Deck 17: The Neuromuscular System

Question 1

What are the functional classifications of neurons?

A)dendrites,cell body,and axon
B)sensory,afferent,and association
C)upper motor,interneuron,and lower motor
D)sensory,motor,and integrative

Answer 1

sensory,motor,and integrative

Question 2

What type of information is carried in descending white matter tracts of the spinal cord?

A)sensory
B)motor
C)integration
D)afferent

Answer 2

motor

Question 3

Where do lower motor neurons originate?

A)dorsal horn of the spinal cord
B)ventral horn of the spinal cord
C)white matter tracts of the spinal cord
D)cerebral cortex of the brain

Answer 3

ventral horn of the spinal cord

Question 4

Voluntary movement is initiated in the:

A)cerebellum
B)upper motor neuron
C)lower motor neuron
D)cerebral cortex

Question 5

A neuron is a:

A)reflex pattern
B)nerve cell
C)cell that supports nerve cells
D)part of a nerve cell

Question 6

What are the two major divisions of the white matter of the spinal cord?

A)dorsal horn and ventral horn
B)descending pathways and ascending pathways
C)cortex and medulla
D)dorsal horn and ascending pathways

Question 7

In which of the following reflexes are antagonists of a joint action inhibited?

A)Golgi tendon organ
B)muscle spindle
C)reciprocal inhibition
D)flexor withdrawal

Question 8

How many functional classifications of neurons exist?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 9

Cocontraction is defined as:

A)simultaneous contraction of a mover and fixator
B)sequential contraction of circumduction movers
C)simultaneous contraction of a mover and antagonist
D)contraction of all muscles of a mover group

Question 10

Because of reciprocal inhibition,which of the following muscles is inhibited when flexion of the thigh at the hip joint occurs?

A)sartorius
B)semitendinosus
C)pectineus
D)rectus abdominis

Question 11

What term describes and explains the concept of patterned behavior?

A)gate theory
B)pain-spasm-pain cycle
C)proprioception
D)neural facilitation

Question 12

What neurons are necessary for a spinal cord reflex arc?

A)sensory and lower motor
B)upper motor and integrative
C)sensory and upper motor
D)lower motor and upper motor

Question 13

Which of the following is involved in agonist contract stretching?

A)crossed extensor reflex
B)Golgi tendon organ stimulation
C)righting reflex
D)reciprocal inhibition

Question 14

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A)12
B)25
C)31
D)36

Question 15

What type of information is carried in ascending white matter tracts of the spinal cord?

A)sensory
B)motor
C)integration
D)association

Question 16

Reflexes are characterized as being:

A)innate
B)hard wired
C)able to be suppressed
D)all of these

Question 17

Which of the following types of neurons are located within the descending white matter tracts of the spinal cord?

A)sensory
B)lower motor
C)upper motor
D)afferent

Question 18

What are the two major structural components of the central nervous system?

A)brain and spinal cord
B)cerebrum and cerebellum
C)sensory and motor
D)ascending and descending pathways

Question 19

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A)7
B)12
C)31
D)36

Question 20

Structurally,what are the two major divisions of the nervous system?

A)sensory and motor
B)afferent and efferent
C)central and peripheral
D)myelinated and unmyelinated

Question 21

Pacini's corpuscles and Ruffini's endings are examples of what type of proprioceptor?

A)muscle
B)fascial and joint
C)inner ear
D)visual

Question 22

Because of reciprocal inhibition,which of the following muscles is inhibited when radial deviation of the hand at the wrist joint occurs?

A)extensor digitorum
B)flexor digitorum superficialis
C)flexor carpi ulnaris
D)extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 23

Active isolated stretching technique uses what neural reflex?

A)Golgi tendon organ
B)counter irritant
C)reciprocal inhibition
D)muscle spindle

Question 24

Bouncing when stretching is no longer recommended because of what reflex?

A)Golgi tendon organ
B)reciprocal inhibition
C)crossed extensor
D)muscle spindle

Question 25

To which of the following factors are muscle spindles sensitive?

A)position of the head
B)the tension on the muscle's tendon
C)the amount and rate of a muscle's stretch
D)length of joint capsule

Question 26

What term describes our ability to judge our static position and dynamic movement?

A)neural facilitation
B)plyometric training
C)proprioception
D)body mapping

Question 27

The joint proprioceptor that reports static position is the:

A)muscle spindle
B)Ruffini's ending
C)Meissner's corpuscle
D)crista ampullaris

Question 28

The muscle spindle reflex causes the muscle to:

A)lengthen moderately
B)decrease in tension
C)contract
D)relax

Question 29

Muscle spindles are involved in which of the following conditions?

A)a trigger point
B)a globally tight muscle
C)hypermobility of a joint
D)chronically tight fascia

Question 30

Which of the following are responsible for directly causing trigger points?

A)muscle spindle
B)Golgi tendon organ
C)gamma motor system
D)none of these

Question 31

Which of the following are part of muscle spindles?

A)extrafusal fibers
B)intrafusal fibers
C)Golgi tendon organs
D)lower motor neurons

Question 32

The backswing in sports uses what reflex to increase the strength of the following motion?

A)muscle spindle
B)pain-spasm-pain cycle
C)reciprocal inhibition
D)Golgi tendon organ

Question 33

Which of the following characterizes joint proprioceptors?

A)Pacini's corpuscles report static position only.
B)Ruffini's endings report dynamic movement only.
C)Pacini's corpuscles report both static position and dynamic movement.
D)Ruffini's endings report both static position and dynamic movement.

Question 34

When using reciprocal inhibition to aid muscle palpation the target muscle should:

A)have its antagonist contracted
B)not be contracted
C)be strongly contracted
D)be gently contracted

Question 35

The _____ motor neuron directly controls the sensitivity of a muscle spindle.

A)alpha lower
B)alpha upper
C)gamma lower
D)gamma upper

Question 36

The muscle spindle reflex is also known as what reflex?

A)stretch
B)inverse myotatic
C)tonic neck
D)tendon

Question 37

An important benefit of reciprocal inhibition is that it:

A)can aid muscle palpation
B)improves efficiency of movement
C)can be used to facilitate stretching
D)all of these

Question 38

Which of the following relax as the result of reciprocal inhibition?

A)movers
B)antagonists
C)fixators
D)stabilizers

Question 39

What determines the sensitivity of the muscle spindle?

A)alpha motor system
B)gamma motor system
C)the spinal cord
D)sensory neurons

Question 40

Muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs are examples of what type of proprioceptor?

A)muscle
B)fascial and joint
C)auditory
D)inner ear

Question 41

The inner ear proprioceptors report proprioceptive information about the:

A)body
B)trunk
C)head
D)neck

Question 42

Which of the following reflexes usually works in conjunction with the flexor withdrawal reflex?

A)tonic neck reflex
B)crossed extensor reflex
C)righting reflex
D)cutaneous reflex

Question 43

If a person runs directly forward,the fluid in what structure is set in motion?

A)sagittal plane semicircular canal
B)frontal plane semicircular canal
C)vestibule
D)macula

Question 44

How many semicircular canals exist in each ear?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four

Question 45

What structure is located in the inner ear and reports proprioceptive information about static position?

A)macula
B)semicircular canal
C)crista ampullaris
D)Merkel's disc

Question 46

What reflex removes a body part from possible injury?

A)tonic neck
B)flexor withdrawal
C)myotatic
D)crossed extensor

Question 47

Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching is also known as:

A)contract relax
B)post-isometric relaxation
C)CR
D)all of these

Question 48

What term describes proprioceptive confusion?

A)pain
B)hypesthesia
C)dizziness
D)hypertonicity

Question 49

Contract relax stretching uses what proprioceptive reflex?

A)Golgi tendon organ
B)inner ear
C)muscle spindle
D)Ruffini's ending

Question 50

The Golgi tendon organ reflex is also known as what reflex?

A)inverse myotatic
B)stretch
C)tonic clonic
D)righting

Question 51

What structure is located in the inner ear and reports proprioceptive information about dynamic movement?

A)macula
B)vestibule
C)crista ampullaris
D)otolith

Question 52

When an ice skater spins,the fluid in what structure is set in motion?

A)sagittal semicircular canal
B)macula
C)transverse semicircular canal
D)vestibule

Question 53

What reflex acts to keep the head level?

A)myotatic
B)righting
C)inverse myotatic
D)tonic neck

Question 54

The Golgi tendon organ reflex causes the muscle to:

A)contract
B)relax
C)be facilitated
D)increase in tension

Question 55

The physical therapy modality electrical muscle stimulation uses what proprioceptive reflex?

A)righting reflex
B)flexor withdrawal
C)muscle spindle
D)Golgi tendon organ

Question 56

What is another term for contract relax stretching?

A)postisometric relaxation
B)agonist contract
C)active isolated stretching
D)dynamic stretching

Question 57

The function of endorphins is to:

A)increase muscle contraction
B)decrease muscle contraction
C)increase pain
D)decrease pain

Question 58

Which of the following characterizes muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ reflexes?

A)The muscle spindle reflex causes muscle relaxation.
B)The Golgi tendon organ reflex causes muscle contraction.
C)Both muscle spindle and Golgi tendon organ reflexes cause muscle relaxation.
D)None of these is correct.

Question 59

What type of contraction is the most likely to cause ischemia?

A)concentric
B)isotonic
C)eccentric
D)isometric

Question 60

Muscle splinting is most likely due to which of the following?

A)Golgi tendon organ reflex
B)gate theory
C)pain-spasm-pain cycle
D)all-or-none response

Question 61

Which of the following word origins means a spot?

A)post
B)macula
C)ampulla
D)endon

Question 62

Which of the following explains why often no pain is felt when fighting or taking flight,but then the pain is felt later?

A)gate theory
B)pain-spasm-pain cycle
C)reciprocal inhibition
D)cutaneous reflex

Question 63

Which of the following word origins means one's own?

A)crista
B)proprius
C)aequus
D)habeo

Question 64

Which of the following travels in slow neurons?

A)movement
B)pain
C)pressure
D)touch

Question 65

Which of the following explains why the presence of pressure or movement sensations decreases pain?

A)gate theory
B)pain-spasm-pain cycle
C)Golgi tendon organ reflex
D)reciprocal inhibition

Question 66

Which of the following word origins means bark of a tree?

A)cortex
B)medulla
C)ampulla
D)macula

Question 67

Which of the following describes how most topical balms work?

A)cutaneous reflex
B)counter-irritant theory
C)endorphin-mediated response
D)reciprocal inhibition

Question 68

Which of the following word origins means balance?

A)aequus
B)proprius
C)libra
D)ampulla

Question 69

Which of the following word origins means a two-handled bottle?

A)capio
B)in-hibeo
C)ampulla
D)macula

Question 70

Which of the following word origins means production?

A)facilitas
B)endon
C)capio
D)gen

Question 71

Which of the following word origins means equal?

A)aequus
B)libra
C)sisto
D)proprius