Deck 14: Education

Question 1

Which of the following statements about less educated workers is true?

A)They are more likely to perform mental work.
B)They have more control over the pace of their work.
C)They are more likely to have wider and bigger social networks.
D)They are more likely to do manual labour.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

What does human capital theory suggest about education?

A)that education doesn't change people but moves them along different routes that influence how much they earn
B)that education transmits knowledge,skills,and values that persist in adulthood and that employers believe increase productivity
C)that people with more education are paid more because they are more intelligent
D)that education changes people in ways that influences how much they earn

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Social closure practices,which __________,include licensing.

A)limit entry into some occupations
B)lower entry pay for some occupations
C)produce unemployment among some occupational classes
D)affect eligibility for unemployment benefits

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Among the following,which plays a role in the sorting function of students into particular jobs?

A)accreditation
B)credentialism
C)criticism
D)socialization

Question 5

Sociologists offer two competing explanations as to why people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards.What are they?

A)allocation theory and labelling theory
B)allocation theory and classical economic theory
C)human capital theory and allocation theory
D)socialization theory and human capital theory

Question 6

After the end of World War II,how did the government choose to regulate the flow of workers into the labour market and avoid high unemployment among former soldiers?

A)by reclaiming farmland in the West
B)by issuing education grants
C)by guaranteeing private pensions
D)by using a federal stimulus to create and save jobs for teachers,principals,and school nurses

Question 7

What do sociologists mean when they say that education serves a credentialing function?

A)that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)that education doesn't change people but moves them along different routes that influence how much they earn
C)that education limits entry into some occupations and thus raises the rewards for people in them
D)that schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn multiple degrees

Question 8

The United States and Canada __________ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive.

A)matches
B)leads
C)for the first time in history leads
D)no longer lead

Question 9

Among the following,who is exhibiting a soft skill?

A)Aaron,who is teaching others how to fill out a new timesheet at work
B)Bonita,who is solving geometric inequalities
C)Charles,who is waiting for a ride home
D)Denise,who is reading in the library

Question 10

For upper-class white males,social origin is __________ to occupation and income.

A)strongly related
B)moderately related
C)slightly related
D)largely negatively related

Question 11

Besides learning skills and knowledge,schools serve three other major purposes.What are they?

A)economic,future preparation,and socialization functions
B)economic,citizenship,and gender role functions
C)future preparation,socialization,and self-worth functions
D)socialization,self-worth,and online learning functions

Question 12

For lower-class white males,educational attainment is __________ related to occupation and income.

A)strongly
B)moderately
C)slightly
D)largely negatively

Question 13

According to human capital theory,__________.

A)schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors
C)people with more education are paid more because they are more productive
D)schools with the best-performing teachers produce more students who earn doctorate degrees

Question 14

Knowing how to dress,act,and present oneself at work,and being able to work well with other people are examples of __________ skills.

A)citizenship
B)higher-order
C)soft
D)technical

Question 15

Research on contemporary college and university students in the United States shows they study __________ students in the past.

A)less than
B)more than
C)about the same as
D)twice as much as

Question 16

People with more education tend to live longer.This is true of __________.

A)men but not women
B)white women but not black women
C)women but not men
D)men and women,whether white or black

Question 17

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

A)that schools seek to maximize educational outcomes of students
B)that people with less education can close the pay gap by acquiring mentors
C)that people with more education are paid more because they are more productive
D)that education moves people along different routes that influence how much they earn

Question 18

The fact that people with comparable occupations and incomes participate more in the civic and political life of their communities when they have more education demonstrates the power of __________ in schools.

A)allocation
B)credentialling
C)labelling
D)socialization

Question 19

Which of the following life outcomes for Sylvia is more likely than the others because she failed to complete high school?

A)Sylvia has a university degree.
B)Sylvia has a full-time job.
C)Sylvia is married.
D)Sylvia is unmarried.

Question 20

What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

A)changing intellectual skills and content
B)unstated standards of behaviour or teachers' expectations
C)recognizing different learning styles of students
D)prevention of crime and the teaching of religion

Question 21

In places with more income inequality-with bigger gaps between high- and low-income families-young people who grow up in wealthier families obtain more education and children in poorer families obtain less education than in places with more income equality.This is an example of which of the following?

A)social closure
B)social reproduction
C)achievement gap
D)social gap

Question 22

The educational experiences of North American children__________.

A)are likely to be quite different
B)are likely to be quite similar
C)are likely to be constrained by equal opportunity
D)are not likely to be the focus of sociological study

Question 23

Theo went to a prestigious private high school and,afterward,attended a well-respected university,where he earned a degree in finance.After working at a reputable firm for a few years,Theo branched out on his own.As a financial planner in private practice,Theo was sure he knew exactly what each of his new clients needed but had trouble making them understand his precise instructions.Every client eventually left him,saying that he was brilliant with figures but not so bright with people.Which of the following concepts would Theo's clients likely emphasize when describing their dealings with him?

A)the connection between elite schooling and financial success
B)his lack of soft skills
C)the keys to the economic development of a society
D)his lack of credentialism

Question 24

____________ allows students to progress through the system regardless of performance.

A)social passing
B)soft passing
C)credential passing
D)capital passing

Question 25

The gender gap in education favours girls over boys with respect to __________.

A)earning economics degrees
B)attending selective universities
C)achievement and attainment
D)choosing majors that lead to higher-paying careers

Question 26

Jessica has graduated from law school and is preparing to start her career as a lawyer.Before she can begin her career she needs to pass the bar (qualifying exams)which will allow her to practise.Others who may be interested in law cannot practise without this no matter how knowledgeable they may be about the law.This is an example of which of the following.

A)social closure
B)credentialism
C)credentalism inflation
D)credential closure

Question 27

Who is more likely to be home-schooled in the United States?

A)black school-age children
B)higher-income school-age children
C)lower-income school-age children
D)lower-income school-age children living in two-parent households

Question 28

Over the last 50 years,family income has become __________ in explaining the educational achievement gap.

A)less important than race
B)more important than race
C)as important as race
D)as inconsequential as race

Question 29

How has the relationship between education and marriage changed in recent decades?

A)Educated people are marrying at an older age and having fewer children,but having them somewhat sooner.
B)Educated women,in particular,are waiting longer to marry.
C)Educated people are marrying at an older age but having similar numbers of children as their parents.
D)Educated women are having fewer children at a somewhat sooner age than their mothers.

Question 30

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the long-lasting effects of the hidden curriculum in schools?

A)Joey's elementary music teacher taught him a song that names each Canadian province in alphabetical order.Now that he's an adult,Joey can still rattle off the name of each province,as long as he sings the tune.
B)Kelly and her twin brother Brent had very different experiences in school.While Brent's teachers encouraged him to focus on math and science,Kelly was directed toward home economics.Brent received more support from his coaches than did his sister.Kelly's interest in and talent for math and sports surpassed Brent's,but she never pursued those areas and abandoned them altogether when she got to university.She had learned her place as a female.
C)An elementary school teacher was caught stealing from the PTA fund.Her students were shocked and confused.Ms.Kenrick had always demanded honesty and integrity from her students.As they entered high school,Ms.Kenrick's former students continued to have trouble trusting their teachers.
D)A high school principal,on retirement,wanted to leave a legacy.As a former band member,he had a great love for music and knew well the benefits that strong music and art programs bring to schools.He anonymously donated $10,000 to the music department,which had a long-term positive impact on the quality of the school's music program.

Question 31

Jeff wants to start his own business and he's eager to make it successful.He remembers his sociology professor talking about socialization theory,human capital,and allocation theory.Armed with this knowledge,what should be Jeff's strategy in building up his business?

A)Avoid hiring too many university graduates.They demand higher salaries,which drains money from profit margins.
B)Hire more workers than you think you'll need.Not all of them will stay with the company for long.
C)Hire mostly university graduates.They'll have the needed skills and productivity levels.
D)Outsource as many positions as possible to keep personnel costs low.

Question 32

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and Asian Americans,who tend to fare better,on average,than Aboriginal,immigrant,and nonwhite students __________.

A)is a fairly recent phenomenon
B)has persisted over 30 years
C)has been steadily declining since 1980
D)has been all but eliminated

Question 33

How did U.S.students rank in comparison with other students of the world on the International Student Assessment tests in 2009?

A)better than average in reading,better than average in science,and better than average in math
B)better than average in reading,better than average in science,and worse than average in math
C)better than average in reading,worse than average in science,and worse than average in math
D)worse than average in reading,worse than average in science,and worse than average in math

Question 34

What schools receive less funding?

A)schools in First Nations communities
B)schools in Newfoundland
C)schools in the Yukon
D)schools in Quebec

Question 35

Eight years after graduating with university bachelor degrees in 2005,males were earning ____________more on average than females who graduated at the same time with the same degrees

A)$50,500
B)roughly the same
C)$10,800
D)$27,300

Question 36

Billy wants to work with troubled youth like his father did.His father had a college diploma;however,all of the posting for jobs that work with youth require a university degree.This is an example of which of the following?

A)social inflation
B)credential closure
C)social closure
D)credential inflation

Question 37

_____________ is the stock of knowledge,skills,and habits that one can use to do productive labour later in life.

A)human capital
B)educational capital
C)credential capital
D)soft skill capital

Question 38

What percentage of U.S.college students attends public nonprofit colleges and universities?

A)85 percent
B)75 percent
C)65 percent
D)55 percent

Question 39

__________ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

A)Educational homogamy
B)Marriage homogamy
C)Marriage determinism
D)Pair symmetry

Question 40

In a sociological context,SES is an abbreviation for __________.

A)socioeconomic sanctions
B)socioeconomic stability
C)socioeconomic statistics
D)socioeconomic status

Question 41

Megan and Pete met at university,started dating,and married a few years after graduating.This is an example of which of the following?

A)educational coupling
B)educational homogamy
C)social homogamy
D)mating trends

Question 42

Which country has the most expensive public higher education system in the world?

A)United States
B)Canada
C)Sweden
D)France

Question 43

What schools receive less funding for schools?

A)schools in First Nations communities
B)schools in Newfoundland
C)schools in the Yukon
D)schools in Quebec

Question 44

____________ allows students to progress through the system regardless of performance.

A)social passing
B)soft passing
C)credential passing
D)capital passing

Question 45

Funding for public education in Canada comes from which of the following?

A)federal government
B)municipal government
C)provincial government
D)donations

Question 46

Jessica has graduated from law school and is preparing to start her career as a lawyer.Before she can begin her career she needs to pass the bar (qualifying exams)which will allow her to practice.Others who may be interested in law cannot practice without this no matter how knowledgeable they may be about the law.This is an example of which of the following.

A)social closure
B)credentialism
C)credentalism inflation
D)credential closure

Question 47

The value of degrees that previously secured a job are in decline such that students must overcome a variety of academic hurdles in order to be competitive for a position;this is known as __________.

A)credential inflation
B)association representation
C)rising human capital
D)allocation diversity

Question 48

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and Asian Americans,who tend to fare better,on average,than Aboriginal,immigrant and nonwhite students __________.

A)is a fairly recent phenomenon
B)has persisted over 30 years
C)has been steadily declining since 1980
D)has been all but eliminated

Question 49

In Canada parents are likely to put their children in private school for which of the following reasons?

A)superior educational experience
B)keep their children with other wealthy families
C)gender segregation
D)religious considerations

Question 50

Which institution does the most to promote equality of opportunity in North American societies?

A)education
B)marriage
C)religion
D)government

Question 51

__________ is the idea that competition for desirable and important positions should go to those with the best qualifications regardless of their family background.

A)Equality
B)Credentialism
C)Meritocracy
D)Democracy

Question 52

Liz and Rachel were inseparable childhood friends but drifted apart after high school.Liz took a couple of community college classes,and Rachel earned a bachelor's degree.Considering only the extent of their postsecondary educational attainment,which of the following future outcomes seems most plausible for Liz and Rachel?

A)Liz has one child.Rachel has three children.
B)Liz regularly volunteers to build houses for Habitat for Humanity.Rachel's job and family leave her little time for volunteering.
C)Liz suffers from more illnesses throughout her life than does Rachel.
D)Rachel and Liz both marry college graduates.

Question 53

In Canada parents are likely to put their children in private school for which of the following reasons?

A)superior educational experience
B)keep their children with other wealthy families
C)gender segregation
D)religious considerations

Question 54

Eight years after graduating with university bachelor degrees in 2005,males were earning ____________more on average than females who graduated at the same time with the same degrees

A)$50,500
B)roughly the same
C)$10,800
D)$27,300

Question 55

Enrollment in public schools grew rapidly in the 1950s and 1960s as a result of __________.

A)an increase in population
B)an increase in public funding for schools
C)a sudden rejection of private education
D)desegregation

Question 56

_____________ is the stock of knowledge,skills,and habits that one can use to do productive labour later in life.

A)human capital
B)educational capital
C)credential capital
D)soft skill capital

Question 57

In places with more income inequality-with bigger gaps between high and low-income families-young people who grow up in wealthier families obtain more education and children in poorer families obtain less education than in places with more income equality.This is an example of which of the following?

A)social closure
B)social reproduction
C)achievement gap
D)social gap

Question 58

Given what you know about gender differences in educational attainment,which of the following scenarios is most likely?

A)Jane is more likely than Bob to earn her bachelor's degree.
B)Bob is more likely than Jane to earn his PhD.
C)Jane is more likely than Bob to earn her PhD.
D)Bob is more likely to attend a two-year college than Jane.

Question 59

Funding for public education in Canada comes from which of the following?

A)federal government
B)municipal government
C)provincial government
D)donations

Question 60

Billy wants to work with troubled youth like his father did.His father had a college diploma,however,all of the posting for jobs that work with youth require a university degree.This is an example of which of the following?

A)social inflation
B)credential closure
C)social closure
D)credential inflation

Question 61

Describe the gender differences in educational achievement.What are some of the reasons for these differences?

Question 62

Is schooling equally available to all children around the world? Explain your answer.

Question 63

Describe the gender differences in educational achievement.What are some of the reasons for these differences?

Question 64

Why do people with more education reap larger socioeconomic rewards?

Question 65

What are the trends amongst home-schooled children?

Question 66

Megan and Pete met at university,started dating and married a few years after graduating.This is an example of which of the following?

A)educational coupling
B)educational homogamy
C)social homogamy
D)mating trends

Question 67

Which country has the most expensive public higher education system in the world?

A)United States
B)Canada
C)Sweden
D)France

Question 68

How do sociologists explain why the achievement gap between black and white children who are similarly matched in terms of age,birth weight,education,and occupation of their parents reappears in the third generation?

Question 69

What are the trends amongst home-schooled children?