Deck 4: Economic Systems

Question 1

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," his informant,Primo,

A) never held a job in New York's office environment.
B) left a job in a service company office primarily because of the low pay it offered.
C) had to quit his job because of repetitive stress syndrome.
D) failed at his office job because he could not alter his street identity and mimic professional office culture.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Gift giving among family members at Christmas is an example of

A) barter.
B) market exchange.
C) reciprocal exchange.
D) redistributive exchange.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," East Harlem men and women view their neighbors who manage to follow the "white woman's rules" during the day and street culture at night as

A) proud of their cultural heritage.
B) people to aspire to be like.
C) ashamed of who they truly are.
D) admirable.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," Bourgois argues that the most important reason that second generation Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem find it unpleasant to work in New York City's professional offices is

A) the work pays too little.
B) they feel they are treated with disrespect.
C) they can't get to work because they are too poor to own cars.
D) they speak no English.

Question 5

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk notes that three of the following are good examples of reciprocal gift giving.Which one is not-

A) shoes bought at a local mall
B) concessions made between U.S. and Russian negotiators during peace negotiations a few years ago
C) shell necklaces and arm bands traded in ritual fashion in the Trobriand Island exchange system called the kula
D) "swapping" reported by Carol Stack by African Americans living in a place in Illinois called the flats

Question 6

Some acts of reciprocal gift giving may not always be benevolent,as in the case of

A) swapping.
B) authors' citations in academic works.
C) potlatching.
D) scientific contributions.

Question 7

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Mount Hagen tribes of New Guinea use a gift giving system called "moka" to gain prestige and

A) guarantee security.
B) establish new relationships.
C) build trust.
D) shame rivals.

Question 8

According to Cronk in "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," the Kwakiutl potlatch is a good example of a way to

A) maintain equal social relationships between different clan members.
B) fight or flatten social rivals.
C) establish alliances between competing political factions.
D) create future material wealth for the giver.

Question 9

One would expect to find the least job specialization in a

A) hunting and gathering society.
B) horticultural society.
C) industrial society.
D) pastoral society.

Question 10

The first phase of the coal mining reclamation process is

A) blasting the large horizontal seam of coal in the ground.
B) removing and storing the delicate layer of topsoil.
C) picking up, moving, and dropping the overburden into an already excavated mine.
D) removing the coal from the ground with draglines, shovels, and haul trucks.

Question 11

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the New York City economy

A) has lost tens of thousands of jobs since 1963.
B) is dominated by manufacturing jobs requiring unskilled labor.
C) has the same number of jobs that it did in 1963 but more of these are located in offices.
D) has gained more jobs in the service sector.

Question 12

The cultural knowledge for making and using tools and extracting and refining raw materials is called

A) production.
B) division of labor.
C) unit of production.
D) technology.

Question 13

Taxes would best be classified as a form of

A) redistributive exchange.
B) allocation of resources.
C) market exchange.
D) reciprocal exchange.

Question 14

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk,citing work by sociologist Warren Hagstrom,argues that __________ represent gifts in a system of reciprocal exchange.

A) citations in academic articles
B) business lunches
C) alcoholic drinks
D) blankets, coppers, and arm shells

Question 15

The provision of goods and services to meet biological and social wants is called

A) production.
B) the economic system.
C) market exchange.
D) the unit of production.

Question 16

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," as reported in the 1990 census,

A) 78.4 percent of the women living in New York's Spanish Harlem received public assistance.
B) 48.3 percent of men living in Spanish Harlem were "officially employed."
C) more than half the Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem sell crack cocaine.
D) 42.4 percent of Puerto Rican men living in Spanish Harlem have fathered children with women to whom they are not married.

Question 17

An economic philosophy that emphasizes the free movement of goods,capital,and services,with cuts to public expenditures for social services is called

A) redistribution.
B) neo-liberalism.
C) subsistence.
D) allocation of resources.

Question 18

In "Reciprocity and the Power of Giving," Cronk,reporting on a study by Grace Goodell,notes that monetary support of an irrigation project by the _________ served to __________ in Iran.

A) U.S., support local level political organizations
B) World Bank, support local level political organizations
C) U.S., crush local level political organizations
D) World Bank, crush local-level political organizations

Question 19

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," the unionized jobs associated with manufacturing in New York

A) provided life-time security for Puerto Rican workers.
B) were difficult for Puerto Ricans to get because they were foreigners.
C) permitted some rebellious behavior.
D) required more education than non-unionized jobs.

Question 20

According to Bourgois in "Poverty at Work: Office Work and the Crack Alternative," second generation Puerto Rican men failed at entry-level service sector jobs because

A) they were discriminated against by Anglo supervisors.
B) they tried to unionize their places of employment.
C) most dealt drugs at their workplace.
D) the way they looked and walked often frightened middle-class Anglos on the job.

Question 21

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the effect of the World Bank loans on the people of Malawi was to

A) stimulate the growth of tourism and local manufacturing.
B) raise agricultural production.
C) lower the amount of maize produced.
D) increase the individual wealth of the farmers of Malawi.

Question 22

Melissa,one of the subjects of Jessica Smith Rolston's essay "Women in the Mine," identifies herself as a

A) tomboy.
B) bitch.
C) lady.
D) girly girl.

Question 23

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," when the president of Malawi reinstituted the subsidized fertilizer program the

A) IMF withdrew its financial assistance from Malawi.
B) World Bank changed its policy concerning government subsidies.
C) U.S. wholeheartedly supported his actions.
D) maize yields grew substantially enough for Malawi to begin exporting again.

Question 24

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the "Washington Consensus" required countries that borrowed money from the World Bank and IMF to

A) privatize state-owned enterprises.
B) increase spending on health and education.
C) limit their trade with foreign markets.
D) use public monies to subsidize commodities.

Question 25

In "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Patten notes that the World Bank and International Monetary Fund,along with approval of the U.S.Treasury,adopted a "Washington Consensus" designed to __________ in poor countries.

A) underwrite better health programs
B) institute capitalism
C) help subsistence farmers increase their crop yields
D) strengthen democratic governments

Question 26

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," Malawians responded to the lower maize yields that occurred when fertilizer was no longer subsidized by

A) skipping meals.
B) eating nsima three times a day.
C) using a government voucher to purchase food.
D) emigrating to other African countries.

Question 27

A key way for women in the mines to build workplace relationships with their male
Coworkers is to

A) cultivate a very professional demeanor.
B) swear excessively and in the most vulgar manner.
C) come to work with well manicured nails and nice makeup.
D) engage in practical jokes.

Question 28

One of the more successful gender identities in a coal mine is the tomboy,defined as a
Women who

A) departs very far from the conventional notions of femininity and acts in a more masculine manner.
B) purposely emphasizes her femininity at the expense of forming friendships with guys.
C) departs from the conventional notions of femininity, does not mind getting dirty, and does not get worked up about things.
D) strictly adheres to societally accepted gender roles.

Question 29

Women who work in the coal mines in the Powder River Basin

A) typically only hold positions in administration and management.
B) operate all of the heavy equipment used to extract the coal.
C) work in all departments except as frontline supervisors in charge of crews.
D) work mostly as mechanics.

Question 30

Of the many stereotypical personas active in the coal mining industry,__________ comprise
Only a minority of the workforce.

A) ultra macho men
B) bitches
C) ladies
D) tomboys

Question 31

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," officials of the World Bank thought that __________ were the reason why Malawi experienced a balance of payments problem in the 1980s.

A) government corruption
B) lack of a manufacturing sector in the economy
C) fertilizer subsidies
D) military expenditures

Question 32

According to Patten in "Malawi Versus the World Bank," the main crop of subsistence farmers in Malawi is

A) cassava.
B) wheat.
C) sorghum.
D) maize.

Question 33

Rank in the coal pits correlates to

A) a worker's gender.
B) an individual's age.
C) number of years working in the mine.
D) hierarchy of the machines used to expose the coal.