Deck 5: Disorders of Early Development

Question 1

An infant's excitability is known as their ________,while their ability to control their reactions is known as ________.

Answer 1

reactivity;regulation

Question 2

The ________ model is based on the idea that some individuals are innately more susceptible to the development of a particular disorder that can be triggered by later negative experiences.

Answer 2

diathesis-stress

Question 3

Ellie's parents have learned how to help her calm down after she is frightened by a strange face or loud noise.Over time,the hope is that Ellie will be able to regulate her own reactions.This interaction between Ellie and her parents is known as the ________.

Answer 3

goodness-of-fit

Question 4

As an infant,Pedro responded negatively to changes in his environment,and now as an adolescent he prefers to have a predictable routine.This similarity over time reflects temperamental:

A)stability.
B)preference.
C)consistency.
D)sensitivity.

Question 5

Girls are more likely to score higher on scales measuring effortful control.

Question 6

Research has identified a link between children who are uninhibited and less reactive to what types of childhood disorders?

A)extraversion
B)externalizing
C)inhibited
D)internalizing

Question 7

Thomas and Chess (1977;Chess & Thomas,1984)are known for their research on how infant temperament and parenting can help or hinder a child's development.

Question 8

Pica is a fairly common disorder characterized by repeated regurgitation of food.

Question 9

The authors of this text would support which of the following statements regarding a child's physiological and emotional functioning?

A)A child's physiological and emotional functioning is inborn and therefore changes little over time.
B)A caregiver's responsiveness to a child's inborn characteristics has little influence on a child's long-term development.
C)Individual differences in a child's temperament can be significantly changed by how a caregiver responds to certain behaviors.
D)A child's physiological and emotional development is shaped by inborn characteristics,environmental demands,and a caregiver's response to both of these.

Question 10

Based on one of the primary developmental tasks of infancy,most early psychopathological disorders manifest themselves in what aspect of an infant's development?

A)physiological
B)temperament
C)social/emotional
D)cognitive

Question 11

Renee's family has a history of anxiety disorders.The likelihood that she will pass this trait on to her children could be described as one component of the diathesis-stress model.

Question 12

Biobehavioral shifts are characterized by which of the following?

A)changes in a child's height and weight
B)changes in a child's physical,social and emotional status
C)changes in a child's emotional status that are triggered by environmental shifts
D)changes in a child's temperament

Question 13

An infant who is timid and shy may be at risk for developing an anxiety disorder.Timidity and shyness are considered which type of risk factor?

A)general
B)developmental
C)specific
D)familial

Question 14

Noah is a 4-month-old infant who prefers to be left alone in his crib,has poor muscle tone,and can spend long periods of time starring at the ceiling fan in his room.This pattern of behavior is known as hypersensitive regulatory disorder.

Question 15

During the Christmas festivities,baby Ellen becomes fussy around her parents and cries loudly when passed to unfamiliar family members.This is an example of Ellen's:

A)temperament.
B)emotional regulation.
C)reactivity.
D)surgency.

Question 16

Which of the following sleep-wake disorders is most likely to remain stable over time?

A)night waking
B)nightmares
C)sleep onset
D)regulatory

Question 17

Dale's tendency to react negatively to changes in his routine has persisted into his adult life.This is called temperamental ________.

Question 18

Which of the following infants is most at-risk of developing a feeding disorder?

A)Alex,a 2-month-old,who has been diagnosed with Down's Syndrome
B)Abby,a 3-month-old,who was born a month early
C)Alejandro,a 4-month-old,whose mother was addicted to cocaine while pregnant
D)Austin,a 5-month-old,whose identical twin died at birth

Question 19

One of the reasons it is difficult to accurately diagnosis clinical syndromes in very young infants is related to which of the following factors?

A)It is impossible to predict how significant an infant's maladjustment may impact later development.
B)It is difficult to describe what typical behavior is in a young infant.
C)It is important to consider the impact of the infant-caregiver relationship on a child's development.
D)It is important to accurately describe and diagnosis the level of distress an infant is experiencing.

Question 20

Sleep disorders in infants are often diagnosed through the use of sleep diaries and direct observation.

Question 21

Describe the three factors (surgency,negative affectivity,and effortful control)related to infant emotionality.In what ways do these factors differ between boys and girls and in different cultures?

Question 22

Describe two behaviorally-oriented treatments for feeding or sleep disorders in young children.

Question 23

Children who exhibit feeding problems are more likely to also have ________.

Question 24

How would researchers explain the development of schizophrenia in a young child using the diathesis-stress model? Include a discussion of differential susceptibility and sensitivity to context.

Question 25

Explain why it would be important to know how consistent and stable temperament is over time,particularly as it relates to psychopathology.

Question 26

When understanding the etiology of sleep disorders,it is important to understand factors that influence the ________ of sleep disorders (e.g. ,childhood illness)and the ________ of sleep disorders (e.g. ,difficulty self-soothing after an illness).

Question 27

Describe and give examples of the three biobehavioral shifts that occur in early childhood.Identify at which age these shifts normally occur.

Question 28

Describe and give examples of the three types of disorders of regulation.

Question 29

Describe and provide two examples of the importance of parent factors in the development of sleep-awake disorders in children.

Question 30

Based on what you've learned about disorders of early childhood,develop a prevention/intervention program that supports young children and their families.

Question 31

Describe one way in which it is important to understand normal development when assessing feeding disorders in young children.

Question 32

Ten-month-old Antonio is being treated for an avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder.
Describe this disorder in terms of developmental course;etiology;assessment and diagnosis;and intervention.

Question 33

Benoit and Coolbear's (1998)three-part protocol for the treatment of feeding disorders in young children includes ________,________,and ________.

Question 34

A child with autism is more likely to show a/n _________ regulatory disorder,while a child with early signs of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder is more likely to show a __________ disorder.

Question 35

Compare and contrast the concepts of a general risk factor and a specific risk factor.Give examples of each.

Question 36

Describe why it is important to understand normal development when assessing sleep disorders in young children.

Question 37

Discuss the ways that the temperament dimensions of surgency,negative affectivity,and effortful control may contribute to an increased risk of psychopathology.

Question 38

Based on what you've read in the text,develop a lobbying strategy to present to policy makers regarding key components of a supportive and effective mental health policy for the detection of psychopathology in early childhood.

Question 39

Discuss how newborn and caregiver characteristics interact to promote healthy development.