Deck 3: Social Interaction

Question 1

Gender differences are present in the way that high-power individuals greet each other.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Reference groups influence behavior among individuals who share similar preferences or social positions.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

When talking with others face-to-face,the social context is conveyed only through the words we use.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Once adults fully form their sense of self through social interaction,they do not require further social interaction.

Question 5

People signal their willingness to converse through pauses and nonresponses.

Question 6

There is much to be learned about social interaction in a public restroom.

Question 7

The self is not a thing,but a process of interaction.

Question 8

The way people express emotion is universal across all cultures.

Question 9

Emotions are not beyond our capacity to control.

Question 10

Our own self-understanding is dependent on how others view us.

Question 11

The age of people who spent the most time online per month on average,in 2010,was 18 to 24.

Question 12

Role models are reference group stars who exhibit significant influence on others in terms of how to act.

Question 13

The looking-glass self is a key survey tool sociologists use to perform a reverse audit.

Question 14

In conversation with each other,men interrupt women more often than women interrupt men.

Question 15

Sociologists consider Facebook profiles a form of digital self-presentation.

Question 16

Sociologists use the term civil inattention to refer to the way in which strangers ignore each other to an appropriate degree when their paths cross in public spaces (e.g. ,in theaters).

Question 17

Erving Goffman coined the term the looking-glass self.

Question 18

People signal that they don't want to talk by making quick responses to questions or compliments.

Question 19

People all over the world,regardless of culture or historical moment,use the same methods for interacting with others.

Question 20

Identity tends to be a stationary part of our personalities that does not change over time or location.

Question 21

What does NOT typically influence behavior in a public restroom?

A)gender issues
B)fear of contamination
C)the need for social contact
D)cultural differences

Question 22

What name refers to George Herbert Mead's sociological school of thought,which is based on understanding how people's personalities and concepts of reality are shaped and constructed?

A)structural functionalism
B)positivism
C)symbolic interactionism
D)symbolism

Question 23

What did Christena Nippert-Eng conclude from her study of the stuff people carry around in their wallets?

A)Wallets repel romantic partners,if they contain too much stuff.
B)Wallets are toolkits for managing the multiple faces we show others in social interactions.
C)Wallets,if made of synthetic material,undermine employment opportunities.
D)Wallets with too many credit cards convey troubling messages about indebtedness.

Question 24

The generalized self is the social control we exercise over our behavior because we have a common-sense understanding of what is appropriate in a specific time and place.

Question 25

Which of the following conclusions might an individual come to by utilizing the looking-glass self?

A)that she is anatomically female
B)that she lives in Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania
C)that she has naturally brown hair
D)that she is intelligent and worthwhile

Question 26

Conforming college students accept that taking exams is part of their role set.

Question 27

According to sociologists,what is the key element that separates humans from other animals?

A)tool use
B)the concept of the self
C)walking on two legs
D)the ability to think about objects

Question 28

We enter into different life statuses as we age.

Question 29

According to Charles Horton Cooley,how do most people construct the way they view themselves?

A)We view ourselves based on how we think others view us.
B)We view ourselves based on our own personal philosophies.
C)We view ourselves based on the media we consume.
D)We view ourselves based on genetically based criteria.

Question 30

Ethnocentrism is the inability to understand,accept,or reference patterns of behavior or belief different from one's own.

Question 31

What is ethnomethodology?

A)Ethnomethodology is the study of people's methods of navigating their social worlds.
B)Ethnomethodology is the study of people's belief systems.
C)Ethnomethodology is the study of group identity.
D)Ethnomethodology is the study of emotion.

Question 32

According to George Herbert Mead,what is the self?

A)The self is composed of our interactions in the world.
B)The self is an unchanging idea that each individual possesses.
C)The self is a series of electrical and chemical impulses in our brains.
D)The self is an illusion and does not actually exist.

Question 33

What makes people competent members of society is not so much knowing all the rules but knowing what to do on particular occasions given what is expected of us.

Question 34

What do sociologists mean when they describe life as a stage?

A)that our interactions are all scripted,leaving very little room for free will
B)that we are always on stage,performing the self in the spotlight of others
C)that acting is as natural as breathing
D)that our lives are directed by unseen individuals behind the scenes

Question 35

In his orphanage study,what difference did Spitz find between babies who were properly socialized and those who were not?

A)The older the children were,the more social interaction they required.
B)Those children who received more interaction tended to be more emotionally unstable.
C)Those children who received less social interaction tended to be more withdrawn and susceptible to physical illness.
D)There was little difference found between children who received social interaction and those who had not.

Question 36

The __________ is the individual's reflection on one's own identity and social position that is made and reformulated through social interactions.

A)self
B)id
C)ego
D)mind

Question 37

Jon views himself as a lazy person who is not very intelligent.His self-perception comes from his overly critical father who continually belittled him when he was growing up.Jon's perception of himself is what Charles Horton Cooley referred to as __________.

A)the looking-glass self
B)backstage behavior
C)role consistency
D)the social construction of reality

Question 38

What part does the looking-glass self play in our determination of identity and self-worth?

A)We see others as we wish others would see us.
B)We behave in certain ways in order to hide our true selves from others.
C)We see ourselves as we imagine others see us.
D)We present ourselves in ways similar to how others present themselves.

Question 39

What did Craig Haney find the impact of solitary confinement to be on inmates in the California prison system?

A)Prisoners suffered from numerous physical maladies but did not suffer mentally from solitary confinement.
B)Solitary confinement caused no change in the prisoners.
C)Prisoners benefited from solitary confinement and were better behaved afterward.
D)Prisoners' physical and mental health was negatively impacted;some committed suicide.

Question 40

In Spitz's study of the differences between children in an orphanage and a nursery for incarcerated mothers,half of the children were denied __________.

A)nutritious food
B)social interaction
C)sufficient warmth
D)natural sound

Question 41

What is conversational precision?

A)Conversational precision is the inability to improvise.
B)Conversational precision refers to body language cues and to brief pauses that people use to pace and give additional meaning to their conversations.
C)Conversational precision is conversation enhanced by sophisticated vocabularies.
D)Conversational precision is the exact timing that can make some people very persuasive performers and speakers.

Question 42

According to George Herbert Mead,the term significant other refers to __________.

A)individuals we look up to but with whom we have little personal experience
B)individuals we care about in a romantic way
C)individuals close enough to us to have a strong capacity to motivate our behavior
D)individuals we know but do not care about

Question 43

When we update our profiles on Facebook,we are also __________.

A)damaging our organic solidarity
B)managing our presentation of self
C)engaging in civil inattention
D)refuting the looking-glass self

Question 44

How does social interaction in crowded public places differ from interactions in other settings?

A)When in crowded spaces,we frequently engage in civil inattention to minimize interactions.
B)When in crowded spaces,we are required to take into consideration the feelings of all others in the space,even if only on a subconscious level.
C)When in crowded spaces,we should ignore each other if people behave rudely.
D)When in crowded spaces,we tend to stare more at strangers than in other settings.

Question 45

What have sociologists learned about confrontations?

A)Participants carefully fit their threats and gestures into a script of calls and countercalls that all parties understand.
B)Verbal altercations usually escalate quickly and without warning into physical fights.
C)Participants in a confrontation are usually only subconsciously hostile.
D)On a biological level,most people know how to fight.For this reason,fights usually escalate at a uniform pace.

Question 46

According to Randall Collins,the social interactions leading up to physical altercations are usually dictated by __________.

A)verbal interaction sequences
B)interaction ritual chains
C)symbolic interactionism
D)ethnocentrism

Question 47

What have sociologists found in relation to crying as an emotional display when comparing different societies?

A)Crying and other displays of emotion are uniform across societies.
B)Who cries and the situations in which they cry vary from society to society.
C)Why people cry varies dramatically across societies,except in the case of mourning;then crying is universally acceptable.
D)Crying is completely unpredictable both across and within societies.

Question 48

When we fail at public social performances,such as accidentally dropping a book in class,how do we repair our mistake?

A)Most people immediately stop what they are doing and launch into a detailed apology.
B)Most people signal that all is okay by quietly indicating that they have performed imperfectly.
C)Most people go on as though nothing has happened.
D)Most people involved in the scene will have an embarrassed reaction.

Question 49

According to Georg Simmel,ignoring someone out of politeness,who is only inches away from you on a crowded bus,is an example of __________.

A)civil inattention
B)industrial rudeness
C)zeitgeist
D)self-preservation

Question 50

According to sociologists,what part do audiences play in a performance?

A)Audience members are in almost total control of any given performance.
B)Audience members interact with each other and the performers in a way that contributes to the collective experience.
C)Audience members play very little part in performances.
D)Performers should be aware of an audience's mood,but the performer,ultimately,is the one in control.

Question 51

How does taking turns play out in terms of conversation and laughing?

A)When people do not take turns in conversation or when they laugh,it mars social cohesion.
B)When people take turns in conversation but laugh all at once,it aids social cohesion.
C)When people take turns laughing,but all talk at once,it contributes to social cohesion.
D)Talking contributes to social cohesion,but laughing detracts from social cohesion.

Question 52

How do social media contribute to our social interaction in the real world?

A)Social media contribute to our ability to plan social interactions in the real world.
B)Social media train us to be more attentive to our communications in the real world.
C)Social media damage our interactions with people in the real world by draining our capacity for social interaction.
D)Social media neither contribute nor detract from our interactions in the real world.

Question 53

Which of the following statements regarding conversational interruptions is true?

A)Women interrupt men more often than men interrupt women.
B)Men are more likely than women to stop talking if they accidentally begin talking at the same time.
C)Patients interrupt doctors more often than doctors interrupt patients.
D)Doctors interrupt patients more than patients interrupt doctors,except when the doctor is a woman;then interruption patterns are equal.

Question 54

Why is it important to understand context when engaging in ethnomethodology?

A)Ethnomethodology almost exclusively studies context.
B)Most human communication cannot be understood outside of the context in which it occurs.
C)Context provides us with hidden clues that are revealed only after careful study.
D)Context makes it possible to study human language in a quantifiable way.

Question 55

A __________ is a group of people who share similar preferences or social positions and have influence on members of the group.

A)reference group
B)significant collective
C)social network
D)society

Question 56

In terms of conversational precision,what do we call the act of bowing out of a conversation when two or more people are talking at once?

A)a pause
B)taking turns
C)a repair
D)conversational permissiveness

Question 57

Why is conversational precision critical to interacting with other individuals in society?

A)Conversational precision provides us with the vocabulary needed to convey complex ideas.
B)Without conversational precision,we cannot interpret complex ideas.
C)Conversational precision allows us to study language in a way that is of use to the social sciences.
D)Timing and spacing in the delivery of spoken communication conveys subtle cues that are critical for understanding.

Question 58

According to Emanuel Schegloff,what part do pauses play in conversational precision?

A)Pauses detract from conversational precision by omitting information.
B)Pauses break up the syntax of a conversation and damage message delivery.
C)Pauses neither enhance nor detract from conversational precision.
D)Pauses convey nuanced information that enhances conversation.

Question 59

According to Duneier and Molotch,which of the following interactions is least likely to occur between panhandlers and the people they bother for money?

A)panhandlers forcing people to be civil even when they don't want to
B)panhandlers attempting to entangle women in conversation by commenting about their appearance
C)panhandlers ignoring social cues that signal an unwillingness to interact
D)panhandlers continuing to ask questions even when responses are not immediate

Question 60

What did sociologist Max Atkinson find after studying British politicians?

A)The persuasive skills of highly successful politicians are often completely unique to those individuals.
B)The ability to work a crowd is a social skill that comes from knowing what people need to act together.
C)British politicians possess an entirely different set of persuasive skills from American politicians.
D)British politicians are far more nuanced in their control of audiences than American politicians.

Question 61

In terms of sociology,what is culture?

A)the total sum of systems of beliefs and knowledge of a given society
B)the set of artistic endeavors most appreciated by social elites
C)the instinctual rules with which all humans are programmed
D)the set of artistic endeavors most appreciated by mainstream members of society

Question 62

When we change statuses,what happens to our role sets?

A)Status change rarely results in a change in role set.
B)Status change can,but does not always,change the roles we are expected to play.
C)When our status changes,our corresponding role sets also change.
D)When our status changes,role conflict vanishes.

Question 63

The __________can be described as an interactive process by which knowledge is produced and codified,thus making it specific to a certain group or society.

A)social construction of reality
B)self-fulfilling prophecy
C)symbolic interaction of society
D)establishment of role sets

Question 64

Sociologists define __________ as a distinct social category that is set off from others and has associated with it a set of expected behaviors and roles for individuals to assume.

A)status
B)role set
C)subculture
D)culture

Question 65

Which of the following expectations are parts of the role set of traditional college students?

A)respect authority figures,pay for food in restaurants,drive safely
B)attend religious services,vote in elections,treat senior citizens with respect
C)respect the teacher,show up for lectures,complete assigned papers,take exams
D)binge drink,sleep until noon,eat a diet mostly of pizza

Question 66

In terms of social science,what is socialization?

A)the process through which private businesses are taken over by the state
B)the process through which we meet new people and make friends
C)the process by which we come to understand the expectations,rules,and norms of the society in which we live
D)the process through which we come to understand ourselves and develop a sense of self

Question 67

In his study of mental health institutions,David Rosenhan sent his research assistants,all with no history of mental health issues,to present themselves to different psychiatric hospitals and report hearing voices in their heads.Once admitted,what was the outcome?

A)All were quickly identified as not being mentally ill and released.
B)Half were quickly identified as not being mentally ill and released;half were not.
C)All were treated as if they were indeed mentally ill and were not released until they admitted to having a mental illness.
D)All eventually developed signs of mental illness.

Question 68

__________ is a type of social control exercised by common-sense understandings of what is appropriate in a specific time and place.

A)The sociological presentation of self
B)The generalized other
C)A self-fulfilling prophecy
D)The social construction of reality

Question 69

A __________ is a relatively small group of people whose affiliation is based on shared beliefs,preferences,and practices that distinguish them from the mainstream or larger social group to which they also belong.

A)cult
B)commune
C)co-op
D)subculture

Question 70

According to sociologists,why are certain people who question authority labeled as deviant?

A)People are labeled as deviant because they are mentally ill.
B)People are labeled as deviant because they are morally corrupt and not properly socialized to follow society's rules.
C)People are labeled as deviant because their parents did not properly socialize them.
D)People are labeled as deviant because dominant members of society see them as threats.

Question 71

According to Robert Merton,what is a drawback to labeling individuals in our society as deviant?

A)The label will be misapplied.
B)The label will become a self-fulfilling prophecy.
C)The label will not stick.
D)The label will restrict innovation.

Question 72

Which of the following statements about reference groups is true?

A)We are only associated with one reference group at a time.
B)We are often associated with several reference groups simultaneously.
C)Reference groups do not tend to influence our behavior.
D)Reference groups are important only in the teenage years.

Question 73

What causes role conflict?

A)individuals failing to compete fairly with others who have the same role
B)the expectations of one role preventing the fulfillment of other role expectations
C)individuals mistakenly taking on the wrong roles
D)individuals intentionally behaving in ways opposite to role expectations

Question 74

How do statuses and roles interact?

A)Roles are relationships we have with other people,and statuses are ways we maintain those relationships.
B)We each possess certain statuses.Roles are positions we take to maintain those statuses.
C)Statuses are often at odds with the roles we fill.
D)Statuses do not impact roles.

Question 75

How does a status change impact the behavior of an individual?

A)Status change has little effect on well-rounded individuals,as long as they have strong social networks.
B)Status change almost never causes role conflict.
C)Status change confers different types of group expectations and role expectations on individuals.
D)Status change often forces individuals to label members of other status categories as deviants.

Question 76

What percentage of adults are friends with people whom they have met only online?

A)under 10 percent
B)25 percent
C)50 percent
D)75 percent

Question 77

Imagine that you are a senior in college with one semester to go before graduation.You do not have a job yet,but you are looking for one.You have a good relationship with your parents,are married,but do not have children.Which of the following is one of your reference groups?

A)current high-school students
B)new parents
C)recent college graduates
D)business professionals

Question 78

__________are people who have a disproportionate influence on how we behave.We use them as examples to shape our behavior in ways that we interpret as desirable.

A)Role models
B)Significant others
C)Referents
D)Generalized others

Question 79

What policy change did David Rosenhan's study "Being Sane in Insane Places" lead to?

A)The study contributed to the deinstitutionalization movement.
B)The study caused a cultural shift in how mainstream Americans view mental illness.
C)The study raised many ethical research concerns,resulting in the establishment of institutional research boards.
D)The study renewed long-terminated funding for mental hospitals and other similarly structured institutions.

Question 80

Which of the following is an example of an informal rule?

A)Not driving while intoxicated.
B)Filing tax returns.
C)Respecting the needs of children.
D)Stopping at red lights.