Deck 14: Foreign Policy

Question 1

Which of the following is an example of deterrence?

A)The United States organizes a global conference to negotiate a treaty formally renouncing warfare between states.
B)The United States moves to attack the Soviet Union,believing that the Soviet Union is contemplating hostile action.
C)The United States moves to increase the size of the military to discourage attack.
D)The United States avoids permanent alliances with foreign powers by remaining neutral.
E)The United States moves to promote security by establishing trade relations with another country.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The security policy developed by the United States in the aftermath of World War II is known as

A)isolationism.
B)appeasement.
C)preemption.
D)deterrence.
E)bimetallism.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A terrorist group is an example of a(n)

A)isolationist group.
B)appeasement group.
C)security actor.
D)interest group.
E)non-state actor.

Answer 3

E

Question 4

The era of confrontation with the former Soviet Union is known as the

A)Hundred Years' War.
B)Soviet War.
C)Silent War.
D)Third World War.
E)Cold War.

Question 5

The global war on terror is an expression of which of the following foreign policies?

A)nation-state
B)multilateralism
C)terrorism
D)appeasement
E)preemption

Question 6

The foreign policy based on the idea that the United States should take preemptive action against threats to its national security is known as the __________ doctrine.

A)Bush
B)Ford
C)Carter
D)Reagan
E)Obama

Question 7

What is the most important international organization for promoting free trade?

A)WTO
B)G-8
C)FIFA
D)IMF
E)NAFTA

Question 8

Security encompasses all of the following EXCEPT ensuring

A)ample food supplies.
B)adequate transportation infrastructure.
C)ample energy sources.
D)cultural preservation.
E)cyber security.

Question 9

Which term describes the desire to avoid involvement in the affairs of other nations?

A)unilateralism
B)uniformity
C)isolationism
D)solitarism
E)deterrence

Question 10

The Monroe Doctrine is based on which of the following principles?

A)appeasement
B)isolationism
C)deterrence
D)prevention
E)preemption

Question 11

The oft-discussed notion from the Cold War that the United States should attack the Soviet Union before the Soviet Union attacks the United States is an example of the policy of

A)preventive war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.
E)mutually assured destruction.

Question 12

What does a policy of deterrence require?

A)making a commitment to isolationism
B)concealing the nation's willingness to fight
C)having large military forces
D)getting support for the appeasement strategy
E)attacking an opposing country before it grows strong

Question 13

The policy option discussed during the Cold War that the United States should show peaceful intentions in an attempt to placate the Soviet Union is an example of the policy of

A)preventative war.
B)appeasement.
C)isolationism.
D)strike warfare.
E)deterrence.

Question 14

An agreement to offer a trading partner the lowest tariff rate given to other trading partners is called

A)discount.
B)equal trading.
C)most favored nation status.
D)GATT.
E)lowest permissible barrier.

Question 15

In his farewell address,which president warned the American people to "steer clear of permanent alliances" and "to have . . . as little political connection as possible" with foreign nations?

A)George Washington
B)John Quincy Adams
C)Theodore Roosevelt
D)Franklin D.Roosevelt
E)Woodrow Wilson

Question 16

Another name for the strategy of preventive war is

A)prospective engagement.
B)appeasement war.
C)cold war.
D)strike warfare.
E)preemptive war.

Question 17

To many Americans,what is the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy?

A)protecting America's security
B)ensuring economic prosperity
C)promoting human rights
D)preserving the global environment
E)expanding the influence of American culture and religion

Question 18

After the 2008 election,how did the Obama administration initially respond to hostile states?

A)President Obama initially chose to step up American's military effort in Afghanistan and keep U.S.forces in Iraq.
B)President Obama renounced the Bush doctrine.
C)President Obama immediately accelerated the departure of American troops from Iraq but not Afghanistan.
D)President Obama immediately accelerated the departure of American troops from Afghanistan but not Iraq
E)President Obama immediately accelerated the departure of American troops from both Iraq and Afghanistan.

Question 19

When the United States granted China the best tariff rate it gives to any nation,it extended what status to China?

A)discount
B)equal trading
C)most favored nation
D)GATT
E)open partner

Question 20

A group other than a nation-state that attempts to play a role in the international system is also known as which of the following?

A)non-state actor
B)government
C)isolationist
D)country
E)ally

Question 21

The most important category of unofficial player in American foreign policy is the

A)media.
B)military.
C)bureaucracy.
D)interest group.
E)United Nations.

Question 22

An example of an economic interest group that has successfully influenced foreign policy is

A)the Reform Party.
B)the tobacco industry.
C)university advocacy groups.
D)dairy farmers.
E)the National Consumer's Organization.

Question 23

Which of the following is an example of an international humanitarian policy?

A)mutually assured destruction
B)protective tariffs
C)security assistance
D)petroleum agreements
E)disaster relief

Question 24

The Constitution involves the Senate directly in foreign policy making through

A)the granting of letters of marque.
B)the right to declare war.
C)the fiscal appropriations process.
D)the responsibility to receive ambassadors and recognize nations.
E)treaty power.

Question 25

The president can create legally binding understandings between the United States and another country without seeking the advice and consent of the Senate by using

A)a treaty.
B)an executive agreement.
C)executive privilege.
D)an executive order.
E)the presidential prerogative.

Question 26

The primary entrance of the Senate into foreign policy making today is its role in

A)authorizing State Department spending.
B)declaring war.
C)committing troops.
D)confirming the appointment of senior military personnel.
E)approving treaties.

Question 27

In 1997,the United States withdrew from an agreement that set limits on the emissions of greenhouse gasses from industrialized nations that was known as the

A)United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
B)Montreal Protocol.
C)Kyoto Protocol.
D)Manhattan Protocol.
E)Dayton Accords.

Question 28

The most systematic study of international trade policies and their interest groups concluded that the leaders of these large,economic interest groups spend the most time

A)lobbying Congress.
B)cultivating public relations.
C)maintaining consensus among their members.
D)pressuring major players in the executive branch.
E)hosting fund-raisers for politicians.

Question 29

The United States' promotion of human rights is

A)its top international policy priority.
B)more important than security concerns.
C)more important than economic concerns.
D)applied equally to other nations,friend or foe.
E)less important than security and economic concerns.

Question 30

A relatively small but quite influential example of a human-rights interest group is

A)Amnesty International.
B)Global Oppression Watch.
C)Citizens Against Genocide Conference.
D)World Commission on Crimes Against Humanity.
E)Human Rights Watch.

Question 31

International humanitarian policies are typically considered

A)the top security priority.
B)secondary in importance relative to international space exploration.
C)more important than security policies but less important than economic policies.
D)secondary in importance relative to economic and security policies.
E)more important than economic policies but less important than security policies.

Question 32

What would the framers of the Constitution think of the president's ability to commit U.S.military forces abroad?

A)They would prefer that states have discretion over international deployments of state militia detachments.
B)They would be happy because they intended the president to have full discretion over foreign policy.
C)They would be surprised because the military is supposed to exercise its own judgment on national security issues.
D)They would be surprised because the Supreme Court is required to rule on the constitutionality of each military deployment before it occurs.
E)They would be surprised because Congress was assigned the power to declare war.

Question 33

Which of the following is NOT an instrument of modern American foreign policy?

A)diplomacy
B)the United Nations
C)the International Monetary Fund
D)economic aid and sanctions
E)unilateral security

Question 34

The trade agreement from which the World Trade Organization grew is the

A)General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
B)North American Free Trade Agreement.
C)North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
D)Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.
E)Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Question 35

An example of a regional trade agreement designed to promote free trade is the

A)WTO.
B)NAFTA.
C)GATT.
D)IMF.
E)NATO.

Question 36

Since 1947,a separate unit in the White House has overseen the vast foreign policy establishment and helped the president make sense out of all the messages arising out of the bureaucracy.What is the name of this unit?

A)Foreign Service
B)Office of Diplomacy
C)Central Planning Board
D)Intelligence Services Group
E)National Security Council

Question 37

Who can revoke executive agreements?

A)the full Senate
B)both chambers of Congress
C)the House of Representatives
D)the Senate Foreign Relations Committee
E)the Joint Committee on Trade and International Commerce

Question 38

The type of interest group with the reputation for the most influence on American foreign policy is the __________ interest group.

A)public
B)economic
C)professional
D)environmental
E)human rights

Question 39

The representation of a government to other foreign governments is called

A)diplomacy.
B)cloaking.
C)international imaging.
D)foreign visioning.
E)projection.

Question 40

Which of the following is a major bureaucratic actor in American foreign policy?

A)Department of State
B)Department of Veterans Affairs
C)Securities and Exchange Commission
D)Organization of American States
E)Environmental Protection Agency

Question 41

What provoked the first formal mobilization of the NATO Alliance?

A)the Soviet Union's invasion of Hungary in 1956
B)the Warsaw Pact's invasion of Czechoslovakia in 1968
C)the Russian invasion of Chechnya in 1994
D)Al Qaeda's terrorist attacks against the United States on September 11,2001
E)the Libyan civil war of 2011

Question 42

The practical powers of the United Nations (UN) devolve mainly to the

A)UN General Assembly.
B)UN Peacekeeping Taskforce.
C)UN Security Council.
D)UN Charter Group.
E)UN Leadership Consortium.

Question 43

The International Monetary Fund makes loans that are consistent with the interests of the

A)world community.
B)European Union,its primary sponsor.
C)United Nations,its parent government.
D)United States,Europe,and Japan,its leading shareholders.
E)Federal Reserve,its primary sponsor.

Question 44

Unilateral sanctions by the U.S.government are usually

A)effective because of the magnitude of the U.S.economy.
B)effective because of the strength of the U.S.military.
C)ineffective because the target of the sanctions can simply trade elsewhere.
D)ineffective because federalism allows individual states to circumvent the sanction's trading rules.
E)effective because they inspire other countries to follow suit.

Question 45

Which of the following is an example of a bilateral treaty?

A)The United States enters into an agreement with Canada and most of Western Europe.
B)The United States enters into a security agreement with other states in the Western Hemisphere.
C)The United States enters into a security agreement with Israel.
D)The United States enters into a security agreement with the Philippines,Pakistan,and Thailand
E)Australia and New Zealand enter into a security agreement with the United States.

Question 46

Which international institution was established to provide short-term flow of money to help overcome temporary trade deficits?

A)World Bank
B)World Finance Institute
C)International Monetary Fund
D)International Development Organization
E)Manhattan Transfer Authority

Question 47

Which of the following is an example of a diplomatic solution?

A)The International Monetary Fund lends money to Greece.
B)The Secretary of State engages in talks with Russia to find a way to deal with the threat of Iranian nuclear weapons development.
C)The United States takes action to disable terrorist groups and rogue states before they can do harm to the United States.
D)The United States sends medical aid,food relief,and rescue teams to Haiti after the latter is struck by an earthquake.
E)The United States engages in a trade treaty with Canada and Mexico to lower and eliminate tariffs among the three countries.

Question 48

When the United States prohibited trade with Cuba under the Castro government,it exemplified the use of

A)a policy of appeasement.
B)a policy of preemption.
C)a sanction.
D)a bilateral treaty.
E)diplomacy.

Question 49

Which international institution was set up to make long-term loans to capital-hungry countries?

A)World Bank
B)World Finance Institute
C)International Monetary Fund
D)International Development Organization
E)Bretton Woods Institute

Question 50

Why do presidents tend to distrust career diplomats?

A)Presidents cannot be certain of the diplomat's political party affiliation.
B)Diplomats lack sufficient training and expertise in many instances.
C)Presidents generally do not know the language and culture that the diplomats are meant to serve.
D)Presidents are personally responsible for actions,so they prefer to send special envoys they trust.
E)Presidents are intimidated by the education and training of professional diplomats.

Question 51

Which of the following is an organization founded in 1945 that acts as a channel for negotiations and a means of settling international disputes peaceably?

A)the League of Nations
B)the International Monetary Fund
C)the World Bank
D)the United Nations
E)the Warsaw Pact

Question 52

The United States created the professional diplomatic corps with passage of the

A)State Secrets Act of 1790.
B)1792 Ministerial Ordinance.
C)Ambassadorial Act of 1812.
D)Diplomacy Act of 1893.
E)Foreign Service Act of 1946.

Question 53

What is the supreme body of the United Nations (UN)?

A)UN General Assembly
B)UN Peacekeeping Taskforce
C)UN Security Council
D)UN Charter Group
E)International House of Delegates

Question 54

The purpose of diplomacy is to

A)prepare for war.
B)promote the exchange of scholarly ideas across international boundaries.
C)sabotage a foreign nation.
D)promote national interests by peaceful means.
E)collect intelligence on the weaknesses of other countries.

Question 55

The American program to aid in the reconstruction of war-torn Europe following World War II was the European Recovery Program,popularly known as the

A)MacArthur Mandate.
B)Roosevelt Plan.
C)MacArthur Plan.
D)Truman Doctrine.
E)Marshall Plan.

Question 56

What does NATO stand for?

A)Nations Together
B)North American Trade Organization
C)North American Treaty Organization
D)National Alliance for Tranquility and Order
E)North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Question 57

Which choice best defines sanctions?

A)a loan to provide economic aid
B)a cash incentive to provide economic aid
C)permission to engage in international commerce
D)a type of treaty
E)an economic punishment

Question 58

The first collective security agreement the United States entered into was the

A)North Atlantic Treaty,which created NATO.
B)Southeast Asia Treaty,which created SEATO.
C)ANZUS,tying Australia and New Zealand to the United States.
D)Rio Treaty,which established the Organization of American States.
E)Association of Southeast Asian Nations.

Question 59

Treaties between two countries are referred to as

A)bipolar.
B)bilateral.
C)bipartite.
D)bicameral.
E)dual state.

Question 60

This facility is used to indefinitely hold people captured overseas who are linked to terror organizations.

A)Fort Knox
B)Guantánamo
C)Alcatraz
D)Fort Leavenworth
E)Riker's Island

Question 61

The United States and Canada left Mexico largely out of the North American Free Trade Agreement.

Question 62

Security includes transportation,infrastructure,and energy supplies.

Question 63

To counter new security threats posed by non-state actors,the United States has shifted from a policy of deterrence to a policy of appeasement.

Question 64

The United States supports several international efforts to protect the environment.

Question 65

The Central Intelligence Agency,the Department of State,the Department of Defense,and the Joint Chiefs of Staff have historically worked very well together to coordinate American foreign policy in the direction of a single,unified strategy.

Question 66

What is the most visible instrument of foreign policy?

A)military force
B)arbitration
C)collective security treaties
D)sanctions
E)disaster assistance

Question 67

When the United States asked the International Court of Justice to resolve a long-standing dispute with Italy over American property the Italian government had confiscated,it exemplified the resolution of conflict through the process called

A)collective bargaining.
B)jurisprudence.
C)adjudication.
D)judicial review.
E)arbitration.

Question 68

The Bush doctrine asserts that the United States will no longer attack other nations unless the United States is attacked first.

Question 69

Until the early twentieth century,the United States rejected the idea of isolationism.

Question 70

The United States generally avoids making foreign policy on the basis of economic considerations.

Question 71

The United States makes humanitarian considerations its first priority when setting foreign policy.

Question 72

Executive agreements have the force of treaties and thus require prior approval by the Senate.

Question 73

The United States supports the 1997 Kyoto Protocol.

Question 74

What major lesson did U.S.policy makers learn from the U.S.military actions in Korea,Vietnam,and Iraq?

A)Tanks are ineffective against large infantry formations.
B)The United States can succeed against guerrilla organizations with the help of China.
C)Democratic presidents are more likely to get the country into wars.
D)Public support for conflicts decreases if they last a long time without positive results.
E)The threat of nuclear weapons gives the United States a decisive military and diplomatic advantage.

Question 75

The Christian Coalition joined groups such as Amnesty International in lobbying Congress to cut trade with countries that persecute religious believers.

Question 76

In the post-Cold War era,non-state actors have generally been deterred from action against the United States by the same means that deter nation-state actors.

Question 77

The United States has a long-standing commitment to human rights and is a party to most major international agreements concerning human rights.

Question 78

To many Americans,the chief purpose of the nation's foreign policy is protection of America's security.

Question 79

The World Trade Organization prohibits bilateral and regional trade agreements.

Question 80

Preemption is another name for preventative war.