Deck 7: Gender and Delinquency

Question 1

_____ asserts that our culture polarizes males and females, forcing them into
Exclusive gender roles of "feminine" or "masculine".

A)Chivalry theory
B)Premenstrual theory
C)Gender-schema theory
D)Power-control theory

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Rita Simon explained the increase in female criminality as a function of _____.

A)The changing role of women
B)Cultural change
C)Political movements
D)Gender identity

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The _____ is the view that lower female crime and delinquency rates are a reflection of the leniency with which police treat female offenders.

A)Power-control theory
B)Chivalry hypothesis
C)Masculinity hypothesis
D)Gender-schema theory

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In regard to gender differences, Eleanor Maccoby argues that differences are _____.

A)Based on biology
B)Based on the way kids are socialized
C)Based on individual personality
D)Based upon birth order

Question 5

The typical female usually kills with a _____.

A)Handgun
B)Knife
C)Blunt instrument
D)Poison

Question 6

Liberal feminism asserts that females are less delinquent than males because their _____ provide them with fewer opportunities to commit crimes.

A)Social roles
B)Maternal roles
C)Social-emotional development
D)Economic position

Question 7

_____ theorists suggest that girls are socialized to be passive, which helps explain their low crime rate.

A)Critical
B)Social
C)Biosocial
D)Psychodynamic

Question 8

Self-report studies show that boys are _____ times as likely to report hunting or shooting with a family member than girls.

A)Three
B)Five
C)Six
D)Ten

Question 9

_____ suggested that girls have an inferiority complex to boys and therefore attempt to
Beautify themselves and dress well.

A)David Cummings
B)Edwin Lemert
C)Robert Merton
D)Sigmund Freud

Question 10

_____ maintained that females were lower on the evolutionary scale than males

A)Cesare Lombroso
B)David Comings
C)W.I.Thomas
D)James Q.Wilson

Question 11

Once in the system, females may receive fewer _____ and _____ than their male counterparts.

A)Lawyers, benefits
B)Services, therapists
C)Equipment, programs
D)Benefits, services

Question 12

Some experts suggest that _______________.

A)Females are more left brain-oriented and males are more right brain-oriented
B)Males are more left brain-oriented and females are more right brain-oriented
C)Males and females are equally left brain-oriented
D)Males and females are equally right brain-oriented.

Question 13

Investigators continue to support the view that female delinquents have more _____ home lives than male offenders.

A)Dysfunctional
B)Structured
C)Authoritarian
D)Paternalistic

Question 14

Females are more likely to be influenced by current levels of social support than they are by their early history of _____.

A)Lying
B)Promiscuity
C)Delinquency
D)Antisocial behavior

Question 15

According to the critical feminist, _____ triggers the onset of female delinquent and deviant behavior.

A)Capitalism
B)Abusive upbringing
C)Exploitation
D)Psychological problems

Question 16

Girls may still be subjected to harsh punishment if they are considered dangerously _____.

A)Violent
B)Abusive
C)Immoral
D)Addicted to drugs

Question 17

According to Messerschmidt, in the _____ males try to emulate ideal masculine behaviors such as authoritative, in charge, and controlling.

A)Western culture
B)Asian culture
C)Southern culture
D)European culture

Question 18

The view that women who commit crime have biological and psychological traits similar to those of men is called the _____.

A)Masculinity hypothesis
B)Femininity hypothesis
C)Biosocial theory
D)Feminine perspective

Question 19

The _____ hypothesis suggested that delinquent girls had excessive male characteristics.

A)Chivalry
B)Penis envy
C)Masculinity
D)Precocious sexuality

Question 20

_____ is the primary hormone released during any kind of physical or psychological stress.

A)Oxytocin
B)Cortisol
C)Testosterone
D)Estrogen

Question 21

According to ____ feminists, females are less delinquent than males because their social roles provide fewer opportunities to commit crime.

A)Critical
B)Liberal
C)Biosocial
D)Power-control

Question 22

Females are _____ to fear that outward expressions of personal anger will hurt their relationships.

Question 23

According to the text, an estimated _____ individuals were trafficked into the United States annually.

A)15,000 to 25, 000
B)45,000 to 50,000
C)75,000 to 100,000
D)100,000 to 150,000

Question 24

The _____ theory holds that gender differences in the delinquency rate are a function of class
differences and economic conditions that influence the structure of family life.

Question 25

Haynie and Piquero found that both boys and girls who reached puberty at an early age increase their chances of _____.

Question 26

Females display more self-control than males, a factor that has been related to _____.

A)Victimization
B)Cognitive differences
C)Criminality
D)Psychosocial differences

Question 27

W.I.Thomas suggested that some girls who have not been __________ can become impulsive thrill seekers.

Question 28

_____ suggested that some girls who have not been socialized under middle-class family controls can become impulsive thrill seekers.

A)W.I.Thomas
B)Ruth Morris
C)Cesare Lombroso
D)Rita Simon

Question 29

The socialization approach holds that _____ is the key to understanding female delinquency.

A)Promiscuity
B)Family interaction
C)Substance abuse
D)Cognitive ability

Question 30

The link between PMS and delinquency was popularized by _____.

A)Ruth Morris
B)Gisela Konopka
C)Rita Simon
D)Katharina Dalton

Question 31

_____ families are those in which the husband and wife share power at home.

Question 32

_____ includes all forms of transportation of women and girls (as well as young boys) through the use of force, abduction, fraud, and coercion for the purpose of sexual and/or commercial exploitation.

Question 33

The _____ theory asserts that our culture polarizes males and females, forcing them into exclusive gender roles of "feminine" and "masculine".

Question 34

_____ theory suggests that class influences delinquency by controlling the quality of family life.

A)Gender-schema
B)Critical Marxist
C)Power-control
D)Trait

Question 35

Psychologists believe that differences in the way females and males are socialized affect their _____.

Question 36

Gender differences in aggression become noticeable between the ages of _____ and _____, when children are socialized into organized groups.

A)2,7
B)3,7
C)3,6
D)3,5

Question 37

In general, females who have higher levels of _____ are more likely to engage in stereotypical male behaviors.

A)Oxytocin
B)Cortisol
C)Testosterone
D)Estrogen

Question 38

In Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Crime, James Messerschmidt argues that capitalist society is marked by both patriarchy and _____.

Question 39

It has been suggested that as a result of _____, females are more likely to engage in aggressive behavior later in life.

A)Late puberty
B)Hormonal imbalances
C)Psychosocial development
D)Exposure to male hormones in utero

Question 40

The ratio of male to female arrests for _____ is approximately 10:1.

Question 41

Discuss the early biological explanations of female delinquency, include an example.Explain your view of this theory.

Question 42

_____ feminists believe gender inequality stems from the unequal power of men and women and the subsequent exploitation of women by men.

Question 43

Gender differences are a result of the interaction of socialization and learning, but not enculturation.

Question 44

Girls who experience an early onset of physical maturity are most likely to engage in
antisocial behavior.

Question 45

The text suggests that gender differences in development (socialization, cognition, and personality) may pave the way for future differences in misbehaving.Discuss personality differences.Do you agree or disagree with this premise? Explain.

Question 46

Janet Shibley Hyde found that men and women are basically more alike than different in critical psychological variables.

Question 47

Rita Simon's view has been supported in part by research showing a significant correlation between the________________ and the female crime rate.

Question 48

_____ involve violence against women and girls, including such acts as beating, battering, or killing, by a family member or relative to preserve cultural beliefs.

Question 49

Katharina Dalton concluded that females are more likely to commit suicide and be
aggressive and otherwise antisocial before or during menstruation.

Question 50

Discuss the development of interest in female delinquency.

Question 51

According to the text, cognitive differences between males and females start in _____.

Question 52

The chivalry hypothesis suggests that women who commit crimes have biological and
psychological straits similar to those of men.

Question 53

As a general rule males who are involved in the justice system are sanctioned more severely than females.

Question 54

The socialization approach holds that family interaction is the key to understanding female delinquency.

Question 55

One reason for the interest in gender studies is that conceptions of gender differences have changed.

Question 56

Discuss the policy shifts that may have escalated girls' arrest proneness.Do you agree or disagree with these shifts.Explain.

Question 57

Discuss the possible relationship between early puberty and victimization.

Question 58

Hagan and his associates have speculated that gender differences in delinquency are a function of _____ that influence family life.

Question 59

As a general rule males who are involved in the justice system are sanctioned more
severely than females.

Question 60

Males do better in tasks that require retrieval from long-term memory while females excel in tasks that require visual image manipulation.

Question 61

Discuss how gender differences impact the way youth are treated by the juvenile justice system.

Question 62

Explain the power-control theory.Explain your views on this theory.

Question 63

Discuss how liberal feminism has influenced thinking about delinquency.

Question 64

Discuss sex tourism and child prostitution.What is your view of this problem? Explain.

Question 65

Discuss the association between religiosity and female delinquency.Explain your view of this association.