Deck 3: Individual Differences I: Demographics, personality, and Intelligence

Question 1

Managers whose achievement motivation is greater than their need to avoid failure tend to be promoted more rapidly.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In the United States,diversity is decreasing.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

People high in achievement motivation are willing to dedicate significant effort to achieve ambitious goals and tasks,often for long periods.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Conscientiousness and knowledge decrease with age.

Question 5

Traits describe what people do,but not why they do it.

Question 6

If both achievement motivation and fear of failure are strong or moderate,intense approach-avoidance conflicts are likely to result.

Question 7

We have a tendency to favor colleagues of our own race in hiring,performance evaluations,pay raises,and promotions.

Question 8

Great managers understand each of their employees' talents and create the perfect role for each person.

Question 9

Personality is unstable in the context of work.

Question 10

Speed of processing slows as age increases.

Question 11

In reverse mentoring,the focus is on transferring the skills of the senior employee to the junior employee.

Question 12

Being afraid of failing can actually increase the chances that we will fail by interfering with our performance.

Question 13

There are more people in Generation X than in Generation Y.

Question 14

Generalizing to everyone based on a demographic characteristic is usually a good idea.

Question 15

There is a lot of evidence that well-developed tests predict job or training success better for members of majority groups.

Question 16

Introverted,formal,soft-spoken people would fit in well as employees at Southwest Airlines.

Question 17

African Americans tend to underperform Whites on commonly used mental ability tests.

Question 18

Rather than using a demographic characteristic to make organizational decisions,it is best to focus on the underlying characteristic that drives any differences in behavior.

Question 19

It is best to assume that there is no meaningful difference in managerial performance between women and men.

Question 20

Beliefs in one's skill adequacy influence decisions to exert and maintain effort,particularly in the face of challenges.

Question 21

Some managers are able to eliminate all ambiguity from their workplaces.

Question 22

When people believe they have what it takes to succeed,they tend to exert more effort and avoid focusing on their doubts and challenges that arise.

Question 23

Introverts cannot be social.

Question 24

An internal locus of control has been positively related to confidence in one's ability to successfully perform tasks.

Question 25

Women are generally more Machiavellian than men.

Question 26

An internal locus of control is negatively related to both job satisfaction and job performance.

Question 27

An internal locus of control is related to passivity and learned helplessness.

Question 28

People with Type A personalities often experience a frustrated sense of wasting time when not actively engaged in productive activity.

Question 29

Stress causes an increase in blood pressure.

Question 30

According to research,the "Big Five" personality dimensions only apply to Americans.

Question 31

Personality does not change with age.

Question 32

Machiavellians tend to be impersonal and opportunistic.

Question 33

More open individuals are less receptive to experiencing and learning new things.

Question 34

Lower emotional stability may result in reductions in attention and reduced motivation,in part through reductions in self-confidence.

Question 35

Type A's are more prone to stress and coronary heart disease than Type Bs.

Question 36

People with a higher tolerance for ambiguity tend to believe that a certain amount of conflict is healthy.

Question 37

Some aspects of conscientiousness,including dependability,order,and dutifulness,can reduce performance when adaptability to changing task conditions is important.

Question 38

Openness is also related to success in expatriate assignments.

Question 39

People with Type B personalities have no stress at all.

Question 40

Personality is completely determined by genetics.

Question 41

Facial expression recognition is a malleable skill; it can be developed.

Question 42

The National Football League uses mental ability tests.

Question 43

In the United States,people from minority backgrounds are more likely to ____________.

A) feel stress
B) feel threatened by stereotypes
C) perceive discrimination
D) all of these

Question 44

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is highly reliable.

Question 45

Carl Jung always intended for his work to be applied to a personality inventory.

Question 46

Members of which generation are the most technologically savvy?

A) Seniors
B) Baby Boomers
C) Generation X
D) Generation Y

Question 47

In the realm of skills assessment (like hiring assessments),individuals from minority backgrounds are ____ likely to perceive tests as being relevant and ____ likely to feel the situation is fair.

A) more, less
B) less, more
C) less, less
D) more, more

Question 48

How many generations are currently represented in the workforce?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 49

When were Baby Boomers born?

A) 1922-1943
B) 1943-1963
C) 1964-1980
D) 1980-2000

Question 50

Which generation is the youngest?

A) Seniors
B) Baby Boomers
C) Generation X
D) Generation Y

Question 51

Individual differences are important to organizations because they influence ____________.

A) job performance
B) turnover
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 52

Experts process and organize information more efficiently and accurately than novices.

Question 53

The concept of emotional intelligence is not supported by research.

Question 54

Awareness of subgroup differences on standardized tests creates frustration among minority test takers and ultimately lower test scores.What is this phenomenon called?

A) stereotype threat
B) unreliability
C) invalidity
D) group judgment

Question 55

One study found that_______ anxiety and _______ motivation predicted African Americans' increased likelihood of withdrawing from a job selection process.

A) lower, higher
B) higher, lower
C) appropriate, irrational
D) irrational, appropriate

Question 56

The principle of hiring fun people with a creative spirit is central to what airline's business strategy?

A) Southwest
B) Delta
C) Continental
D) United

Question 57

The relationship between personality and behavior changes depending on the strength of the situation we are in.

Question 58

Relative to younger adults,older adults tend to have access to a wider amount and variety of information,although they are less able to process novel information quickly.

Question 59

Because they are so complex,mental ability tests cannot be computerized.

Question 60

What term refers to physical and observable characteristics of individuals,including gender,ethnicity,and age?

A) concrete characteristics
B) demographic characteristics
C) personality traits
D) mental abilities

Question 61

What term refers to the practice of pairing a senior employee with a junior employee to transfer the skills of the junior employee to the senior employee?

A) backwards teaching
B) bottom-up leadership
C) reverse mentoring
D) opposite training

Question 62

Wanting to reduce our fear of failure _______ our interest in pursuing achievement-related goals or _______ our intent to quit challenging tasks quickly if success is not immediate.

A) decreases, increases
B) increases, decreases
C) changes, does not change
D) does not change, changes

Question 63

What term refers to an anticipatory feeling of anxiety about attempting a challenging task,failing,and appearing incompetent?

A) social anxiety
B) phobia
C) fear of failure
D) perfectionism

Question 64

Who was the first psychologist to examine the concept of personality traits?

A) Paul T. Costa, Jr.
B) Gordon W. Allport
C) Robert R. McCrae
D) Isabel Briggs Myers

Question 65

Which generation is the most diverse?

A) Seniors
B) Baby Boomers
C) Generation X
D) Generation Y

Question 66

Employees with a fear of failure are likely to do which of the following?

A) disperse responsibility to others
B) choose to set lower goals
C) choose easier tasks
D) any of these

Question 67

What term refers to a tendency to behave consistently over time and in a variety of situations?

A) trait
B) state
C) variation
D) emotion

Question 68

Mangers should place individuals with a _______ tolerance for ambiguity in well-defined and regulated tasks.

A) low
B) high
C) medium
D) any of these

Question 69

_______________ reflects a tendency to perceive or interpret information marked by vague,incomplete,fragmented,multiple,inconsistent,or contradictory meanings as actual or potential sources of psychological discomfort or threat.

A) Tolerance for ambiguity
B) Intolerance for ambiguity
C) Fear of failure
D) Fear of success

Question 70

We behave in ways consistent with our traits because of our __________ .

A) needs
B) motives
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 71

Personality traits are associated with which of the following?

A) motivational states
B) assessments of situations
C) self-set goals
D) all of these

Question 72

Personality affects which of the following?

A) choice of career
B) how long we stay with an employer
C) job satisfaction
D) all of these

Question 73

What term refers to strong desires to accomplish something important,and take pleasure in succeeding at something important and demanding?

A) power hunger
B) achievement motivation
C) success drive
D) need for control

Question 74

Which of the following increase(s)with age?

A) knowledge
B) conscientiousness
C) both of these
D) neither of these

Question 75

Research suggests that,in general,age has a/an _________ relationship with learning.

A) positive
B) negative
C) insignificant
D) misunderstood

Question 76

What term refers to the dynamic mental attributes and processes that determine individuals' emotional and behavioral adjustments to their environments?

A) values
B) talent
C) personality
D) intelligence

Question 77

Consistent differences have been found between men and women when it comes to __________.

A) analytical skills
B) problem-solving
C) motivation
D) none of these

Question 78

Age has an effect on ______________.

A) values
B) skills
C) expectations
D) all of these

Question 79

If achievement motivation and fear of failure are both very low,the person is likely to feel ___________ about achievement-oriented situations.

A) excited
B) scared
C) sad
D) indifferent

Question 80

What term refers to any personality,value,attitude,interest,or lifestyle attribute?

A) psychographic characteristics
B) psychotropic characteristics
C) psychomotor characteristics
D) psychotic characteristics