Deck 13: The Juvenile Justice System

Question 1

Which 19ᵗʰ century program was similar to a modern foster home?

A)The house of refuge
B)The Children's Aid Society
C)The Child Savers United Agency
D)The typical house of reformation

Answer 1

B

Question 2

What term refers to the screening of cases by the juvenile justice system?

A)Diversion
B)Waiver
C)Detention
D)Intake

Answer 2

D

Question 3

What was considered to be the main concern of the early juvenile court movement in America?

A)The protection of society
B)Furtherance of the best interests of the child
C)Protection of due process guarantees
D)Adherence to strict legal doctrine

Answer 3

B

Question 4

What is the most common formal sentence for juveniles?

A)Release to parental custody
B)Short term confinement in a private juvenile facility
C)Long term confinement in a state institution
D)Brief custody at the local jail

Question 5

Once a juvenile has been taken into custody, the child has the same ____ Amendment rights to be free from unreasonable searches and seizures as an adult does.

A)First
B)Fourth
C)Fifth
D)Eighth

Question 6

An adjustment for a juvenile is comparable to a(n) ____ for an adult.

A)Plea bargain
B)Indictment
C)Trial
D)Sentence

Question 7

Which of the following statements is false?

A)The Supreme Court has established the right of juveniles to receive due process of law.
B)Juveniles do not have the right to confront witnesses at trial.
C)Juveniles committing status offenses are not usually placed in secure detention facilities.
D)The Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 sought to deinstitutionalize status offenders .

Question 8

Which case is said to have established the theoretical basis for the chancery courts acting on the behalf of the crown?

A)The Carriers case
B)Breed v. Jones
C)In re Gault
D)Wellesley v. Wellesley

Question 9

What impact did the Supreme Court have on the juvenile justice system in the 1960s and 1970s?

A)It adopted a hands-off approach on most legal issues.
B)It adopted a conservative ideology that stressed victims' rights and punishment.
C)It adopted a liberal ideology that stressed a need for growth in program scope.
D)It radically altered the juvenile justice system through ruling that established due process rights for juveniles that rivaled those in the adult court system.

Question 10

What is considered to be the most difficult problem involving incriminatory statements made by juveniles during the course of police questioning?

A)Whether the parents have to also be advised of their Miranda rights
B)Whether juveniles can intelligently waive their rights
C)Whether the language of the warning is too complex for the average teenager
D)Whether the police officer should use age-appropriate language when giving the Miranda warning

Question 11

The approach of the early American juvenile court is best described as:

A)Paternalistic
B)Adversarial
C)Investigative
D)Due process oriented

Question 12

The juvenile court labels ungovernable, habitually disobedient, and truant children to be:

A)status offenders.
B)juvenile delinquents.
C)chancery children.
D)deprived children.

Question 13

About how many juvenile cases are processed and treated each year?

A)1 million
B)2 million
C)3 million
D)4 million

Question 14

Which of the following is a difference between juvenile and adult justice systems?

A)Discretion is used by police officers, judges, and correctional personnel.
B)The right to receive the Miranda warning
C)Community treatment as a sentencing option
D)The constitutional right to a jury trial in all states

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the recent surge in the number of juvenile detentions?

A)An increase in juvenile court cases
B)A surge in the number of female violent offenders
C)A surge in the number of cases involving drugs and violence
D)All of these

Question 16

In its most basic form, where does the decision to waiver to adult court take place?

A)Privately in judge's chambers
B)During a transfer hearing
C)During plea negations
D)During the intake stage

Question 17

Which type of case is most likely to be referred to the juvenile court by the police officer?

A)A minor dispute between juveniles
B)School and neighborhood complaints
C)Cases involving violence
D)Petty shoplifting

Question 18

In its early form, what was the burden of proof for verdicts handed down by the juvenile court?

A)Beyond a reasonable doubt
B)Reasonable suspicion
C)Beyond a preponderance of evidence
D)Absolute certainty

Question 19

Which 17ᵗʰ century English laws provided the appointment of overseers to indenture destitute or neglected children?

A)Poor laws
B)Common laws
C)Roman laws
D)Stare decisis laws

Question 20

When did the House of Refuge in New York first open?

A)1645
B)1773
C)1825
D)1910

Question 21

What happens during the fact-finding hearing?

A)Evidence is heard.
B)The offender is adjudicated.
C)A bail decision is made.
D)The case is screened by probation officers.

Question 22

Early reform schools sought to rehabilitate juvenile offenders.

Question 23

In which case did the Court hold that the waiver proceeding is a critically important stage in the juvenile justice process and that juveniles must be afforded minimum requirements of due process of law at such proceedings?

A)Kent v. United States
B)McKiever v. Pennsylvania
C)Breed v. Jones
D)New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Question 24

What stage in the juvenile justice process is designed to help youths make the transition from residential or institutional settings back into the community?

A)Intake
B)Detention
C)Disposition
D)Aftercare

Question 25

What was the legal standard for a warrantless search of a school locker in New Jersey v. TLO?

A)Reasonable suspicion
B)Probable cause
C)A warrant
D)Clear and convincing evidence

Question 26

The efforts of the child savers prompted the development of the first comprehensive juvenile court in 1899.

Question 27

Charles Loring Brace was the philanthropist who developed the Children's Aid Society.

Question 28

The child savers movement was made up of middle-class civic leaders who helped poor children.

Question 29

In which case did the Court hold that the prosecution of juveniles as adults in the California Superior Court violated the double jeopardy clause of the Fifth Amendment if they previously had been tried on the same charge in juvenile court?

A)Kent v. United States
B)McKiever v. Pennsylvania
C)Breed v. Jones
D)New Jersey v. T.L.O.

Question 30

Under the reverse waiver system, a judge can overrule a mandated waiver and decide that a youth shall be tried in juvenile court.

Question 31

Most incarcerated juvenile offenders are held for status offenses.

Question 32

What is the most commonly used formal sentence for juvenile offenders?

A)Institutionalization
B)Juvenile probation
C)Restitution
D)Residential placement

Question 33

Deinstitutionalization efforts are principally focused on which type of offenses?

A)Drug offenses
B)Property offenses
C)Delinquency offenses
D)Status offenses

Question 34

Federal courts have ruled that bail is guaranteed to juveniles.

Question 35

Under what system does the prosecutor have the discretion of filing charges for certain legislatively designated offenses in either juvenile or criminal court?

A)Direct file waiver
B)Excluded offense waiver
C)Judicial waiver
D)Reverse waiver

Question 36

Acts such as truancy and running away from home are considered status offenses.

Question 37

Which of the following best describes a recent reform of juvenile sentencing?

A)Some jurisdictions have passed mandatory or determinate incarceration sentences for juveniles convicted of serious felonies.
B)Making a concerted effort to remove status offenders from the juvenile justice system and restrict their entry into institutional programs
C)Effort to standardize dispositions in juvenile court
D)All of these represent recent reforms related to juvenile sentencing.

Question 38

Schools may search student's possessions without a search warrant.

Question 39

Most juvenile aftercare involves:

A)Parole
B)Probation
C)Community service
D)Counseling

Question 40

Incarceration in a public facility is the most common formal sentence for juvenile offenders.

Question 41

The ____________________ is the proceeding in which the court decides on the most appropriate treatment for a delinquent.

Question 42

The ____________________ is the term for first hearing in juvenile court.

Question 43

____________________ marks the final stage of the formal juvenile justice process.

Question 44

The term "agree to a finding" is used in place of ____________________ when plea bargaining juvenile cases.

Question 45

____________________ means removing non-criminal youths convicted on status offenses from institutions housing delinquents.

Question 46

When the juvenile court was first established in the United Sates, verdicts were based on ____________________ instead of on "beyond a reasonable doubt."

Question 47

Discuss the history and development of juvenile justice. Include a discussion of the child savers and their vision of juvenile justice.

Question 48

Summarize the arguments for and against retaining the juvenile court. Discuss the potential ramifications of the demise of the juvenile court.

Question 49

Discuss the factors that are believed to be significant in police decision making regarding juvenile offenders.

Question 50

Discuss the three reform efforts that have been undertaken in the area of juvenile sentencing. How might these reforms change the juvenile justice system?

Question 51

Juvenile offenders who commit serious crimes may be ____________________ to adult court.

Question 52

Discuss three problems with the current structure of the juvenile court. Can the juvenile court system sustain itself and dispense justice if these problems continue?

Question 53

In the case of New Jersey v. T.L.O., the court determined that the ____________________ Amendment applies to school searches.

Question 54

Discuss the legal rights of juveniles, including specific reference to relevant legal cases.

Question 55

____________________ were middle-class civic leaders who influenced state and local governments to create institutions called reform schools.

Question 56

Compare and contrast the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.

Question 57

Explain the four ways states allow juveniles to be tried as adults in the criminal courts.

Question 58

Discuss the shifts in U.S. juvenile justice philosophy that began in the 1960s.

Question 59

What are the major factors influencing the decision to waive a juvenile into adult court?

Question 60

An adjudication is also called a(n) ____________________ hearing.