Deck 11: Leadership

Question 1

The University of Michigan studies identify leaders who emphasize interpersonal relations as

A)employee-oriented.
B)initiating-oriented.
C)production-oriented.
D)relationship-oriented.
E)contingency-oriented.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Managers give organizations ________ while leaders ________.

A)change; stability
B)efficient structures; create vision
C)inspiration to become; handle day-to-day activities
D)day-to-day goals; create structure
E)efficient structures; detailed planning

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What is the relationship between trait theories of leadership and The Big Five personality theory?

A)The dimensions found in the Big Five are all important to leadership success.
B)Leadership success is correlated to the trait of agreeableness.
C)Extroversion is related to leader's self-efficacy, and important to leadership success.
D)Emotional stability is high in successful leaders, as leaders work long hours.
E)Leadership success is related to openness to experience and agreeableness.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following statements is inconsistent with successful leadership behaviour patterns?

A)Pioneering work in this area was done at the University of Michigan and the Ohio State University.
B)Effective leaders are more concerned with the people they lead than about getting the job done.
C)An individual scoring high on one dimension of leader behaviour will not necessarily score low on the other dimension.
D)The two major dimensions of leader behaviour focus on people and tasks.
E)Two dimensions of leader behaviour have been labelled as initiating structure and consideration.

Question 5

Ron always seems to be challenging the status quo and looks to create change whenever he feels that it is needed, and that is often. Ron is exhibiting

A)supervision.
B)leadership.
C)management.
D)transformation.
E)charisma.

Question 6

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader shares mutual trust and respect for his or her employees is referred to as

A)consideration.
B)task-oriented behaviour.
C)initiating structure.
D)concern for production.
E)employee-oriented behaviour.

Question 7

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader's behaviour is directed toward getting the job done is called

A)consideration.
B)initiating structure.
C)employee-oriented.
D)contingency theory.
E)job structure.

Question 8

The University of Michigan studies identified which characteristic with effective performance as a leader?

A)consideration
B)interpersonal relations
C)nonverbal relations
D)employee orientation
E)leadership contingency

Question 9

Leaders who are high in task orientation

A)have higher productivity.
B)rank their employees higher on performance appraisals.
C)show no difference in job satisfaction.
D)are more motivated.
E)show no difference in motivation.

Question 10

An integrated study on specific leader behaviours and their impact on group performance and employee job satisfaction revealed

A)no behaviours consistently improved employee job satisfaction and group performance.
B)only high initiating behaviours consistently improved employee job satisfaction and group performance.
C)only high consideration behaviours consistently improved employee job satisfaction and group performance.
D)offering rewards with consideration behaviours gave the highest employee satisfaction and group performance.
E)both considerations and initiating behaviours improved employee job satisfaction and group performance.

Question 11

John is very effective at acting within the established culture of the organization, and gets a lot done with this approach. John is exhibiting

A)supervision.
B)leadership.
C)management.
D)transformation.
E)charisma.

Question 12

Steve is greatly admired in his organization, as he is an innovative thinker when problems arise; Steve always asks the questions "how does this align with our goals and how can we get there?" He rarely concerns himself with "how do we usually handle a problem like this?" He is exhibiting

A)supervision.
B)management.
C)leadership.
D)transformation.
E)charisma.

Question 13

Trait research on leadership has been

A)teaching people how to develop the correct leadership traits for decades.
B)used to select the right person for leadership jobs successfully.
C)unsuccessful as past research indicated traits did not differentiate leaders from others.
D)focused on women and feminine traits in the workplace.
E)held back from reaching conclusions until just recently.

Question 14

The followers of leaders who are high in employee orientation or consideration behaviour

A)are higher in productivity.
B)rank their employees higher on performance appraisals.
C)show no difference in job satisfaction.
D)are more motivated.
E)show no difference in motivation.

Question 15

Emery's best skills revolve around day-to-day activities maintaining and allocating resources in his department. He is exhibiting

A)supervision.
B)management.
C)leadership.
D)transformation.
E)charisma.

Question 16

Which of the following is characteristic of a manager?

A)innovates for the entire organization
B)asks "what" and "why" to change standard practices
C)is a status quo challenger
D)administers subsystems within an organization
E)uses empowering strategies to make followers internalize values

Question 17

According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader is likely to define and structure his or her role and those of subordinates in the search for goal attainment is called

A)structured coercion.
B)dominance.
C)initiating structure.
D)employee orientation.
E)consideration.

Question 18

Acts that activate change in others congruent with the long-term objectives of the organization are known as

A)charisma.
B)management.
C)leadership.
D)social responsibility.
E)transformation.

Question 19

A person who relies on control strategies to get things done by subordinates is called a

A)leader.
B)director.
C)mentor.
D)manager.
E)peer.

Question 20

If leadership behavioural theories are correct, then

A)leadership trait theories are incorrect.
B)leaders are born with leadership behaviours.
C)leader behaviour should be altered.
D)leadership can be learned.
E)attribution theory has no validity.

Question 21

Path-goal theory identifies which leader as necessary for situations where the employees must "buy-in" and internalize the decision in order to be motivated in the task?

A)directive leader
B)supportive leader
C)task leader
D)participative leader
E)achievement-oriented leader

Question 22

________ assertiveness is ________ correlated to leadership effectiveness.

A)High, positively
B)High, negatively
C)Moderate, positively
D)Moderate, negatively
E)Low, positively

Question 23

The ________ style appears to be Doug's situational leadership style.

A)task
B)selling
C)participating
D)directing
E)delegating

Question 24

According to the path-goal theory, an approach focused on providing specific guidance and establishing work schedules and rules is referred to as

A)supportive.
B)participative.
C)institutional.
D)charismatic.
E)directive.

Question 25

An example of a task-oriented leadership style is a leader who

A)presses a subordinate to complete a task because of deadlines.
B)accommodates a vacation request from an employee.
C)meets weekly with all staff for a coffee.
D)asks an employee what their career plans are.
E)ignores an employee's mistakes and errors.

Question 26

What theories propose leadership effectiveness is dependent on the situation?

A)behavioural theories
B)contingency theories
C)phenomenal theories
D)dependency theories
E)normative theories

Question 27

What theory proposes effective leaders adapt their leadership style according to how willing and able a follower is to perform tasks?

A)situational leadership model
B)contingency model
C)certainty model
D)path-goal theory
E)task-structure model

Question 28

Path-goal theory identifies which leader is necessary for situations where the employees have ambiguous tasks?

A)directive leader
B)supportive leader
C)task leader
D)participative leader
E)achievement-oriented leader

Question 29

Research findings indicate that when an employee has a clear understanding of how to perform a task and reach a goal a ________ leader will increase employee satisfaction.

A)people-oriented
B)production-oriented
C)technical-oriented
D)goal-oriented
E)task-oriented

Question 30

What other terms might be used to describe the concept of "people" in behavioural and contingency leadership theories?

A)consideration, employee-oriented, and participating
B)directive leadership, production-oriented, and supportive
C)supportive, directive leadership, and relationship-oriented
D)consideration, relationship-oriented, and initiating structure
E)goal-setting, planning, and supportive

Question 31

Jill's approach would be described by Situational Leadership as

A)task.
B)participating.
C)people orientation.
D)directing.
E)delegating.

Question 32

Leadership theorists seem to agree that

A)a leader's style is fixed.
B)a leader's style is flexible.
C)traits are always important.
D)there appear to be two dimensions of leadership-task and people.
E)good leadership guarantees good results.

Question 33

When a leader is high in consideration behaviour employees tend to have

A)less respect for the leader.
B)less respect for colleagues.
C)more job satisfaction.
D)less job satisfaction.
E)les job motivation.

Question 34

The leadership model that integrates the expectancy model of motivation with the Ohio State University leadership research is

A)path-goal.
B)Fiedler's.
C)leader-participation.
D)autocratic-democratic.
E)leader-member exchange.

Question 35

Jack's style would be described in Situational Leadership as

A)telling.
B)selling.
C)participating.
D)directing.
E)delegating.

Question 36

The leadership behaviours identified by the path-goal theory are

A)participative, goal-oriented, supportive.
B)achievement-oriented, humanistic.
C)supportive, directive, participative, achievement-oriented.
D)participative, directive.
E)supportive, achievement-oriented.

Question 37

Leadership incompetence in organizations may be because

A)leadership cannot be learned on the job.
B)leadership is hard to describe in a job description, so it is hard to hire leaders.
C)many managers are promoted from jobs that didn't have a leadership role, to a job that has a leadership role.
D)leaders are born, and there are too few to supply all the needs of organizations.
E)most organizations don't value leadership, so don't hire for it.

Question 38

According to situational leadership, if Doug's employees accept all parts of the job and add health and safety routines and quality control checks to their jobs at all times, then Doug will be able to lead, according to the managerial grid, as

A)telling.
B)selling.
C)participating.
D)directing.
E)delegating.

Question 39

What other term might be used to describe the concept of "task" in behavioural and contingency leadership theories?

A)supportive
B)initiating structure
C)consideration
D)relationship-oriented
E)employee-oriented

Question 40

The situational leadership style that Jill should use is

A)telling.
B)selling.
C)participating.
D)directing.
E)delegating.

Question 41

That special "spark" that people notice when they work with Alan may be termed

A)transactional.
B)laissez-faire.
C)charisma.
D)structure.
E)transcendent.

Question 42

According to the path-goal theory, a leader who sets challenging goals and seeks improvements in performance is referred to as

A)achievement-oriented.
B)participative.
C)institutional.
D)charismatic.
E)directive.

Question 43

Alan is which type of leader?

A)transactional
B)Theory X
C)transformational
D)laissez-faire
E)situational

Question 44

Which of the following qualities is NOT necessary for a person to be an effective follower?

A)experience and training
B)aspirations of leadership
C)rigid rules and procedures
D)intrinsically satisfying work
E)job provides its own feedback

Question 45

Which of the following is NOT true of a charismatic leader?

A)They have a vision and the ability to articulate that vision.
B)They have behaviour that is out of the ordinary.
C)They are assertive and self-confident.
D)They are perceived as managers of the status quo.
E)They are perceived as being a change agent.

Question 46

Mei is a leader who has a clear vision of what her unit needs to accomplish; she is willing to take personal risks to achieve that vision, and she is sensitive to the needs of those who follow her. She is thus known as a ________ leader.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)charismatic
E)achievement-oriented

Question 47

Sometimes leadership may not be important. ________ make(s)it impossible for leader behaviour to make any difference to subordinate outcomes.

A)Externalities
B)Neutralizers
C)Situational variables
D)Participation
E)Task structure

Question 48

Which of the following theories assumes subordinates will react favourably to a leader who helps them progress toward their desired goals?

A)behavioural approach
B)attribution theory
C)path-goal theory
D)situational leadership model
E)leader match approach

Question 49

A leader would NOT be called transactional when he or she

A)gives rewards in exchange for good work.
B)intervenes if standards aren't met.
C)provides vision and a sense of mission.
D)recognizes accomplishments.
E)takes corrective action.

Question 50

Lilly does a great job of inspiring her employees to go beyond their own self-interests for the good of the organization. She thus is known as a ________ leader.

A)transactional
B)transformational
C)supportive
D)participative
E)competent

Question 51

A leadership theory that states that followers make attributions of heroic or extraordinary leadership abilities when they observe certain behaviours is known as

A)Path-Goal Theory.
B)Charismatic Leadership Theory.
C)Trait Leadership Theory.
D)Behavioural Leadership Theory
E)Contingency Leadership Theory.

Question 52

The type of leader who inspires followers to transcend their own self-interest for the good of the organization and who is capable of having a profound effect on his or her followers is a(n)

A)transcendent leader.
B)transformational leader.
C)transactional leader.
D)employee-oriented.
E)situational leader.

Question 53

Servant leadership emphasizes

A)persuasion and empathy to gain self-interest.
B)transactional leadership for higher goals.
C)task orientation through respect and stewardship.
D)listening and stewardship to develop followers' potential.
E)commitment through listening and empathy.

Question 54

John is which type of leader?

A)transformational
B)transactional
C)charismatic
D)team
E)laissez-faire

Question 55

The type of leaders who guide or motivate their followers in the direction of established goals by clarifying role and task requirements are

A)transactional leaders.
B)charismatic leaders.
C)transformational leaders.
D)employee-oriented leaders.
E)process-oriented leaders.

Question 56

According to the path-goal theory, a leader who consults with employees and uses their suggestions before making a decision is referred to as

A)supportive.
B)participative.
C)institutional.
D)charismatic.
E)directive.

Question 57

According to the path-goal theory, a(n)________ leader lets followers know what is expected of them and gives them specific guidance.

A)directive
B)indirective
C)supportive
D)participative
E)achievement-oriented

Question 58

Geo is considered to be a fiercely ambitious and driven person whose ambition is directed at the company rather than at himself. He is thus known as a ________ leader.

A)directive
B)level 5
C)charismatic
D)participative
E)supportive

Question 59

A situation where leadership may NOT be important is when

A)there are explicit formalized procedures.
B)employees are inexperienced.
C)employees lack training.
D)employees lack professionalism.
E)employees are indifferent towards organizational rewards.

Question 60

A leader would NOT be called transformational when he or she

A)pays attention to the concerns and developmental needs of individual followers.
B)changes followers' awareness of issues.
C)is able to excite, arouse, and inspire followers to give forth more effort.
D)is charismatic in nature.
E)intervenes only if standards aren't met.

Question 61

You should expect your supervisor to

A)use charisma to enhance her power.
B)lead for her own self-serving ends.
C)provide feedback that is only about organizational goals.
D)be honest, and humble.
E)encourage competitions within the department.

Question 62

There are situations when charismatic leadership would be beneficial. Which of the following would be an example of such a situation?

A)a business facing the introduction of a radically new product
B)a business facing no life-threatening crisis
C)during a time of peace
D)during a time of political stability
E)a seasonal business closing down temporarily

Question 63

You comment to your colleague that

A)only managers, not employees, need to behave ethically.
B)only top managers need to behave ethically.
C)top managers need to model ethical behaviours to all levels of the organization.
D)if this manager has behaved ethically in the past, she will be ethical in all future situations.
E)ethical leadership has set, universal traits.

Question 64

Don is a good leader who believes that leaders should choose their style based on their perceptions of situational factors. This is known as

A)trait theory.
B)contingency theory.
C)path-goal theory.
D)behavioural theory.
E)management theory.

Question 65

Your supervisor will probably demonstrate

A)high machiavellianism.
B)high self-interest.
C)high respect for others.
D)low people orientation.
E)low outcome orientation.

Question 66

Gianni knows who he is, what he believes in and values, and he acts on those values and beliefs openly and candidly. He is thus exhibiting

A)moral leadership.
B)authentic leadership.
C)charismatic leadership.
D)transactional leadership.
E)transformational leadership.

Question 67

Jing is an effective leader who is friendly with his staff and always shows concern for their needs. According to Path-Goal Theory, he is a ________ leader.

A)directive
B)participative
C)supportive
D)achievement-oriented
E)charismatic

Question 68

Andrew exhibits ethical conduct at all times, and exhibits values that are focused on others rather than on himself. He is thus exhibiting

A)socialized charismatic leadership.
B)authentic leadership.
C)charismatic leadership.
D)transactional leadership.
E)transformational leadership.

Question 69

The theory that says that it's the leaders job to assist followers in attaining their goals and to ensure that these individual goals are compatible with the overall goals of the organization is called the

A)Path-Goal Theory.
B)Behavioural Model.
C)Inspirational Leadership Model.
D)Situational Leadership Model.
E)Fiedler Contingency Model.

Question 70

Xavier is considered a good leader. His view of leadership is that social, intellectual and physical traits distinguish leaders from non-leaders. This is known as

A)trait theories of leadership.
B)behavioural theories of leadership.
C)contingency theories of leadership.
D)path-goal theory of leadership.
E)situational leadership theory.

Question 71

Although organizations require a combination of strong leadership and strong management, the process of leadership does have specific characteristics. Which of the following best describes the role of leadership?

A)Leaders have no vision-managers do that.
B)Leaders let managers deal with change.
C)Leaders let individuals deal with their own personal hurdles by leaving them on their own.
D)Leaders are micromanagers.
E)Leaders innovate for the entire organization.

Question 72

Wadi is a leader whose work relationships with his staff are characterized by mutual trust, with respect and regard for personal feelings. According to behavioural theories, this is known as

A)hyperbole.
B)initiating structure.
C)consideration.
D)emotional intelligence.
E)key traits.

Question 73

Fred is facing a decision in which it is critical that his staff internalize the goals and carry through on the actions independently. According to Path-Goal Theory, the best leadership style for him would be

A)directive.
B)supportive.
C)participative.
D)charismatic.
E)achievement-oriented.

Question 74

Which of the following is characteristic of a charismatic leader?

A)little regard for employees
B)no commitment to company
C)self-confidence
D)team management
E)conformance to established norms

Question 75

Rory, a senior executive, has taken Sam, a new employee, "under his wing" to help him to develop his skills. What is Rory to Sam?

A)a good leader
B)a mentor
C)a good manager
D)a supportive friend
E)a sounding board

Question 76

Tim lets his staff know exactly what is expected of them, and gives them specific guidance as to how to accomplish their tasks. According to Path-Goal Theory, he is a ________ leader.

A)directive
B)supportive
C)participative
D)charismatic
E)achievement-oriented

Question 77

Although much research has taken place in an attempt to describe leadership and differentiate it in terms of how it is practiced in a variety of situations, the conclusions don't always appear to be satisfactory. Which of the following is a managerial trait, rather than a leadership trait?

A)plans strategy
B)questions standard practice
C)maintains and allocates resources
D)uses empowering strategies
E)reforms the system

Question 78

Cora has a highly motivated staff that enjoys challenges. According to Path-Goal Theory, the best leadership style for her would be

A)directive.
B)supportive.
C)charismatic.
D)participative.
E)achievement-oriented.

Question 79

A theory that proposes effective group performance depends upon the proper match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives control to the leader is called the

A)Path-Goal Theory.
B)Behavioural Model.
C)Inspirational Leadership Model.
D)Situational Leadership Theory.
E)Fiedler Contingency Model

Question 80

The difference between management and leadership is still a topic of discussion and debate. Which of the following best describes the role of managers?

A)Managers tend to prefer solitary activity.
B)Managers make decisions on their own.
C)Managers let others establish strategies to assist in decision making.
D)Management doesn't have to cope with complexity.
E)Managers are status quo stabilizers.