Deck 11: Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

The frontal bone articulates with ____ cranial bones.

A)four
B)six
C)two
D)five

Answer 1

four

Question 2

Which cranial bone articulates with the other seven cranial bones?

A)Parietal
B)Ethmoid
C)Sphenoid
D)None of the above

Answer 2

Sphenoid

Question 3

The ethmoid notch is part of which cranial bone?

A)Temporal
B)Ethmoid
C)Sphenoid
D)Frontal

Answer 3

Frontal

Question 4

The left mastoid fontanel becomes the ____ in an adult.

A)left asterion
B)left pterion
C)left bregma
D)squamosal suture

Question 5

Which of the following cranial bones does not articulate with the parietal bone?

A)Frontal
B)Sphenoid
C)Occipital
D)All of the above articulate with the parietal bone.

Question 6

Which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge?

A)EAM
B)Top of ear attachment (TEA)
C)Squamosal suture
D)Inion

Question 7

Which of the following terms describes the small irregular bones occasionally found in the sutures?

A)Asterion
B)Wormian
C)Sesamoid
D)Squamosal

Question 8

Which cranial bone contains the cribriform plate?

A)Sphenoid
B)Occipital
C)Temporal
D)Ethmoid

Question 9

The slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the:

A)glabella.
B)supraorbital foramina.
C)supraorbital groove.
D)frontal tuberosity.

Question 10

Which bony landmark represents the highest level of the facial bone mass?

A)Nasion
B)Acanthion
C)Orbital plates
D)Supraorbital notch

Question 11

The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri) is associated with and protected by the ____ bone.

A)temporal
B)ethmoid
C)palatine
D)sphenoid

Question 12

What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes of the skull and the atlas of C1?

A)Zygapophyseal joint
B)Intervertebral joint
C)Atlanto-occipital joint
D)Cervico-occipital joint

Question 13

The widest portion of the cranium is found at the level of the:

A)parietal tubercles.
B)right and left pterion.
C)squamous portion of the temporal bone.
D)external acoustic meatus (EAM).

Question 14

Which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale?

A)Sphenoid
B)Occipital
C)Ethmoid
D)Temporal

Question 15

There are a total of ____ fontanels in an infant.

A)four
B)two
C)six
D)eight

Question 16

How many bones make up the facial bone region?

A)6
B)8
C)12
D)14

Question 17

Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone?

A)Squamosal
B)Sagittal
C)Coronal
D)Lambdoidal

Question 18

Which of the following bones is part of the floor of the cranium?

A)Temporal
B)Occipital
C)Frontal
D)Parietal

Question 19

Which cranial bone is labeled vi in this figure?
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)Temporal
B)Occipital
C)Greater wing of sphenoid
D)Parietal

Question 20

Which of the following terms describes the anterior fontanel found in the adult skull?

A)Bregma
B)Pterion
C)Asterion
D)Lambda

Question 21

A radiograph of a submentovertex projection of the cranium reveals that the mandibular mentum are projected into the ethmoid sinuses.What must be altered during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic radiograph?

A)Increase the extension of the skull.
B)Increase the flexion of the skull.
C)Decrease the CR angulation.
D)None of the above; it is an acceptable image.

Question 22

Which term describes the small flap of cartilage covering the opening to the ear?

A)Tragus
B)Pinna
C)Acanthion
D)EAM

Question 23

A patient enters the emergency department (ED) with a possible basilar skull fracture.Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus?

A)AP with a 15° cephalic angle
B)Haas method
C)Submentovertex
D)Horizontal beam lateral projection

Question 24

The suture labeled f is the:
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)asterion.
B)lambdoidal.
C)coronal.
D)squamosal.

Question 25

Which one of the following positioning errors most often results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?

A)Incorrect rotation and tilt
B)Incorrect central ray placement
C)Slight flexion
D)Slight extension

Question 26

Which cranial suture is labeled g?
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)Coronal
B)Squamosal
C)Lambdoidal
D)Sagittal

Question 27

Which bony structure is labeled v?
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)EAM
B)Mastoid process
C)Styloid process
D)Zygomatic process

Question 28

A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA) axial projection (Caldwell method) of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one-third of the orbits.The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudad to the orbitomeatal line (OML).How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

A)Increase the extension of the skull.
B)Increase the flexion of the skull.
C)Increase the CR angulation.
D)None of the above; positioning was correct.

Question 29

The sutural point or area labeled e is the:
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)lambda.
B)asterion.
C)bregma.
D)pterion.

Question 30

An axiolateral oblique projection (modified Law method) for the temporomandibular joints on a brachycephalic type of skull would require ____ rotation as compared with an average-shaped skull.

A)more
B)less
C)the same
D)Rotation depends on the patient's age.

Question 31

The cranial bone labeled i is the:
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)sphenoid.
B)lacrimal.
C)ethmoid.
D)palatine.

Question 32

The sutural point or area labeled d is the:
(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A)bregma.
B)lambda.
C)asterion.
D)pterion.

Question 33

What is the difference, in degrees, between the infraorbitomeatal and orbitomeatal lines?

A)10°
B)15° to 22°
C)7° to 8°
D)20° to 25°

Question 34

Which of the fontanels is the last to close at about 18 months of age?

A)Sphenoid
B)Mastoid
C)Anterior
D)Posterior

Question 35

An average-shaped skull with a 47° angle between the petrous pyramids and the midsagittal plane is classified as:

A)mesocephalic.
B)brachycephalic.
C)dolichocephalic.
D)morphocephalic.

Question 36

A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium.He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection.What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?

A)Use the inferior OML and increase the CR angulation by 7°.
B)Perform the Haas method.
C)Perform a submentovertex projection in place of the AP axial projection.
D)Use the AML and increase the CR angulation by 10°.

Question 37

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP) axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum, but the posterior arch of C1 is visible within the foramen.Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

A)Excessive central ray (CR) angulation
B)Insufficient CR angulation
C)Insufficient flexion of the head and neck
D)Tilt of the skull

Question 38

Which one of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium?

A)Low kV range
B)Detail image receptor (IR)
C)Short exposure time
D)Erect or horizontal x-ray beam positioning

Question 39

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates) are not superimposed-one is slightly superior to the other.Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

A)Rotation
B)Tilt
C)Excessive flexion
D)Excessive extension

Question 40

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum of the mandible was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph.A 24 × 30-cm (10 × 12-inch) IR was used, and it was placed landscape.What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

A)Center the CR at the EAM.
B)Increase SID to reduce magnification.
C)Place the 24 × 30-cm (10 × 12-inch) IR lengthwise.
D)None of the above; all of the critical structures were demonstrated.

Question 41

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

A)EAM
B)Three-fourths inch (2 cm) anterior and three-fourths inch (2 cm) superior
C)Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
D)Midway between EAM and nasion

Question 42

The part labeled x is the:

A)eustachian tube.
B)internal auditory canal.
C)tympanic tube.
D)internal auditory meatus.

Question 43

Which one of the following cranial projections will best demonstrate a possible basilar fracture?

A)PA axial (Caldwell method)
B)Lateral recumbent
C)Horizontal beam lateral
D)AP axial (Towne method)

Question 44

Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?

A)Temporal
B)Sphenoid
C)Ethmoid
D)Occipital

Question 45

The part labeled ii is the:

A)stapes.
B)incus.
C)malleus.
D)cochlea.

Question 46

The cochlea is labeled:

A)v.
B)vii.
C)viii.
D)ix.

Question 47

The oval window is labeled:

A)vi.
B)ix.
C)vii.
D)i.
E)v.

Question 48

A patient comes to radiology with a history of a possible erosion of the superior orbital fissures.Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this structure?

A)PA axial with a 15° caudad angle to OML
B)Submentovertical
C)PA axial with a 25° to 30° caudad angle to OML
D)AP axial with a 37° caudad angle to OML

Question 49

A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone.Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone?

A)AP axial with a 30° caudad angle to OML
B)PA axial with a 30° caudad angle to OML
C)PA axial with a 15° caudad angle to OML
D)PA with no CR angulation to OML

Question 50

To which aspect of the ear does the eustachian tube attach?

A)External ear
B)Middle ear
C)Inner ear
D)Cochlea

Question 51

Which of the following structures of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

A)Vestibule
B)Semicircular canals
C)Cochlea
D)Round window

Question 52

Which division of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and equilibrium?

A)Petrous
B)Mastoid
C)Squamous
D)Antrum

Question 53

The incus auditory ossicle is labeled:

A)iii.
B)i.
C)iv.
D)ii.
E)vii.

Question 54

The mastoid air cells communicate with the:

A)inner ear.
B)middle ear.
C)external ear.
D)base of the brain.

Question 55

The aditus is defined as a(n):

A)large chamber containing the mastoid air cells.
B)thin plate of bone separating the mastoid air cells from the brain.
C)passageway for the auditory nerve.
D)opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid air cells.

Question 56

Which one of the following structures is part of the middle ear?

A)Tragus
B)Cochlea
C)Tympanic cavity
D)Eustachian tube

Question 57

A PA axial projection with a 25° caudad angle of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the superior orbital margins.Which of the following modifications are required to correct this error?

A)Decrease CR angle.
B)Increase extension of cranium.
C)Increase flexion of cranium.
D)No corrections are required; this is an acceptable position.

Question 58

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne) projection with a 37° caudad CR angle?

A)OML
B)IOML
C)AML
D)LML

Question 59

The part labeled i is the:

A)external acoustic meatus.
B)tegmen tympani.
C)auditory tube.
D)tympanic membrane.

Question 60

Which cranial bone possesses the superior nasal conchae?

A)Ethmoid
B)Sphenoid
C)Frontal
D)Temporal

Question 61

Which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process?

A)Frontal
B)Sphenoid
C)Temporal
D)Ethmoid

Question 62

What primary type of joint movement occurs with the temporomandibular joint?

A)Plane
B)Gomphosis
C)Spheroidal
D)Bicondylar

Question 63

The posterior aspect of the orbit is termed the:

A)apex.
B)base.
C)sphenoid strut.
D)crown.

Question 64

Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone?

A)Frontal, ethmoid, temporal
B)Frontal, sphenoid, temporal
C)Sphenoid, frontal, occipital
D)Ethmoid, parietal, frontal

Question 65

What is the largest immovable bone of the face?

A)Vomer
B)Mandible
C)Maxilla
D)Zygomatic

Question 66

Which of the following modalities best demonstrates early signs of Paget's disease of the skull?

A)CT
B)Nuclear medicine
C)MRI
D)Sonography

Question 67

Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones?

A)Nasion
B)Acanthion
C)Glabella
D)Supraorbital groove

Question 68

Which two bones form the bony nasal septum?

A)Superior and inferior nasal conchae
B)Ethmoid and vomer
C)Vomer and maxilla
D)Sphenoid and ethmoid

Question 69

The bone labeled 2 is the:

A)lacrimal.
B)maxilla.
C)ethmoid.
D)palatine.

Question 70

Part 7 is part of which bone?

A)Ethmoid
B)Lacrimal
C)Zygomatic
D)Sphenoid

Question 71

The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed:

A)gonion.
B)ramus.
C)symphysis menti.
D)mental foramina.

Question 72

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

A)Mandible
B)Palatine
C)Maxilla
D)Zygomatic

Question 73

Part 10 is part of which bone?

A)Maxilla
B)Sphenoid
C)Zygomatic
D)Ethmoid

Question 74

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:

A)symphysis menti.
B)condyloid processes.
C)palatine processes.
D)alveolar processes.

Question 75

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an acoustic neuroma.Which of the following imaging modalities will provide the best assessment for this tumor?

A)Radiography
B)Ultrasound
C)Nuclear medicine
D)MRI

Question 76

What is the classification of the joint found between the teeth and maxilla?

A)Synovial
B)Fibrous
C)Cartilaginous
D)Synarthrodial

Question 77

A patient comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma.Because this is a rural hospital, CT and MRI are not available.Which radiographic projection or position would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor?

A)AP axial (Towne method)
B)PA axial (Caldwell method)
C)Lateral position
D)Both A and C

Question 78

Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity?

A)Perpendicular plate
B)Pterygoid processes
C)Septal cartilage
D)Conchae

Question 79

A patient comes to radiology with acute mastoiditis.Which one of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate possible bony destruction within the mastoid region?

A)CT
B)Nuclear medicine
C)Ultrasound
D)PET

Question 80

How many facial bones help make up the bony orbit?

A)Three
B)Four
C)Five
D)Seven