Deck 25: Newborn Nutrition and Feeding

Question 1

A newly delivered mother who intends to breastfeed tells her nurse,"I am so relieved that this pregnancy is over so that I can start smoking again." The nurse encourages the client to refrain from smoking.However,this new mother is insistent that she will resume smoking.The nurse will need to adapt her health teaching to ensure that the client is aware that:

A)Smoking has little to no effect on milk production
B)There is no relationship between smoking and the time of feedings
C)The effects of secondhand smoke on infants are less significant than for adults
D)The mother should always smoke in another room

Answer 1

The mother should always smoke in another room

Question 2

A postpartum woman telephones about her 4-day-old infant.She is not scheduled for a weight check until the infant is 10 days old,and she is worried about whether breastfeeding is going well.Effective breastfeeding is indicated by the newborn who:

A)Sleeps for 6 hours at a time between feedings
B)Has at least one breast milk stool every 24 hours
C)Gains 1 to 2 ounces per week
D)Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Answer 2

Has at least six to eight wet diapers per day

Question 3

The best reason for recommending formula over breastfeeding is:

A)The mother has a medical condition or is taking drugs that could be passed along to the infant via breast milk
B)The mother lacks confidence in her ability to breastfeed
C)Other family members or care providers also need to feed the baby
D)The mother sees bottle feeding as more convenient

Answer 3

The mother has a medical condition or is taking drugs that could be passed along to the infant via breast milk

Question 4

A breastfeeding woman develops engorged breasts at 3 days postpartum.What action will help this woman achieve her goal of reducing the engorgement? The woman:

A)Skips feedings to let her sore breasts rest
B)Avoids using a breast pump
C)Breastfeeds her infant every 2 hours
D)Reduces her fluid intake for 24 hours

Question 5

At a 2-month well-baby examination,it was discovered that a breastfed infant had only gained 10 ounces in the past 4 weeks.The mother and the nurse agree that in order to gain weight faster,the infant needs to:

A)Begin solid foods
B)Have a bottle of formula after every feeding
C)Add at least one extra breastfeeding session every 24 hours
D)Start iron supplements

Question 6

A primiparous woman is delighted with her newborn son and wants to begin breastfeeding as soon as possible.The nurse can facilitate the infant's correct latch-on by helping the woman hold the infant:

A)With his arms folded together over his chest
B)Curled up in a fetal position
C)With his head cupped in her hand
D)With his head and body in alignment

Question 7

A new mother wants to be sure that she is meeting her daughter's needs while feeding her commercially prepared infant formula.The nurse should evaluate the mother's knowledge about appropriate infant care.The mother meets her child's needs when she:

A)Adds rice cereal to her formula at 2 weeks of age to ensure adequate nutrition
B)Warms the bottles using a microwave oven
C)Burps her infant during and after the feeding as needed
D)Refrigerates any leftover formula for the next feeding

Question 8

Parents have been asked by the neonatologist to provide breast milk for their newborn son,who was born prematurely at 32 weeks of gestation.The nurse who instructs them about pumping,storing,and transporting the milk needs to assess their knowledge of lactation.What statement is valid?

A)A premature infant more easily digests breast milk than formula.
B)A glass of wine just before pumping will help reduce stress and anxiety.
C)The mother should only pump as much as the infant can drink.
D)The mother should pump every 2 to 3 hours,including during the night.

Question 9

According to the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)on infant nutrition:

A)Infants should be given only human milk for the first 6 months of life
B)Infants fed on formula should be started on solid food sooner than breastfed infants
C)If infants are weaned from breast milk before 12 months,they should receive cow's milk,not formula
D)After 6 months,mothers should shift from breast milk to cow's milk

Question 10

Nurses should be able to tell breastfeeding mothers that all of these are signs that the infant has latched on correctly to her breast except:

A)She feels a firm tugging sensation on her nipples but not pinching or pain
B)The baby sucks with cheeks rounded,not dimpled
C)The baby's jaw glides smoothly with sucking
D)The baby's nostrils become occluded

Question 11

A new mother recalls from prenatal class that she should try to feed her newborn daughter when she exhibits feeding readiness cues rather than waiting until her infant is crying frantically.Based on this information,this woman should feed her infant about every 2 1/2 to 3 hours when she:

A)Waves her arms in the air
B)Makes sucking motions
C)Has hiccups
D)Stretches her legs out straight

Question 12

With regard to the nutrient needs of breastfed and formula-fed infants,nurses should be aware that:

A)Breastfed infants need extra water in hot climates
B)During the first 3 months breastfed infants consume more energy than formula-fed infants
C)Breastfeeding infants should receive oral vitamin D drops daily during at least the first 2 months
D)Vitamin K injections at birth are not needed for infants fed on specially enriched formula

Question 13

A nurse is discussing storage of breast milk with a mother whose infant is preterm and in the special care unit.What statement indicates that the mother needs additional teaching?

A)"I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 months."
B)"I can store my breast milk in the freezer for 3 months."
C)"I can store my breast milk at room temperature for 4 hours."
D)"I can store my breast milk in the refrigerator for 3 to 5 days."

Question 14

All parents are entitled to a birthing environment in which breastfeeding is promoted and supported.The Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative endorsed by the World Health Organization (WHO)and UNICEF was founded to encourage institutions to offer optimal levels of care for lactating mothers.Which is not one of the "Ten Steps to Successful Breastfeeding for Hospitals?"

A)Give newborns no food or drink other than breast milk.
B)Have a written breastfeeding policy that is communicated to all staff.
C)Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within one half hour of birth.
D)Give artificial teats or pacifiers as necessary.

Question 15

With regard to the special qualities of human breast milk,nurses should be aware that:

A)Frequent feedings during predictable growth spurts stimulate increased milk production
B)The milk of preterm mothers is the same as the milk of mothers who gave birth at term
C)The milk at the beginning of the feeding is the same as the milk at the end of the feeding
D)Colostrum is an early,less concentrated,less rich version of mature milk

Question 16

A pregnant woman wants to breastfeed her infant;however,her husband is not convinced that there are any scientific reasons to do so.The nurse can give the couple printed information comparing breastfeeding and bottle feeding.Which statement is true? Bottle feeding using commercially prepared infant formulas:

A)Increases the risk that the infant will develop allergies
B)Helps the infant sleep through the night
C)Ensures that the infant is getting iron in a form that is easily absorbed
D)Requires that multivitamin supplements be given to the infant

Question 17

The process whereby parents awaken the infant to feed every 3 hours during the day and at least every 4 hours at night is:

A)Known as demand feeding
B)Necessary during the first 24 to 48 hours after birth
C)Used to set up the supply-meets-demand system
D)A way to control cluster feeding

Question 18

A nurse providing couplet care should understand that nipple confusion results when:

A)Breastfeeding babies receive supplementary bottle feedings
B)The baby is weaned too abruptly
C)Pacifiers are used before breastfeeding is established
D)Twins are breastfed together

Question 19

What statement concerning the benefits or limitations of breastfeeding is not accurate?

A)Breast milk changes over time to meet changing needs as infants grow.
B)Long-term studies have shown that the benefits of breast milk continue after the infant is weaned.
C)Breast milk/breastfeeding may enhance cognitive development.
D)Breastfeeding increases the risk of childhood obesity.

Question 20

With regard to basic care of the breastfeeding mother,nurses should be able to advise her that she:

A)Will need an extra 1000 calories a day to maintain energy and produce milk
B)Can go back to prepregnancy consumption patterns of any drinks as long as she gets enough calcium
C)Should avoid trying to lose large amounts of weight
D)Must avoid exercising because it is too fatiguing

Question 21

Examples of appropriate techniques to wake a sleepy infant for breastfeeding include (choose all that apply):

A)Unwrap the infant
B)Change the diaper
C)Talk to the infant
D)Slap the infant's hands and feet
E)Apply a cold towel to the infant's abdomen

Question 22

A nurse is discussing the signs and symptoms of mastitis with a mother who is breastfeeding.What signs and symptoms should the nurse include in her discussion? Choose all that apply.

A)Breast tenderness
B)Warmth in the breast
C)An area of redness on the breast often resembling the shape of a pie wedge
D)A small white blister on the tip of the nipple
E)Fever and flulike symptoms

Question 23

A woman who recently arrived from Africa insists on feeding her infant honey prior to her milk coming in.This statement leads the nurse to believe that the woman should receive further education on infant feeding practices.Is this statement true or false?

Question 24

A newborn weight loss of _____% in a breastfeeding infant during the first 3 days of life should be investigated.Most often the excessive weight loss is associated with poor breastfeeding techniques.

Question 25

The size of the mother's breasts is an accurate indicator of their ability to produce milk.Is this statement true or false?