Deck 19: Population

Question 1

Countries whose fertility is at or below replacement can continue to gain population because of __________.

A)immigration and rising life expectancy
B)immigration and population momentum
C)population momentum and dependency ratio
D)population momentum and rising life expectancy

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How old were the oldest baby boomers in 2010?

A)50 to 54
B)60 to 64
C)70 to 74
D)80 to 84

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following diseases,because it is infectious,is more likely than the others to be associated with the initial phase of the epidemiological transition?

A)arthritis
B)cancer
C)diabetes
D)flu

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The effects of infectious disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.

A)Japan only
B)the United States only
C)Sudan
D)Japan and the United States

Question 5

The latter phase of the epidemiological transition is associated with __________ diseases.

A)childhood
B)chronic
C)infectious
D)sexually transmitted

Question 6

What happens mid-transition during the first demographic transition?

A)both mortality and fertility decline
B)both mortality and fertility grow
C)mortality first declines followed by a decline in fertility
D)fertility first declines followed by a decline in mortality

Question 7

What does the structure of Sudan's age pyramid tell us?

A)The numbers of those who are very young and those who are much older are roughly the same.
B)The numbers of those who are in their 30s and 40s and those who are in their 60s and 70s are roughly the same.
C)Nearly all children survive to adolescence.
D)Infant mortality is quite high.

Question 8

Where is Sudan positioned in terms of its first demographic transition?

A)Sudan has yet to enter its first demographic transition.
B)at the beginning
C)in the middle
D)at the end

Question 9

What is the key to why the 7 billion humans alive in 2012 will almost certainly not grow to 14 billion humans in the foreseeable future?

A)pretransition reversal
B)mid-transition stagnation
C)mortality decline
D)fertility decline

Question 10

Immunization is a method of __________.

A)combating infectious disease
B)treating chronic disease
C)curbing the spread of chronic disease
D)isolating chronic conditions from infectious conditions

Question 11

Of the following countries,which are exhibiting population momentum?

A)Japan and the Sudan
B)Japan and the United States
C)Japan,the United States,and Sudan
D)the United States and Sudan

Question 12

Women,on average,have to produce __________ offspring to achieve replacement fertility,according to demographers.

A)0
B)1.5
C)2.1
D)3.5

Question 13

__________ refers to the tendency of a population that has been changing in size to continue to change in size even if factors such as fertility and mortality have shifted to levels that would,in the long run,imply no change in population size.

A)Population expectancy
B)Population momentum
C)Population parity
D)The push-pull theory of population dynamics

Question 14

The effects of chronic disease are most likely to shape the epidemiological condition of __________.

A)Japan only
B)the United States only
C)Sudan
D)Japan and the United States

Question 15

Given that Japan's fertility has been between 1.2 and 1.4 for several decades,there is a distinct possibility that in the future Japan will experience a __________.

A)sharp drop in infant mortality
B)slow and steady increase in population
C)slow and steady decline in population
D)very rapid decline in population

Question 16

At the peak of the baby boom,how many children,on average,did Canadian women have?

A)6.7 children
B)5.7 children
C)4.7 children
D)3.8 children

Question 17

A key adjective associated with chronic diseases or chronic health conditions is __________.

A)acute
B)mild
C)persistent
D)recurring

Question 18

How do fertility and mortality change during the first demographic transition?

A)They transition from low fertility and high mortality to high fertility and low mortality.
B)They transition from high fertility and low mortality to low fertility and high mortality.
C)They transition from low fertility and low mortality to high fertility and high mortality.
D)They transition from high fertility and high mortality to low fertility and low mortality.

Question 19

Demographers study __________ important factors.

A)3
B)5
C)6
D)8

Question 20

Epidemiology is the study of __________ events in populations,their characteristics,their causes,and their consequences.

A)age-related
B)death-related
C)health-related
D)marriage-related

Question 21

Before the Industrial Revolution society was largely __________.

A)agrarian
B)institutionalized
C)mechanized
D)polarized

Question 22

What factor plays a key role in determining why the population of Japan will most likely age more quickly than the Canadian population?

A)Japan's fertility rate has maintained its below-replacement rate for many decades.
B)Japan's medical advances surpass those of Canada.
C)The Canadian mortality rate is considerably higher than Japan's.
D)The lack of respect for the elderly in the Canada hinders the quality of care they receive.

Question 23

Which of the following scenarios most accurately reflects how the epidemiological transition impacts the health conditions of people in poor and rich countries?

A)Bob,an 89-year-old man in the United States,suffers from high blood pressure;Ammani,a 10-year-old boy in Ethiopia,has malaria.
B)Misako,a 14-year-old girl in Japan,frequently suffers from bacterial infections;Jean-Pierre,a 79-year-old man in Haiti,suffers from heart disease.
C)Paula,a 5-year-old girl in Great Britain,has contracted measles;Juanita,a 67-year-old woman in Bolivia,has diabetes.
D)Mae Li,a 15-year-old girl in China,died from the flu;Sahim,a 70-year-old man in Afghanistan,suffered a stroke.

Question 24

The study of a group's population dynamics would emphasize patterns in which three factors?

A)fertility,mortality,and migration
B)population momentum,demography,and sex ratio
C)death rates,infant mortality rates,and chronic disease rates
D)demographic transition,fertility,and immigration

Question 25

According to current statistics,how many Americans over 18 report having a chronic disease?

A)almost one in six
B)almost one-quarter
C)almost half
D)almost one-third

Question 26

Lilly works for the Canadian Census Bureau?AU: should this be Statistics Canada? .Recently her agency was told it needed to make a presentation to a panel of experts to explain why it should retain its funding.In her presentation,which of the following reasons is Lilly most likely to cite as one that justifies a large budget for a national census?
AU: should this be Statistics Canada?

A)Population analysis is essential for anticipating the future needs of the country.
B)Population analysis can tell us a lot about how the national budget is spent.
C)Population analysis is primarily used for understanding problems with the healthcare system.
D)Population analysis is essential for predicting the results of future political elections.

Question 27

The theory that declines in infant mortality result in fertility decline is only useful for explaining trends in what type of countries?

A)those undergoing demographic transition
B)those posttransition
C)wealthy
D)Western

Question 28

Using your sociological knowledge of how people adapt to a changing environment and your knowledge of demographics,why would fertility rates eventually decline in response to lower mortality rates?

A)Developed countries are the first to experience lower mortality rates,and these are the countries most concerned about population growth.
B)An explosion in population growth scares the average person and so they have fewer children.
C)As fewer people die young,couples have smaller families because more of their children will live to be adults.
D)Population growth leads many governments to enact extreme measures to limit fertility rates.

Question 29

How does the World Health Organization define health?

A)as simply the absence of disease or infirmity
B)as the absence of disease or infirmity and low levels of mental health
AU: illness?
C)as a state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being,not considering disease or infirmity
D)as a state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 30

Should fertility remain at very low subreplacement levels,countries like Japan face which of the following prospects at some point in the future?

A)steady population aging and rapid population decline
B)steady population decline and steady population aging
C)rapid population aging and rapid population decline
D)rapid population aging and steady population decline

Question 31

A census conducts a(n)__________ of the population.

A)count
B)experiment
C)budget assessment
D)epidemiological transition

Question 32

What factors are most relevant in comparing Sudan's age pyramid to Canada's?

A)Despite high fertility rates,Sudan's poverty leads to a higher mortality rate for infants and children.
B)Sudan is at replacement fertility.On average,a child is born for every person who dies.
C)Sudan is poor,but its population is educated.More Sudanese are practicing birth control to maintain healthy population numbers.
D)Sudan is fast approaching lower mortality and fertility rates.It will soon mirror the United States in its age pyramid.

Question 33

Changing norms and values about fertility occur at what stage of demographic transition?

A)before the first stage
B)during the first stage
C)during the second stage
D)during the intermediate stage

Question 34

Given the epidemiological transition,who in the human population are most vulnerable to infectious diseases?

A)infants and young children,in poor and developing countries
B)infants and young children,in rich and developed countries
C)elders in rich and developed countries
D)middle-aged adults in rich and developing countries

Question 35

A(n)__________ is a legal document that defines the conditions under which a person prefers to die.

A)advance directive
B)palliative care plan
C)power of attorney
D)order for life-sustaining treatment

Question 36

Which of the following would a government trying to decrease fertility rates in its country most likely do?

A)provide more educational opportunities for women
B)eliminate expensive policies like Social Security
C)reduce access to healthcare for unmarried individuals
D)restrict access to contraceptives

Question 37

Which of the following statements about Medicare is true?

A)Various levels of government pay for approximately 70 percent of Canadians' privately delivered healthcare needs.
What does "privately delivered" mean? Could it just be deleted? I know this phrase is in text.But what kinds of healthcare needs are privately delivered in Canada? Aren't hospitals,doctors,etc.funded by government? (I do get that we have socialized medical insurance,not socialized medical delivery. )
B)Only citizens 55 and older are eligible for Medicare.
C)Medicare includes dental coverage.
D)Medicare has always included prescription drug benefits.

Question 38

Why might social planners building retirement communities want to know about healthy life expectancy?

A)This metric tells them how long the elderly population can live free from limitations in activity.
B)This metric tells them how vulnerable the elderly population is to infectious disease.
C)This metric directly relates to the epidemiological transition.
D)This metric helps estimate total life expectancy.

Question 39

Starting in the 1960s,what social advancement has had significant impacts on fertility in Canada?

A)the availability of birth control
B)the development of pasteurization
C)the installation of a national sewer system
D)government control of drinking water

Question 40

Why do chronic diseases in the elderly place a special burden on society?

A)Chronic disease is expensive to treat and provide care for.
B)Chronic disease is more prevalent in all societies than infectious disease.
C)Chronic disease results in programs like Social Security becoming cheaper for everyone but the elderly.
D)Chronic disease is an indicator of a country approaching the first demographic transition.

Question 41

Elena struggles to manage her diabetes.Some days she feels great while others are not good.What would someone who studies trends in the population refer to Elena's not so good days as?

A)physically unhealthy days
B)emotionally unhealthy days
C)palliative care days
D)stylized facts

Question 42

Explain which factors influence fertility and how.

Question 43

For many years Mary has been living with cancer.She and her family are preparing for her end-of-life care.Which of the following is most likely to be true about Mary?

A)She has about a 40 percent chance of dying in hospice.
AU: I don't see this statistic in the text.This is the correct answer choice.Should answer be revised?
B)Like most Americans,she has an advance directive.
C)At the end of her life she will probably not receive palliative care.
D)Her family will probably have to pay for her end-of-life care out of pocket.

Question 44

Explain the difference between chronic and infectious disease.Why is this an important distinction for epidemiologists to make in their research?

Question 45

The trade intensity index is the ratio of __________.

A)intraregional trade share relative to global trade
B)intraregional trade share relative to the region's share in global trade
C)interregional trade share relative to global trade
D)one TNC's share of intraregional trade relative to another TNC's share

Question 46

Anna is a 25-year-old woman living in Canada.She recently got married and her family keeps asking when she and her husband plan to start a family.Anna explains that she plans to wait until she finishes graduate school and is more established in a career.Anna's thought process is associated with which of the following?

A)changing values and norms about fertility
B)the first demographic transition
C)stylized facts
D)the threat of infectious disease

Question 47

In 2014 Harold turned 65.For his birthday,his wife took him on a two-week vacation to Europe.Which of the following is most true about Harold?

A)He is a member of the baby boom generation.
B)He is highly susceptible to infectious disease.
C)He is probably not able to retire.
D)He is most likely receiving hospice care.

Question 48

John is interested in studying the changing values and norms around fertility and resulting fertility decline.Which of the following countries most likely is the best location for John to focus his research?

A)the United States
B)Sudan
C)Mexico
D)Saudi Arabia

Question 49

Imagine you are a sociologist interested in tracking the number of people who come and go from a certain geographic area during a set period of time.Which of the following variables would you be most interested in studying?

A)migration
B)chronic illness
C)mortality
D)fertility

Question 50

As part of their preparation to get married,Anne and Daniel discussed with a lawyer how they want to be treated at the end of their lives.Legal documents like these are __________.

A)called advance directives
B)legally required for all newly married couples
C)commonly held by Canadians
D)required for insurance coverage of end-of-life care

Question 51

In developed nations,one can predict that life expectancy will likely __________.

A)increase
B)decrease
C)stay the same
D)increase for women only

Question 52

Amelia and Ken were both born in the 1990s.Jennifer and Calvin were both born in the 1960s.Which of the following is true about these two pairs of people?

A)They belong to different birth cohorts.
B)They are all baby boomers.
C)They are all members of the same family.
D)They all have the same life expectancy.

Question 53

Outline the differences between the first and second demographic transitions.

Question 54

An age pyramid highlights which of the following social variables?

A)gender and age
B)race and age
C)age and socioeconomic status
D)gender and race

Question 55

Why are aging societies,and the individuals who live in them,victims of their own success?

Question 56

Summarize the reasons population research is useful for society and some of the kinds of population trends demographers study.