Question 1

A researcher seeks to study a subcultural,illegal,or deviant group to obtain accurate information freely without announcing his or her presence,which could alarm the population.To do so,the researcher undertakes significant risk,and engages fully with the group studied like any other group member.What research role is the researcher taking on?

A)Complete participant
B)Participant as observer
C)Observer as participant
D)Complete observer

A

Accepted Answer

A complete participant is a research role where the researcher fully engages with the group being studied, like any other member, without announcing their presence. This involves significant risk and potential harm, but it allows for the most accurate and in-depth information to be gathered. This is the best choice for the situation described in the question.

Question 2

Dr.Lucker is going to study her freshmen psychology class during finals.She announces her intention to the class.This situation is an example of&#10;A)participant observation.&#10;B)covert observation.&#10;C)complete participant observation.&#10;D)overt observation.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Lucker is openly announcing her intention to study her psychology class during finals, which means this is an overt observation.

Question 3

A researcher who reveals his or her identity and goals to a population risks that people will alter their behaviors for the simple fact that they know they are being studied.This is called&#10;A)ethical absolutism.&#10;B)researcher reactivity.&#10;C)ethical relativism.&#10;D)Hawthorne effect.

Accepted Answer

The Hawthorne effect refers to the phenomenon where individuals alter their behavior in response to their awareness of being observed. This term originated from a study conducted at the Hawthorne Works factory, where changes in work environment led to altered productivity because workers knew they were being studied.

Question 4

Social scientists have an ethical obligation to the population they study because&#10;A)they study human subjects.&#10;B)they use quantitative data collection methods.&#10;C)they have no influence on policy and law.&#10;D)they have no risk of inflicting physical or emotional harm to subjects.

Accepted Answer

Social scientists study human subjects, and therefore have an ethical obligation to ensure that their research does not harm or exploit the population they are studying. This includes obtaining informed consent, protecting confidential information, and minimizing any risk of physical or emotional harm to subjects. A similar obligation exists for researchers who use quantitative data collection methods, as they must ensure that their use of statistical tools and analyses does not misrepresent or unfairly manipulate the data. While social scientists may not have direct influence on policy and law, their research can still have indirect effects on public policy and social norms, further underscoring their ethical obligation to ensure that their research is conducted with integrity and transparency.

Question 5

Dr.Amala is introduced as an observer in a preschool classroom.Dr.Amala does not engage in activities of the class,but formally watches the children's behavior over the course of a single visit.This situation is an example of

A)complete participant.
B)participant as observer.
C)observer as participant.
D)complete observer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Amala is introduced as an observer in...

Question 6

Mr.Carson serves on an Institutional Review Board and firmly believes researchers have no right to invade people's privacy for research purposes.When reviewing study proposals,he argues that deliberate deception of the researcher's true intentions can always cause potential harm to subjects.Mr.Carson is a(n)

A)ethical absolutist.
B)reactive researcher.
C)ethical relativist.
D)Hawthorne effector.

Accepted Answer

Mr. Carson's beliefs align with those of ethical absolutism, which holds that certain actions are inherently right or wrong, regardless of the specific context in which they occur. He believes that invading people's privacy for research purposes is always wrong and that researchers should never deceive their subjects.

Question 7

A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom.The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted,with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study.The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form.This is an example of

A)informed consent.
B)active consent.
C)passive consent.
D)ethical violation.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of active consent because the researcher is actively seeking permission from the parents for their child to participate in the study. Passive consent would be if the researcher did not seek permission but simply provided information about the study and assumed that lack of response indicated consent. Informed consent would involve the researcher providing detailed information about the study, risks, and benefits to the parents and ensuring that they fully understand before giving consent. Ethical violation would apply if the researcher conducted the study without any form of consent.

Question 8

A researcher wishes to study behavior in a kindergarten classroom.The researcher sends home permission slips to parents informing them of the study being conducted,with a statement asking parents to return a form refusing their child's participation in the study.The research includes all students in the research for whom parents did not return the refusal form.This is an example of

A)informed consent.
B)active consent.
C)passive consent.
D)ethical violation.

Accepted Answer

This is an example of passive consent, as the parents are given the opportunity to refuse their child's participation, but their silence (not returning the form) is taken as implied consent for their child to participate. This method is commonly used in research involving minors, as it is more practical than seeking active consent from every parent. However, it is important for researchers to be transparent about their study and ensure that parents are properly informed about the research being conducted.

Question 9

Amelia,a sociology student,is working on her senior thesis on underage drinking.She secretly studies students at a party without informing them of the research.This situation is an example of&#10;A)nonparticipant observation.&#10;B)covert observation.&#10;C)incomplete participant observation.&#10;D)overt observation.

Accepted Answer

Covert observation, also known as concealed observation, occurs when the researcher observes without informing the participants that they are being studied. In this scenario, Amelia is secretly studying students at a party, without informing them that she is conducting research, which makes it an example of covert observation.

Question 10

A new ethical risk posed by Internet research is&#10;A)great geographical reach.&#10;B)24-hour data collection.&#10;C)anonymity of subjects.&#10;D)difficulty in screening age of participants.

Accepted Answer

Internet research often struggles with verifying the age of participants, which can lead to ethical concerns, especially when involving minors.

Question 11

Which example is NOT a reason that social scientists sometimes question the existence of IRBs?&#10;A)IRBs are more fit to establish ethical guidelines for qualitative than quantitative research.&#10;B)IRBs sometimes overstep intended purpose and limits.&#10;C)IRBs can impede the search for answers to social problems.&#10;D)IRBs help to mitigate risk of physical or emotional injury to research subjects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which example is NOT a reason that...

Question 12

Dr.Lucero moves into an apartment in a low-income neighborhood in Washington,D.C.He is interested in studying coping strategies of the working poor.He remains immersed in the neighborhood for a long period of time,watching and recording the activities of the residents without engaging in them.This situation is an example of

A)complete participant.
B)participant as observer.
C)observer as participant.
D)complete observer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr.Lucero moves into an apartment in a...

Question 13

A researcher makes his or her intentions to study a group known,and then engages fully in the group's activities.This carries the risk of limiting rapport with original members of the group and "going native," or losing researcher objectivity through identification with the meanings of the group.What research role is the researcher taking on?

A)Complete participant
B)Participant as observer
C)Observer as participant
D)Complete observer

Accepted Answer

The answer of A researcher makes his or her intentions...

Question 14

The first regulation of research that established a review by an institutional committee as a requirement for research was the&#10;A)Family Educational Rights to Privacy Act.&#10;B)National Research Act.&#10;C)Institutional Guide to DHEW [Department of Health,Education,and Welfare] Policy on Protection of Human Subjects.&#10;D)U)S.Surgeon General Statement for Public Health Service Research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The first regulation of research that established...

Question 15

Researchers who believe they have a scientific right to study any group,even if the group is not interested in being studied to further scientific knowledge,adhere to the ________ perspective.&#10;A)ethical absolutist&#10;B)researcher reactivity&#10;C)ethical relativist&#10;D)Hawthorne effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers who believe they have a scientific...

Deck 3: Ethical Issues