Deck 10: Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge

ملء الشاشة (f)
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سؤال
Because genetic algorithms produce generalized solutions,they are best used as aids or guides to human decision makers instead of substitutes for them.
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سؤال
DSS primarily address structured problems.
سؤال
Web-based tools for videoconferencing and electronic meetings are the primary tools for GDSS.
سؤال
Structured knowledge includes just that knowledge that exists in formal documents and rules.
سؤال
Shopping bots are a form of intelligent agent.
سؤال
A decision can be said to have improved if it can be made more quickly.
سؤال
CBR is used in diagnostic systems in medicine.
سؤال
In high-velocity automated decision making,humans are eliminated from the decision chain.
سؤال
Genetic algorithms are used for generating solutions to problems that are too large and complex for human beings to analyze on their own.
سؤال
Unlike genetic algorithms,neural networks are not suited to finding patterns and relationships in massive amounts of data.
سؤال
Executive support systems focus on using parameterized reports and data mining to analyze large pools of data in major corporate systems.
سؤال
Fuzzy logic is used to express relationships very generally.
سؤال
Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems deal with structured and semistructured knowledge,while other systems are used for unstructured knowledge.
سؤال
Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.
سؤال
GDSS are designed to display data in the form of digitized maps.
سؤال
Case-based reasoning describes a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represents that description in a small number of flexible rules.
سؤال
Knowledge network systems seek to turn unstructured knowledge of some employees into explicit knowledge that can be stored or accessed by other individuals.
سؤال
Knowledge can reside in e-mail,voice mail,graphics,and unstructured documents as well as structured documents.
سؤال
What-if analysis works forward from known or assumed conditions.
سؤال
Business intelligence and analytics are products defined by software vendors.
سؤال
Operational management typically makes which type of decisions?

A)Semistructured
B)Documented
C)Structured
D)Procedural
سؤال
Simon's four different stages in decision making are,in order from first to last:

A)identification,choice,design,and implementation.
B)identification,design,choice,and finalization.
C)intelligence,choice,design,and implementation.
D)intelligence,design,choice,and implementation.
سؤال
Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is an example of a(n):

A)unstructured decision.
B)semistructured decision.
C)procedural decision.
D)nonprocedural decision.
سؤال
Which phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem?

A)Design
B)Intelligence
C)Choice
D)Implementation
سؤال
The type of decision that can be made by following a definite procedure is called a(n)________ decision.

A)structured
B)unstructured
C)semistructured
D)procedural
سؤال
Which dimension of quality means that a decision faithfully reflects the concerns and interests of affected parties?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Coherence
سؤال
In a parameterized report,users can:

A)drill down to more finely grained information.
B)create their own reports based on custom queries.
C)view overall firm performance data.
D)view data according to different dimensions of the data.
سؤال
Why does improving a small,routine decision have business value for a company?

A)A small decision may have a great economic impact on the company.
B)Even a routine decision may have a "ripple" effect through a corporation.
C)A small decision has business value when added with all the other small decisions made in the company.
D)Small,routine decisions typically do not have any business value for a company.
سؤال
Which dimension of quality means that a decision is the result of a known process and can be appealed to a higher authority?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Accuracy
سؤال
Which of the following is a key problem in managing knowledge?

A)Classifying knowledge
B)Storing knowledge
C)Distributing knowledge
D)Locating knowledge
سؤال
Estimating the number of direct goods to reorder falls into which category of decision making?

A)Structured
B)Documented
C)Unstructured
D)Procedural
سؤال
According to your reading of the text,Procter & Gamble's use of intelligent agent technology in its supply chain illustrates the use of information systems to implement which of the four generic business strategies?

A)Low-cost leadership
B)Product differentiation
C)Focus on market niche
D)Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy
سؤال
Which dimension of quality means that a decision should reflect a rational process?

A)Comprehensiveness
B)Accuracy
C)Fairness
D)Coherence
سؤال
Which of the following would be a typical production report for an organization's financial division?

A)Variability of sales by region and time
B)Projected income
C)Supplier information
D)Cash flow
سؤال
Which types of decisions are more prevalent at lower organizational levels?

A)Procedural decisions
B)Unstructured decisions
C)Structured decisions
D)Semistructured decisions
سؤال
Where there is no well-understood or agreed-on procedure for making a decision,it is said to be:

A)undocumented.
B)unstructured.
C)documented.
D)semistructured.
سؤال
Neural network applications in medicine,science,and business address problems in all of the following except:

A)pattern classification.
B)prediction.
C)control and optimization.
D)generalization.
سؤال
________ decisions are most common at higher levels of management.

A)Semistructured
B)Unstructured
C)Structured
D)Undocumented
سؤال
Which of the following is not an element of the business intelligence environment?

A)User interface
B)Executive users
C)Platform
D)Business analytics toolset
سؤال
All of the following are analytic functionalities that BI systems deliver except:

A)user interface.
B)ad hoc queries.
C)dashboards.
D)production reports.
سؤال
Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes:

A)wisdom.
B)information.
C)data.
D)tacit knowledge.
سؤال
Virtually all successful expert systems deal with problems of:

A)associative data.
B)classification.
C)logic and control.
D)unstructured decision-making.
سؤال
What type of model asks what-if questions repeatedly to determine the impact on outcomes of changes in one or more factors?

A)Mathematical
B)Sensitivity analysis
C)Goal seeking
D)Forecasting
سؤال
Backward sensitivity analysis software is used for:

A)supply chain optimization.
B)historical what-if analysis.
C)goal seeking.
D)reverse forecasting.
سؤال
All of the following are dimensions of firm performance that are measured in the balanced scorecard method except:

A)resources.
B)business process.
C)customer.
D)learning and growth.
سؤال
Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?

A)Knowledge management system
B)Expert system
C)CAD system
D)Sensitivity analysis
سؤال
What are the two major types of knowledge management systems?

A)Management information systems and decision support systems
B)Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems and knowledge work systems
C)Enterprise systems and knowledge management systems
D)Expert systems and knowledge work systems
سؤال
Genetic algorithms:

A)represent knowledge as groups of characteristics.
B)are software programs that work in the background to carry out specific,repetitive tasks.
C)develop solutions to particular problems using techniques such as fitness,crossover,and mutation.
D)"learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data.
سؤال
________ are designed to have a generalized capability to learn.

A)Knowledge-based systems
B)Neural networks
C)Fuzzy logic systems
D)Expert systems
سؤال
Why is the balanced scorecard method said to be "balanced"?

A)It uses measurable dimensions for assessing performance.
B)It measures performance of more than just financial systems.
C)It assesses both the internally focussed and externally focussed business processes.
D)It measures performance along all major divisions of a firm,from production and manufacturing to human resources.
سؤال
Which of the following would not be classified as a type of intelligent technique?

A)Genetic algorithms
B)Case-based reasoning
C)Neural networks
D)Virtual reality
سؤال
________ are intelligent techniques that parallel some aspects of the processing patterns of the biological brain.

A)Neural networks
B)Genetic algorithms
C)CBR systems
D)Fuzzy logic systems
سؤال
Expert systems:

A)solve problems too difficult for human experts.
B)are based on DO WHILE rules.
C)work in very limited domains.
D)share characteristics with mainframe computing.
سؤال
Which type of information system uses data visualization technology to analyze and display data for planning and decision making in the form of digitized maps?

A)GIS
B)DSS
C)GSS
D)TPS
سؤال
An inference engine is:

A)a data mining strategy used by intelligent agents.
B)the programming environment of an expert system.
C)a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D)a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system.
سؤال
GDSS are designed to:

A)allow meeting attendees to share their thoughts in real time with their peers.
B)manage knowledge using a global perspective.
C)enable collaboration among geographically dispersed participants.
D)implement structured methods for organizing and evaluation ideas.
سؤال
Which of the following BI functionalities would you use to assess how customers would respond to a price change in your product?

A)Paramaterized reports
B)Predictive analytics
C)Ad hoc queries
D)Production reports
سؤال
To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management,a firm would most likely use:

A)CAD systems.
B)genetic algorithms.
C)fuzzy logic systems.
D)intelligent agents.
سؤال
Expert systems model human knowledge as a set of rules that collectively are called the:

A)knowledge base.
B)knowledge database.
C)inference engine.
D)inference base.
سؤال
A KPI is:

A)an industry standard for measuring performance along a given dimension.
B)a measure proposed by senior management.
C)an alternative to the balanced scorecard method.
D)an analytic technique for measuring financial performance.
سؤال
In ________,descriptions of past experiences of human specialists,represented as cases,are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters.

A)expert systems
B)DSS
C)CBR
D)intelligence networks
سؤال
________ systems help organizations manage both structured and semistructured knowledge.

A)Digital asset management
B)Knowledge network
C)Enterprise content management
D)Knowledge work
سؤال
Decision making is enhanced by a diverse group of ________,such as data mining and fuzzy logic.

A)intelligent techniques
B)expert systems
C)DSS
D)intelligent models
سؤال
Knowledge network systems are also known as knowledge location and management systems.
سؤال
Tools for the management,delivery,tracking,and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes:

A)knowledge work systems.
B)employee relationship systems.
C)employee management systems.
D)learning management systems.
سؤال
A(n)________ capability allows users to view more detailed views of data.

A)ad hoc
B)drill-down
C)query and reporting
D)metrics
سؤال
________ helps users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form.

A)Data visualization
B)GIS
C)Dashboards
D)Portals
سؤال
Virtual reality systems:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)provide simulations of walking through or manipulating a three-dimensional model or programmed real-world environment.
سؤال
________ is a management methodology that translates a firm's goals into operational targets.

A)BPM
B)KPI
C)Balanced scorecard
D)OLAP
سؤال
________ help media firms store and manage unstructured digital data such as photographs,images,videos,and audio files.

A)Digital asset management systems
B)Knowledge networks
C)LMS
D)CAD
سؤال
________ intelligence technology consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns.

A)Neural
B)Genetic
C)Fuzzy
D)Artificial
سؤال
CAD workstations:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.
سؤال
Virtual reality applications for the Web use a standard called:

A)CAD
B)VRML
C)VML
D)TCP/IP
سؤال
Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system?

A)Computer-aided design
B)3D visualization system
C)Investment workstations
D)Digital asset management system
سؤال
A(n)________ table is a spreadsheet feature that displays two or more dimensions of data in a convenient format.

A)pivot
B)drill-down
C)ad hoc
D)multi-tier
سؤال
________ is a rule-based technology that can represent the imprecise categories by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values.

A)CBR
B)Fuzzy logic
C)A genetic algorithm
D)An expert system
سؤال
Dashboards and scorecards are visual interfaces used to make firm information easier to review quickly.
سؤال
Folksonomies are user-created taxonomies.
سؤال
________ are an essential component of a knowledge work system.

A)Computer-aided design tools
B)Three-dimensional modeling tools
C)Tagging and classification tools
D)Links to external knowledge bases
سؤال
In order to search for and retrieve knowledge objects in an enterprise content management system,the objects themselves must be:

A)tagged with a classification.
B)linked to their original sources.
C)organized into relevant directories.
D)referenced by appropriate indices.
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ملء الشاشة (f)
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Deck 10: Improving Decision Making and Managing Knowledge
1
Because genetic algorithms produce generalized solutions,they are best used as aids or guides to human decision makers instead of substitutes for them.
False
2
DSS primarily address structured problems.
False
3
Web-based tools for videoconferencing and electronic meetings are the primary tools for GDSS.
False
4
Structured knowledge includes just that knowledge that exists in formal documents and rules.
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5
Shopping bots are a form of intelligent agent.
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6
A decision can be said to have improved if it can be made more quickly.
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7
CBR is used in diagnostic systems in medicine.
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8
In high-velocity automated decision making,humans are eliminated from the decision chain.
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9
Genetic algorithms are used for generating solutions to problems that are too large and complex for human beings to analyze on their own.
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10
Unlike genetic algorithms,neural networks are not suited to finding patterns and relationships in massive amounts of data.
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11
Executive support systems focus on using parameterized reports and data mining to analyze large pools of data in major corporate systems.
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12
Fuzzy logic is used to express relationships very generally.
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13
Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems deal with structured and semistructured knowledge,while other systems are used for unstructured knowledge.
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14
Expert systems capture the knowledge of skilled employees in the form of a set of rules in a software system that can be used by others in the organization.
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15
GDSS are designed to display data in the form of digitized maps.
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16
Case-based reasoning describes a particular phenomenon or process linguistically and then represents that description in a small number of flexible rules.
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17
Knowledge network systems seek to turn unstructured knowledge of some employees into explicit knowledge that can be stored or accessed by other individuals.
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18
Knowledge can reside in e-mail,voice mail,graphics,and unstructured documents as well as structured documents.
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19
What-if analysis works forward from known or assumed conditions.
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20
Business intelligence and analytics are products defined by software vendors.
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21
Operational management typically makes which type of decisions?

A)Semistructured
B)Documented
C)Structured
D)Procedural
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22
Simon's four different stages in decision making are,in order from first to last:

A)identification,choice,design,and implementation.
B)identification,design,choice,and finalization.
C)intelligence,choice,design,and implementation.
D)intelligence,design,choice,and implementation.
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23
Deciding whether to introduce a new product line is an example of a(n):

A)unstructured decision.
B)semistructured decision.
C)procedural decision.
D)nonprocedural decision.
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24
Which phase of decision making finds or recognizes a problem?

A)Design
B)Intelligence
C)Choice
D)Implementation
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25
The type of decision that can be made by following a definite procedure is called a(n)________ decision.

A)structured
B)unstructured
C)semistructured
D)procedural
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26
Which dimension of quality means that a decision faithfully reflects the concerns and interests of affected parties?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Coherence
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27
In a parameterized report,users can:

A)drill down to more finely grained information.
B)create their own reports based on custom queries.
C)view overall firm performance data.
D)view data according to different dimensions of the data.
فتح الحزمة
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28
Why does improving a small,routine decision have business value for a company?

A)A small decision may have a great economic impact on the company.
B)Even a routine decision may have a "ripple" effect through a corporation.
C)A small decision has business value when added with all the other small decisions made in the company.
D)Small,routine decisions typically do not have any business value for a company.
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29
Which dimension of quality means that a decision is the result of a known process and can be appealed to a higher authority?

A)Due process
B)Justice
C)Fairness
D)Accuracy
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30
Which of the following is a key problem in managing knowledge?

A)Classifying knowledge
B)Storing knowledge
C)Distributing knowledge
D)Locating knowledge
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31
Estimating the number of direct goods to reorder falls into which category of decision making?

A)Structured
B)Documented
C)Unstructured
D)Procedural
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32
According to your reading of the text,Procter & Gamble's use of intelligent agent technology in its supply chain illustrates the use of information systems to implement which of the four generic business strategies?

A)Low-cost leadership
B)Product differentiation
C)Focus on market niche
D)Strengthen customer and supplier intimacy
فتح الحزمة
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33
Which dimension of quality means that a decision should reflect a rational process?

A)Comprehensiveness
B)Accuracy
C)Fairness
D)Coherence
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34
Which of the following would be a typical production report for an organization's financial division?

A)Variability of sales by region and time
B)Projected income
C)Supplier information
D)Cash flow
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35
Which types of decisions are more prevalent at lower organizational levels?

A)Procedural decisions
B)Unstructured decisions
C)Structured decisions
D)Semistructured decisions
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36
Where there is no well-understood or agreed-on procedure for making a decision,it is said to be:

A)undocumented.
B)unstructured.
C)documented.
D)semistructured.
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37
Neural network applications in medicine,science,and business address problems in all of the following except:

A)pattern classification.
B)prediction.
C)control and optimization.
D)generalization.
فتح الحزمة
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38
________ decisions are most common at higher levels of management.

A)Semistructured
B)Unstructured
C)Structured
D)Undocumented
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39
Which of the following is not an element of the business intelligence environment?

A)User interface
B)Executive users
C)Platform
D)Business analytics toolset
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40
All of the following are analytic functionalities that BI systems deliver except:

A)user interface.
B)ad hoc queries.
C)dashboards.
D)production reports.
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41
Expertise and experience of organizational members that has not been formally documented best describes:

A)wisdom.
B)information.
C)data.
D)tacit knowledge.
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42
Virtually all successful expert systems deal with problems of:

A)associative data.
B)classification.
C)logic and control.
D)unstructured decision-making.
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43
What type of model asks what-if questions repeatedly to determine the impact on outcomes of changes in one or more factors?

A)Mathematical
B)Sensitivity analysis
C)Goal seeking
D)Forecasting
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44
Backward sensitivity analysis software is used for:

A)supply chain optimization.
B)historical what-if analysis.
C)goal seeking.
D)reverse forecasting.
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45
All of the following are dimensions of firm performance that are measured in the balanced scorecard method except:

A)resources.
B)business process.
C)customer.
D)learning and growth.
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46
Which of the following is a type of intelligent technique?

A)Knowledge management system
B)Expert system
C)CAD system
D)Sensitivity analysis
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47
What are the two major types of knowledge management systems?

A)Management information systems and decision support systems
B)Enterprise-wide knowledge management systems and knowledge work systems
C)Enterprise systems and knowledge management systems
D)Expert systems and knowledge work systems
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48
Genetic algorithms:

A)represent knowledge as groups of characteristics.
B)are software programs that work in the background to carry out specific,repetitive tasks.
C)develop solutions to particular problems using techniques such as fitness,crossover,and mutation.
D)"learn" patterns from large quantities of data by sifting through data.
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49
________ are designed to have a generalized capability to learn.

A)Knowledge-based systems
B)Neural networks
C)Fuzzy logic systems
D)Expert systems
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50
Why is the balanced scorecard method said to be "balanced"?

A)It uses measurable dimensions for assessing performance.
B)It measures performance of more than just financial systems.
C)It assesses both the internally focussed and externally focussed business processes.
D)It measures performance along all major divisions of a firm,from production and manufacturing to human resources.
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51
Which of the following would not be classified as a type of intelligent technique?

A)Genetic algorithms
B)Case-based reasoning
C)Neural networks
D)Virtual reality
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52
________ are intelligent techniques that parallel some aspects of the processing patterns of the biological brain.

A)Neural networks
B)Genetic algorithms
C)CBR systems
D)Fuzzy logic systems
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53
Expert systems:

A)solve problems too difficult for human experts.
B)are based on DO WHILE rules.
C)work in very limited domains.
D)share characteristics with mainframe computing.
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54
Which type of information system uses data visualization technology to analyze and display data for planning and decision making in the form of digitized maps?

A)GIS
B)DSS
C)GSS
D)TPS
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55
An inference engine is:

A)a data mining strategy used by intelligent agents.
B)the programming environment of an expert system.
C)a method of organizing expert system knowledge into chunks.
D)a strategy used to search through the rule base in an expert system.
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56
GDSS are designed to:

A)allow meeting attendees to share their thoughts in real time with their peers.
B)manage knowledge using a global perspective.
C)enable collaboration among geographically dispersed participants.
D)implement structured methods for organizing and evaluation ideas.
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57
Which of the following BI functionalities would you use to assess how customers would respond to a price change in your product?

A)Paramaterized reports
B)Predictive analytics
C)Ad hoc queries
D)Production reports
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58
To automate routine tasks to help firms search for and filter information for use in electronic commerce and supply chain management,a firm would most likely use:

A)CAD systems.
B)genetic algorithms.
C)fuzzy logic systems.
D)intelligent agents.
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59
Expert systems model human knowledge as a set of rules that collectively are called the:

A)knowledge base.
B)knowledge database.
C)inference engine.
D)inference base.
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60
A KPI is:

A)an industry standard for measuring performance along a given dimension.
B)a measure proposed by senior management.
C)an alternative to the balanced scorecard method.
D)an analytic technique for measuring financial performance.
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61
In ________,descriptions of past experiences of human specialists,represented as cases,are stored in a database for later retrieval when the user encounters a new case with similar parameters.

A)expert systems
B)DSS
C)CBR
D)intelligence networks
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62
________ systems help organizations manage both structured and semistructured knowledge.

A)Digital asset management
B)Knowledge network
C)Enterprise content management
D)Knowledge work
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63
Decision making is enhanced by a diverse group of ________,such as data mining and fuzzy logic.

A)intelligent techniques
B)expert systems
C)DSS
D)intelligent models
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64
Knowledge network systems are also known as knowledge location and management systems.
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65
Tools for the management,delivery,tracking,and assessment of various types of employee learning best describes:

A)knowledge work systems.
B)employee relationship systems.
C)employee management systems.
D)learning management systems.
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66
A(n)________ capability allows users to view more detailed views of data.

A)ad hoc
B)drill-down
C)query and reporting
D)metrics
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67
________ helps users see patterns and relationships in large amounts of data by presenting the data in graphical form.

A)Data visualization
B)GIS
C)Dashboards
D)Portals
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68
Virtual reality systems:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)provide simulations of walking through or manipulating a three-dimensional model or programmed real-world environment.
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69
________ is a management methodology that translates a firm's goals into operational targets.

A)BPM
B)KPI
C)Balanced scorecard
D)OLAP
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70
________ help media firms store and manage unstructured digital data such as photographs,images,videos,and audio files.

A)Digital asset management systems
B)Knowledge networks
C)LMS
D)CAD
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71
________ intelligence technology consists of computer-based systems that attempt to emulate human behavior and thought patterns.

A)Neural
B)Genetic
C)Fuzzy
D)Artificial
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72
CAD workstations:

A)provide design engineers with precise,three-dimensional representations of their models.
B)provide an important source of expertise for organizations.
C)allow groups to work together on documents.
D)are high-end PCs used in the financial sector to analyze trading situations instantaneously and facilitate portfolio management.
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73
Virtual reality applications for the Web use a standard called:

A)CAD
B)VRML
C)VML
D)TCP/IP
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74
Which of the following would not be classified as a knowledge work system?

A)Computer-aided design
B)3D visualization system
C)Investment workstations
D)Digital asset management system
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75
A(n)________ table is a spreadsheet feature that displays two or more dimensions of data in a convenient format.

A)pivot
B)drill-down
C)ad hoc
D)multi-tier
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76
________ is a rule-based technology that can represent the imprecise categories by creating rules that use approximate or subjective values.

A)CBR
B)Fuzzy logic
C)A genetic algorithm
D)An expert system
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77
Dashboards and scorecards are visual interfaces used to make firm information easier to review quickly.
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78
Folksonomies are user-created taxonomies.
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79
________ are an essential component of a knowledge work system.

A)Computer-aided design tools
B)Three-dimensional modeling tools
C)Tagging and classification tools
D)Links to external knowledge bases
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80
In order to search for and retrieve knowledge objects in an enterprise content management system,the objects themselves must be:

A)tagged with a classification.
B)linked to their original sources.
C)organized into relevant directories.
D)referenced by appropriate indices.
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