Deck 6: Biology in the Present: The Other Living Primates

Question 1

Sagittal crests are pronounced in some primates with highly developed masticatory muscles.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Anthropoid species have a sense of smell that is more developed than Prosimian species.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The tarsiers belong to the taxonomic suborder of Anthropoidea.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Primate females:

A)invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.
B)give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.
C)give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.
D)none of the above

Question 5

Unlike apes,monkeys:

A)have no tails.
B)have limbs (arms and legs)of relatively equal length.
C)have short lower backs.
D)are orthograde;that is,they walk upright.

Question 6

Primate dietary adaptation is facilitated by:

A)highly specialized dentition.
B)expanded numbers of teeth.
C)secondary dental specializations.
D)none of the above

Question 7

Precision grip is a fist-like grip in which the fingers and thumbs wrap around an object in opposite directions.

Question 8

Modern primates are characterized by arboreal adaptations including:

A)opposable thumbs.
B)precision grip.
C)short digits.
D)expanded reliance on sense of smell.

Question 9

Which of the following are prosimians?

A)baboons
B)gibbons
C)lemurs
D)tamarins

Question 10

Suspensory locomotion is characteristic of macaques.

Question 11

Primates' enhanced sense of vision stems from:

A)eyes rotated forward.
B)tendency toward nocturnality.
C)color vision.
D)both A and C

Question 12

The presence of five digits on hands and feet is:

A)characteristic only of primates.
B)the only truly distinctive primate trait.
C)characteristic only of hominoids.
D)a primitive mammalian trait,retained in most primates.

Question 13

Primates are flexible and not particularly vulnerable to habitat change and hunting.

Question 14

Primates are notable for high levels of diversity and adaptability.

Question 15

The two suborders of primates are:

A)platyrrhine and catarrhine.
B)prosimians and anthropoids.
C)pongidae and hominidae.
D)tarsiers and anthropoids.

Question 16

Because of the enhanced sense of touch,most primate species have nails instead of claws on the back of the finger tips.

Question 17

Suspensory primates generally have longer legs than arms.

Question 18

Living lemurs are found only in:

A)Asia.
B)Africa.
C)South America.
D)Madagascar.

Question 19

All primates have a projecting nose similar to that observed in dogs that contributed to their decreased reliance on a sense of smell.

Question 20

While at the zoo you see an exhibit with a small group of primates you have not seen in your textbook.However you notice they have wet,snout-like noses similar to a dog's.You tell your friend that this is:

A)a species of prosimian,because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.
B)a species of anthropoid primate,because they retain the rhinarium commonly found in other mammal species.
C)a species of platyrrhine primate,because their nostrils do not point downward.
D)none of the above

Question 21

Relative to other primates,prosimian adaptations include:

A)enlarged olfactory bulb and enlarged scent glands.
B)larger brain.
C)reduced number of teeth.
D)smaller eye orbits.

Question 22

The genetic classification for apes and humans:

A)includes three subfamilies within hominids: pongines,gorillines,and hominines.
B)uses the term "hominid" to describe only humans and their ancestors.
C)divides hominoids into hylobatids,pongids,and hominids.
D)none of the above

Question 23

The Y-5 molar morphology is present in:

A)colobus monkeys.
B)chimpanzees.
C)lemurs.
D)howler monkeys.

Question 24

The rhinarium is present in:

A)baboons.
B)gorillas.
C)ring-tail lemurs.
D)howler monkeys.

Question 25

The suborder prosimians includes:

A)only nocturnal species.
B)only diurnal species.
C)diurnal and nocturnal galagos.
D)diurnal and nocturnal lemurs.

Question 26

The typical dental formulas of lorises and lemurs is:

A)2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
B)1 / 1 / 3 / 3.
C)2 / 1 / 3 / 2.
D)2 / 1 / 2 / 3.

Question 27

Prehensile tails:

A)are present in catarrhine primates.
B)are present in most primates.
C)are present only in some platyrrhines.
D)none of the above

Question 28

Humans are the only primates who lack a sectorial complex on the premolar.This is an example of:

A)a primitive trait,because it is present in multiple species of a group.
B)a primitive trait,because it is present in only one or few species of a group.
C)a derived trait,because it is present in multiple species of a group.
D)a derived trait,because it is present in only one or few species of a group.

Question 29

Primate females:

A)invest less in their offspring than do many other mammals.
B)give birth to more offspring than do most other mammals.
C)give birth to fewer offspring than do many other mammals.
D)none of the above

Question 30

While observing primates at the zoo,you notice that the particular monkey you are watching uses its hands,feet,and tail to move throughout the trees in its enclosure.This is most likely:

A)an Old World monkey,because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet.
B)a lesser ape,because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet.
C)a New World monkey,because these are the only monkeys that live in trees.
D)a New World monkey,because many of these species have a tail with grasping abilities similar to those observed in nonhuman primate hands and feet.

Question 31

A skull with a foramen magnum (which positions the skull in front of the body)belongs to:

A)an individual that is fully bipedal,such as a human.
B)an individual that is fully quadrupedal,such as a dog.
C)an individual that is fully quadrupedal,such as a human.
D)none of the above (this trait is only observed in prosimians).

Question 32

In your primate anatomy lab you are shown the mandible (lower jaw bone)of a species of primate.While looking at the teeth you notice a large space between the canine and first premolar.In your lab book you note:

A)that this is likely the lower jaw of a human due to the potential presence of a canine-premolar honing complex.
B)that this may be a species of Old World monkey or ape,as the space in the teeth of the mandible suggests the presence of a canine-premolar honing complex.
C)that this is likely the lower jaw of a human,given the presence of a nonhoning chewing complex.
D)that this may be a species of Old World monkey or ape,as the space in the teeth suggests the presence of a non-honing chewing complex.

Question 33

Colobine primates:

A)are mostly frugivorous.
B)are usually terrestrial.
C)have specialized digestive anatomy for eating leaves.
D)are referred to as "cheek pouch" monkeys.

Question 34

The typical catarrhine dental formula is:

A)1 / 1 / 2 / 3.
B)2 / 1 / 3 / 3.
C)2 / 1 / 2 / 3.
D)3 / 1 / 2 / 3.

Question 35

Anthropoids differ from prosimians in that they:

A)have more teeth.
B)have better color vision.
C)are less dimorphic sexually.
D)none of the above

Question 36

The reintroduction project of lemurs on St.Catherines Island provided more evidence of:

A)the fact that lemurs should never be reintroduced to the island of Madagascar.
B)the fact the reintroduction programs are in fact quite simple and can likely be carried out in any circumstance.
C)the fact that primates exhibit remarkable levels of adaptability under many circumstances.
D)the fact that primates are not able to survive outside of their natural geographic habitats.

Question 37

You are reading a scientific paper regarding the relationships of the anatomical and behavioral characteristics of chimpanzees and their implications for early hominid evolution.You note that the authors refer to human ancestors as hominids.This implies that:

A)the researchers are relying on genetic classifications of chimpanzees and humans,as this is most appropriate for their research.
B)the researchers are relying on anatomical classifications of chimpanzees and humans,as this is most appropriate when looking at adaptation and anatomy.
C)the researchers are relying on genetic classification of chimpanzees and humans,hence their use of the term "hominid" to describe human ancestors.
D)both b and c

Question 38

In class your professor shows you an MRI scan of a primate brain.The professor points out the relatively large size of the olfactory bulb beneath the frontal lobe.This suggests to you that:

A)this primate shows a derived trait for an enhanced sense of smell as this trait is not commonly observed in mammal species.
B)this is a species of anthropoid because it has an increased reliance on vision.
C)this primate must be a species of prosimian,as that suborder of primates still relies heavily on the sense of smell for many aspects of daily life.
D)none of the above

Question 39

The suborder prosimians includes:

A)New World and Old World monkeys.
B)lemurs,lorises,galagos,and tarsiers.
C)great apes and lesser apes.
D)lemurs,lorises,and galagos.

Question 40

Anthropoids include:

A)monkeys,apes,and humans.
B)African and Asian apes.
C)tarsiers,monkeys,and apes.
D)lemurs,lorises,galagos,and tarsiers.

Question 41

Compare and contrast both the anatomy and the special senses of prosimians and anthropoids.

Question 42

A feature unique only to human teeth and human ancestors' teeth is:

A)the presence of a canine-premolar honing complex.
B)a canine that shows no wear on any surface.
C)the Y-5 cusp pattern.
D)a canine that shows wear on the tip.

Question 43

The initial lack of opposability of the hallux in humans is most likely the result of:

A)the need to use the hallux in terrestrial movement.
B)the transition to bipedalism.
C)the use of shoes.
D)both A and B

Question 44

Tarsiers are unique among prosimians because they:

A)are diurnal.
B)are vertical clingers and leapers.
C)have a fovea.
D)have a prehensile tail.

Question 45

The increased brain size observed in the order Primates:

A)results in extended periods of nursing and development to accommodate increasing behavioral complexity.
B)results in shorter developmental periods to accommodate the necessary energy expenditures of larger brain size.
C)demonstrates the importance of intelligence in primate evolution.
D)both A and C

Question 46

Which of the following were identified by Sir William le Gros Clark as tendencies of primates?

A)the presence of arboreal adaptations
B)increased parental investment
C)the presence of dietary plasticity
D)all of the above

Question 47

Describe similarities and differences in diet and dentition among prosimians,Old World monkeys and apes.

Question 48

A finger pad with primitive dermal ridges most likely belongs to which of the following?

A)only humans
B)pottos,lories,and other similar species.
C)old world monkeys,which rely heavily on precision-grip foraging.
D)none of the above

Question 49

The presence of a honing complex relates to:

A)molar size.
B)canine size.
C)diet.
D)human reproduction.

Question 50

Preadaptation is:

A)the series of small adaptations that precedes the more observable adaptation.
B)the use of an anatomical feature in a way unrelated to the feature's original function.
C)the use of an anatomical feature in the way it was originally intended.
D)none of the above

Question 51

Discuss at least three features of the skeleton that differ between (bipedal)humans and (quadrupedal)apes.

Question 52

African monkeys,including Miss Waldron's red colobus,are vulnerable to:

A)logging and land-clearing for agriculture.
B)hunting.
C)eagle,leopard,and chimpanzee predation.
D)all of the above

Question 53

Relative to body size,primate brain size:

A)is proportional to human brain size.
B)is more or less the same in large and small primates.
C)is smaller than in other large mammals.
D)is larger among great apes than among other primates.

Question 54

Discuss anatomical characteristics that relate to primates' arboreal adaptation.

Question 55

Describe distinctive features of primate parenting relative to that of other mammals.