Deck 2: Perception, Personality, and Emotions

Question 1

Stan left Kerry a voicemail message indicating that he wanted to see her right away. He wanted to commend her for her good work on a recent project, but because he said he wanted to see her right away, she thought that she was in trouble. Kerry's interpretation of his message is known as her

A)personality.
B)feelings.
C)perception.
D)viewpoint.
E)concern.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

A process by which individuals organize and interpret their impressions in order to give meaning to their environment is called

A)interpretation.
B)environmental analysis.
C)perception.
D)outlook.
E)environmental impact.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The theory that tries to explain how we judge people differently, depending upon the meaning we assign to a given behaviour, is

A)behavioural theory.
B)judgmental theory.
C)equity theory.
D)attribution theory.
E)situational theory.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

If two people see the same thing at the same time yet interpret it differently, the factors that shape their dissimilar perceptions reside in

A)the target being perceived.
B)the timing.
C)the context of the situation in which the perception is made.
D)the perceiver.
E)environmental influences.

Question 5

There are many examples of shortcuts we make in judging others. Which shortcut below is least likely to be an error in perception about a new employee named Jo?

A)using "high intelligence" of Jo to make a general impression about Jo's effectiveness on the job
B)using my ability to respond to individual differences between Jo and myself
C)letting my own attitudes and interests influence my impression of Jo
D)deciding that Jo wants challenge and change since that's what I want
E)knowing how good Jo will be because Jo has the same degree I have

Question 6

In attribution theory, internally caused behaviours are

A)those believed to be under the personal control of the individual.
B)derived from personality traits.
C)controlled by external factors.
D)usually negative behaviours.
E)outside forces and influences.

Question 7

Tom was aware that Jonas did not always interpret his messages in the way that they were intended. In this perception situation, Jonas is the

A)target.
B)perceiver.
C)prophesizer.
D)emoter.
E)superior.

Question 8

Which of the following is considered to be outside the shortcuts we utilize in judging others?

A)stereotyping
B)halo effect
C)projection
D)self-serving bias
E)contrast effects

Question 9

Suppose a sales manager is unhappy with the performance of her sales people and attributes this to laziness on their part. Closer scrutiny of the real situation, however, shows that the sales manager has made a "fundamental attribution error." This means that she has

A)only attended to superficial indicators.
B)inadequately explored the job satisfaction of the sales people.
C)merely stereotyped employees.
D)underestimated the effects of external factors relative to internal factors.
E)ignored her responsibility in the entire process of not holding workers accountable.

Question 10

You should expect that your new employee

A)will be excited by the new dress code.
B)will perceive the dress code in the same way as the other employees.
C)may have a different perception of the dress code because of differences in the target.
D)may have a different perception of the dress code because of differing past experiences.
E)will ignore the new dress code.

Question 11

According to attribution theory, the more consistent the behaviour of another person is, the more the observer is inclined to

A)depend on the behaviour.
B)attribute it to internal causes.
C)attribute it to consensus.
D)attribute it to external causes.
E)attribute it to the environment.

Question 12

The factor in the situation that may cause your younger employees perceptions to be different is

A)novelty.
B)attitudes.
C)social setting.
D)genetics.
E)heredity.

Question 13

When individuals observe behaviour, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused. This is generally referred to as

A)fundamental attribution error.
B)self-serving bias.
C)attribution theory.
D)selective behaviour theory.
E)perception theory.

Question 14

How does selective perception work as a shortcut in judging other people?

A)Bits and pieces of what we observe are chosen randomly.
B)Bits and pieces of what we observe are selectively chosen according to our interests and background.
C)Such observations allow us to arrive at warranted judgments quickly.
D)It allows us to "speed-read" without the risk of inaccurate conclusions.
E)Bits and pieces of what we observe allow us to judge people with complete accuracy.

Question 15

If a person appears to respond the same way over time, attribution theory states that the behaviour shows

A)distinctiveness.
B)consensus.
C)consistency.
D)continuity.
E)reliability.

Question 16

You may discover your younger employees believe the older employee to be rigid and intolerant of various behaviours and values. This is due to their

A)expectations.
B)motives.
C)targets.
D)situations.
E)interests.

Question 17

Which of the following is TRUE about our perceptions of a target?

A)Individual perception varies little between different cultures.
B)Expectations do not distort individual perception.
C)Motion, sounds, and size of a target have little affect in how individuals perceive it.
D)Targets are usually perceived in isolation.
E)Timing of events and the situation in which a target is encountered may impact our perception.

Question 18

Behaviour that is observed as being different from the behaviour previously demonstrated, refers to

A)differentiation.
B)consistency.
C)consensus.
D)distinctiveness.
E)unanimity.

Question 19

When an individual displays different behaviours in different situations, this is termed

A)continuity.
B)integrity.
C)distinctiveness.
D)flexibility.
E)consensus.

Question 20

What are the three rules about behaviour that attribution theory relies on?

A)distinctiveness, resemblance, and consistency
B)resemblance, consensus and consistency
C)deviation, distinctiveness, and consistency
D)consistency, consensus and distinctiveness
E)context, consensus and distinctiveness

Question 21

John usually responds positively when asked to do something, but recently his boss has noticed that he was does not seem as enthusiastic and positive when requests are made of him. Which aspect of Attribution Theory does this observation relate to?

A)consensus
B)distinctiveness
C)consistency
D)selective perception
E)contrast effects

Question 22

When Carrie drove up in her new car, Ken told her that she had made a mistake. Even though the car was very sporty, easy on gas, and had lots of trunk space, he ignored these attributes and told her it would need to be repaired frequently. He said this because he had previously owned the same car, and that was his experience. This is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)projection.
D)selective perception.
E)stereotyping.

Question 23

Janet may be attributing to Jim some of her own characteristics. She might exhibiting

A)projection.
B)the halo effect.
C)contrast effect.
D)stereotyping.
E)selective perception.

Question 24

You have heard that the instructor believes men perform better in oral presentations than women. If this is TRUE, the instructor's perception shortcut is

A)halo effect.
B)contrast effect.
C)projection.
D)stereotyping.
E)selective perception.

Question 25

You might attempt to understand Janet and Jim by using ________ theory.

A)social relevance
B)attribution
C)optimizing
D)satisficing
E)perception

Question 26

Janet seems to be guilty of

A)proximity bias.
B)ethnocentrism.
C)fundamental attribution error.
D)self-serving bias.
E)selective perception.

Question 27

Allison has just completed a very good presentation. You are afraid that the ________ will operate and you will be perceived less favorably than if you had presented before her.

A)stereotyping effect
B)halo effect
C)contrast effect
D)projection effect
E)selective perception

Question 28

Sidney generally had a negative view of company competitors, and felt that everyone he worked with had a similar view. This is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)projection.
D)selective perception.
E)stereotyping.

Question 29

You have decided after consultation with your manager that the problem between Janet and Jim must be solved; somehow Janet must be made aware of the impact of her work not being completed within the required timeline. In order to resolve the situation and maintain as much objectivity as possible, you want to create a response that avoids

A)selective perception and stereotyping.
B)a problem solving approach.
C)communication with both Janet and Jim.
D)assigning responsibility for future behaviour.
E)acting in a leadership capacity.

Question 30

The perception shortcut that involves evaluation of a person based on how they compare to other individuals recently encountered.

A)selective perception
B)contrast effects
C)halo effect
D)prejudice
E)projection

Question 31

When a person stereotypes another person, the individual is making generalizations based upon

A)a predefined group to which the other person belongs.
B)a key strength of the other person.
C)a key weakness of the other person.
D)the values of the other person.
E)the speaking style of the other person.

Question 32

The tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgments about the behaviour of others is known as

A)distinctiveness.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)selective perception.
D)self-serving bias.
E)halo effect.

Question 33

When a fire truck's siren was heard, everyone ran to the window to see what was happening. That everyone responded in the same way is an example of which aspect of Attribution Theory?

A)consistency
B)consensus
C)distinctiveness
D)selective perception
E)contrast effects

Question 34

________ generally starts with stereotypes and then has negative emotional content added.

A)Contrast effects
B)The halo effect
C)Prejudice
D)Projection
E)Attribution error

Question 35

The unfounded belief that younger workers are more appealing than older workers is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)projection.
D)prejudice.
E)stereotyping.

Question 36

Because Northern Beverages wants to expand and grow, the HR Manager knows she needs to hire an individual who is skilled in business strategy. She believes that university graduates who participated extensively in athletics are ambitious and hard working, compared to university students who did not. When she interviews university grads that were athletes, she is likely to engage in

A)projection.
B)stereotyping.
C)contrast effect.
D)risk management.
E)halo effect.

Question 37

Sally is normally a very calm and composed manager, but the other day she raised her voice on the telephone. When staff heard her angry tone they tried to figure out why she was upset. This is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)projection.
D)stereotyping.
E)attribution theory.

Question 38

Jennifer has previously made two excellent presentations. The one she completed today is not as good as her first two, yet she still receives the same high grade. Which statement best explains the perception error the instructor may have made when evaluating Jennifer?

A)The contrast effect is distorting the instructor's perception.
B)The halo effect is operating.
C)The instructor has stereotyped Jennifer.
D)The instructor is projecting that Jennifer is an "A" student.
E)The instructor is engaged in selective perception.

Question 39

The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors is called

A)the halo effect.
B)projection.
C)stereotyping.
D)self-serving bias.
E)contrast effects.

Question 40

Terry is a good communicator, and those who know this assume she is very competent at her job. This is an example of

A)selective perception.
B)the halo effect.
C)contrast effects.
D)projection.
E)consensus.

Question 41

A trait, which is NOT inherited, is

A)muscle composition and reflexes.
B)energy level.
C)cultural norms.
D)psychological makeup.
E)gender.

Question 42

Sally is also looking for an organized person who will be practical and realistic about timelines and budgets. She will probably pick

A)ESTJ.
B)ENTP.
C)ISFP.
D)STPE.
E)INTJ.

Question 43

Sally needs an individual who is innovative and individualistic to help push the project beyond the normal practices of the company. With strong leadership from others, she wants to find a person who will bring innovative ideas to the team. She will probably choose

A)STJE.
B)INTJ.
C)ENTP.
D)ESFJ.
E)ISFP.

Question 44

What are personality traits?

A)enduring characteristics that describe an individual's behaviour.
B)fleeting characteristics that describe an individual's behaviour.
C)individual characteristics that are based solely on heredity.
D)individual characteristics that are based solely on situational conditions.
E)individual characteristics that are based solely on environmental factors.

Question 45

An environmental factor that might influence personality is

A)parents' height.
B)school experience.
C)gender.
D)muscle coordination.
E)sense of smell.

Question 46

Which of the five personality dimensions are probably most important in predicting the job performance of your employees?

A)extroversion
B)agreeableness
C)conscientiousness
D)emotional stability
E)openness to experience

Question 47

Characteristics of individuals high in Machiavellianism include which of the following?

A)maintains emotional distance; highly authoritative; believes in swift discipline
B)impulsive; emotionally involved; has strong ethical beliefs
C)pragmatic; maintains emotional distance; believes ends can justify means
D)focuses most available time on people issues
E)develops a realistic and empathetic approach to dealing with employees

Question 48

A term that best describes an extraverted, sensing, thinking, judging person is

A)quiet.
B)domineering.
C)reserved.
D)organized.
E)visionary.

Question 49

Individuals who rate high in self-monitoring

A)adjust behaviour to external, situational factors.
B)have lower absenteeism rates.
C)need higher levels of supervision.
D)are more involved on their jobs.
E)thrive in routine jobs.

Question 50

Judging someone on the basis of one's perception of the group to which that person belongs is known as

A)projection.
B)the halo effect.
C)stereotyping.
D)selective perception.
E)contrast effects.

Question 51

Jane Simpson rates low on conscientiousness. You should expect she would

A)be easily distracted.
B)find comfort in the familiar.
C)be nervous, depressed, and insecure.
D)be comfortable with solitude.
E)be achievement oriented.

Question 52

People with high narcissism

A)are less likely to adapt to new situations.
B)tend to be more self-centered and may enjoy their work more.
C)tend to be less satisfied with their work.
D)tend to be more committed to their organizations.
E)generally have lower expectations of success.

Question 53

Gillian was very upset that others perceived her as lazy. This bothered her so much that she began to neglect her work responsibilities and began to spend most of her time surfing the Internet. This is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)stereotyping.
D)selective perception.
E)self-fulfilling prophecy.

Question 54

Within the framework of the Big Five Personality Factors, openness to experience is a personality factor that describes the degree to which a person is

A)sociable, talkative, and assertive.
B)good natured, cooperative, and trusting.
C)creative, artistically sensitive, and flexible.
D)calm, self confident, and secure.
E)responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented.

Question 55

If co-workers know that you are relaxed at home but become tense and anxious at work, they are attributing your behaviour to which of the following?

A)heredity
B)environmental factors
C)situational conditions
D)locus of control
E)projection

Question 56

When Jose passed the new employee's office, he was reminded of Tina, the manager of the sales department; Jose noticed that both seemed to have messy desks with lots of papers piled on them. This is an example of

A)the halo effect.
B)contrast effects.
C)projection.
D)selective perception.
E)stereotyping.

Question 57

People who show initiative and persevere are

A)high extroversion.
B)proactive personality.
C)type A personality.
D)high propensity for risk-taking.
E)type B personality.

Question 58

Self-fulfilling prophecy is a concept that proposes a person will behave

A)in ways inconsistent with how he or she is perceived by others.
B)in ways that are similar to self-interest.
C)in ways consistent with how he or she is perceived by others.
D)in ways that are dissimilar to self-interest.
E)in ways consistent with how he or she perceives him-/herself.

Question 59

Mike Jackson, one of your newest employees, is an extravert. Which of the following statements best describes Mike at work?

A)Mike will find music and noise distracting in the workplace.
B)Mike will be gregarious and can stay engaged with customers for long periods of time.
C)Mike is will engage with customers when they approach him, but otherwise will focus quietly on his work.
D)Mike will be comfortable working alone for long periods of time.
E)Mike be reserved and not easily express himself to others.

Question 60

Sally needs to choose a lead person for the team. This person must have vision, be creative and energetic as it will take great drive to complete the project on time. Sally will probably pick

A)ENTP.
B)INTJ.
C)ENFP.
D)ISFP.
E)STPE.

Question 61

Michael is

A)high in self-monitoring.
B)deep acting.
C)surface acting.
D)displaying emotional labour.
E)expressing felt emotions.

Question 62

Tonya is extremely talkative, sociable, and assertive. According to the Big Five Personality Model, this relates to her

A)agreeableness.
B)emotional stability.
C)conscientiousness.
D)extraversion.
E)openness to experience.

Question 63

Diana is often referred to as a "people person" who is very outgoing and friendly. These characteristics are known as her

A)projections.
B)halo effects.
C)contrast effects.
D)selective perception.
E)personality traits.

Question 64

A person uses emotional labour in the workplace when they express

A)their felt emotions.
B)agreeableness.
C)organizationally desired emotions.
D)narcissism.
E)emotional fluidity.

Question 65

If a manager has high emotional intelligence he will likely engage in

A)projection.
B)stereotyping.
C)narcissism.
D)self-monitoring.
E)extroversion.

Question 66

Michael's emotional intelligence is most likely

A)high.
B)low.
C)displayed.
D)felt.
E)appropriate.

Question 67

Which of the following statements is TRUE of narcissists?

A)They feel less guilt and remorse when they harm others.
B)They alter their behaviour to reflect the external situation they are in.
C)They have poor long-term health outcomes.
D)They are low key and tend to keep emotional distance.
E)They are more likely to engage in self-promotion in social media.

Question 68

Within the framework of the Big Five Personality Factors, conscientiousness is a personality factor that describes the degree to which a person is

A)sociable, talkative, and assertive.
B)imaginative, artistically sensitive, and intellectual.
C)calm, self confident, and secure.
D)responsible, dependable, persistent, and achievement oriented.
E)good natured, cooperative, and trusting.

Question 69

Ken is a decisive person who prefers structured situations and likes to control his work environment. According to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, he is a

A)judging type.
B)organizing type.
C)feeling type.
D)extrovert type.
E)introvert type.

Question 70

Which of the following is a TRUE statement?

A)High self-monitors rarely vary their responses to specific challenges.
B)It is estimated that about 25% of the North American population are psychopaths.
C)There are common personality types for a given country.
D)We should expect that most successful salespersons age have high core self-evaluation.
E)Psychopaths are never successful in the workplace.

Question 71

Samir is a self-proclaimed "hot head"; when he is angry with others, he communicates this by screaming at them. This is an example of Samir's

A)perception.
B)moods.
C)emotions.
D)self-esteem.
E)proactivity.

Question 72

Eli is a very competent worker and he knows it. People find him to be extremely arrogant and he is considered to be someone that feels entitled to special treatment. If these perceptions are TRUE, they are examples of Eli's

A)emotions.
B)narcissism.
C)perceptions.
D)self-monitoring.
E)self-esteem.

Question 73

Michael shows employee deviance by

A)being angry.
B)taking extra time in the warehouse.
C)working quickly in the public areas of the store.
D)hiding from the boss in the washroom.
E)smiling at customers.

Question 74

How would you describe an individual who believes the ends justify the means and maintains emotional distance in situations?

A)narcissist
B)psychopath
C)machiavellian
D)self-monitor
E)risk-taker

Question 75

The anger Michael feels toward his boss is

A)emotional labour.
B)emotional dissonance.
C)a mood.
D)an emotion.
E)a perception.

Question 76

In which of the following occupations is a high risk-taking personality more suited?

A)accountant performing auditing activities
B)stock trader in a brokerage firm
C)computer systems expert working in security
D)marketing representative selling pharmaceuticals
E)retail sales, men's clothing

Question 77

People who score high in psychopathy tend to

A)display their true dispositions and attitudes in every situation.
B)believe they control what happens to them.
C)lack remorse of guilt when they have caused others harm.
D)be persuaded less by others.
E)measure success in terms of their acquisitions.

Question 78

Timothy thinks nothing of berating his staff in order to get them to meet deadline; when his staff meet the deadlines, it confirms to Timothy that he is right to behave this way. Timothy's personality likely includes

A)Machiavellianism.
B)perception.
C)agreeableness.
D)extraversion.
E)emotional intelligence.

Question 79

A proactive personality

A)can identify opportunities, shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until meaningful change occurs.
B)cannot identify opportunities, show initiative, take action, or persevere until meaningful change occurs.
C)has many behaviours that organizations find undesirable.
D)is most likely seen as a follower and likely to obstruct change within an organization.
E)is most likely to guard the status quo to achieve career success.

Question 80

Which of the following is TRUE of positive core self-evaluation?

A)They tend to be work slower and more thoughtfully.
B)They can play for fun and relaxation, rather than to exhibit superiority.
C)They tend to like themselves and feel in control of their environment.
D)They are less liked by others, because of their successes.
E)They don't suffer from a sense of time urgency and impatience.