Deck 9: Peers and Delinquency

Question 1

_____are subgroups of same-aged youths in Hispanic gangs that remain together and have separate names and a unique identity in the gang

A)Placasos
B)Controllos
C)Klikas
D)Locos

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Small groups of friends who share intimate knowledge and activities with each other are
Referred to as _____.

A)Families
B)Crowds
C)Groups
D)Cliques
ANS : d REF : p.320 OBJ :

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Jeffrey Fagan, the _____ gang is heavily involved in criminality, drug use and sales are related to other criminal acts.

A)Social
B)Party
C)Serious delinquent
D)Organized

Answer 3

D

Question 4

_____ are the individuals who control the drug distribution in hard-core drug gangs.

A)Homeboys
B)Hustlers
C)Slangers
D)Ballers

Question 5

According to the text, groups of youths who collectively engage in delinquent behavior are called _____.

A)Gangs
B)Crowds
C)Groups
D)Cliques
ANS : a REF : p.323 OBJ :

Question 6

Aggressive youth who are either greatly liked or intensely disliked by their peers are called _____

A)Controversial status youth
B)Gangs
C)Cliques
D)Status groups

Question 7

_____ refers to loosely organized groups of children who share interests and activities.

A)Cohorts
B)Crowds
C)Dyad
D)Cliques
ANS : b REF : p.320 OBJ :

Question 8

Reviews of research show that juvenile delinquent acts tend to be committed in small groups, rather than youths acting alone.This is called _____.

A)Gang banging
B)Wilding
C)Co-offending
D)Group participation

Question 9

Data gathered from the National Youth Gang Survey indicates that less than _____
Percent of gang members are female.

A)4
B)6
C)8
D)10

Question 10

Research conducted by the National Gang Crime Research Center indicates most youths join their first gang at age _____.

A)7
B)9
C)12
D)16

Question 11

_____ are gang members who belong to a street gang whose criminal behavior tends to be more individual, less organized, and less gang-directed.

A)Homeboys
B)Hustlers
C)Slangers
D)Ballers

Question 12

Frederick Thrasher did most of his research on gangs in the city of _____.

A)Pittsburgh
B)London
C)Los Angeles
D)Chicago

Question 13

A friendship _____ is considered an association with a single "best friend".

A)Clique
B)Partnership
C)Dyad
D)Duo

Question 14

The federal government sponsors the _____ to measure gang activity within the United Sates.

A)Gang Victimization Survey
B)Delinquent Youth Report
C)National Youth Gang Survey
D)Gang and Delinquency Survey

Question 15

According to Jeffrey Fagan, this gang concentrates on drug use and sales, forgoing most
Delinquent behavior except vandalism.

A)Social gang
B)Party gang
C)Serious delinquent gang
D)Organized gang

Question 16

_____ neighborhoods are inner-city areas of extreme poverty where the critical social control mechanisms have broken down.

A)Inefficient
B)Developmental
C)Disorganized
D)Alienated

Question 17

According to _____ theory, delinquent youths are loners who do not form attachments to others.

A)Rational choice
B)Social bond
C)Social disorganization
D)Strain

Question 18

Frederick Thrasher coined the term _____, to describe a group that fills a crack in the social fabric and maintains standard group practices.

A)Criminal gang
B)Interstitial group
C)Gang banger
D)Profit gang

Question 19

In a process called _____, close friends reinforce deviant behavior through talk and interaction.

A)Deviancy training
B)Social bonding
C)Clique control
D)Sports

Question 20

According to the NYGS, the most recent survey of gang membership estimates that there are _____ gang members in the United States.

A)110,000
B)250,000
C)400,000
D)774,000

Question 21

Gang drawings or inscriptions written on a wall or structure and used for gang messages and turf definition are called _____.

A)Message boards
B)Codes
C)Signaling
D)Graffiti

Question 22

Female gang members begin to drift away from gangs when _____.

Question 23

_____ was a problem-oriented policing approach that was developed as part of the Youth Violence Strike Force in Boston.

Question 24

_____ is a system of positions, facial expression, and body language to convey a message.

Question 25

The _____ view of gang membership suggests that gangs appeal to adolescents' longing for the tribal process that sustained their ancestors.

A)Social
B)Psychological
C)Cultural
D)Anthropological

Question 26

The three largest African-American gangs are _____, _____, and _____.

Question 27

_____ gangs tend to victimize members of their own ethnic group, are more organized than other types of gangs, have recognizable leaders, and tend to be secretive.

A)Hispanic
B)African American
C)Anglo
D)Asian

Question 28

According to the text, adolescent sexual activity _____ increases the likelihood of offending.

A)Without the promise of love
B)With multiple partners
C)With unknown partners
D)Without protection

Question 29

_____ pairs one probation officer with two police officers to make surprise visits to the homes, schools, and worksites of high-risk youth probationers during the nontraditional hours of 7 P.M.to midnight.

A)Operation Ceasefire
B)Operation Peacekeeper
C)Operation Night Light
D)Operation S.A.V.E.

Question 30

_____ involves forcing people to pay the gang to be protected from dangerous
neighborhood youths.

Question 31

In regard to gang control, _____ refers to one or more police officers, usually from youth or detective units who are assigned exclusively to gang-control work.

A)Gang details
B)Youth services programs
C)Gang units
D)Gang breakers

Question 32

According to the _____ view, ganging can provide girls with a sense of sisterhood, independence, and solidarity.

A)Social injury
B)Sisterhood
C)Liberation
D)Opportunistic

Question 33

Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals, often escalating into a verbal or
Physical confrontation is called ____.

A)Posting
B)Representing
C)Signifying
D)Identifying

Question 34

According to _____ hypothesis, kids with a history of crime and violence join gangs and maintain their persistent delinquency once they become members.

Question 35

_____ is/are a method of enforcement in which police, armed with arrest and search warrants, enter a neighborhood in an operation to make as many arrests as possible.

Question 36

In _____ the California Court of Appeal ruled that prosecutors must first prove through clear and convincing evidence that a person is a gang member before using an anti-gang injunction to restrict his/her right to engage in everyday activities.

Question 37

In Latino gang writings, the term rifa means _____.

Question 38

The first mention of youth gangs in America occurred in the _____.

A)Early 1900s
B)Late 1780s
C)Late 1860s
D)Early 1820s

Question 39

According to the _____ view of gang membership, kids join gangs for protection, fun, survival, and to enhance their lifestyle.

Question 40

According to the _____ view, youths are encouraged to join gangs during period of social, economic, and cultural turmoil.

A)Socialization
B)Rational choice
C)Anomie / Alienation
D)Psychological

Question 41

Youths who report inadequate or strained peer relations are the ones most likely to become delinquent.

Question 42

Discuss the relationship between peer relations and delinquency.Explain your view on the research in this area.

Question 43

_____ is now regarded by law enforcement agencies as the nation's most dangerous gang.

Question 44

Discuss why gangs reemerged.Do you agree that economic and social conditions are factors in gang formation? Explain.

Question 45

According to some researchers, gangs can be categorized by their dominant activity.Explain Fagan's four categories of gangs.Do you think these categories to be sufficient or would you add an additional type of gang? Explain.

Question 46

Asian gangs tend to far less territorial and less openly visible than other ethnically
centered groups.

Question 47

It is more common to have female membership in predominately male gangs than to have single-sex, female only gangs.

Question 48

The 18ᵗʰ Street Gang is believed by some experts to be the largest gang in the nation.

Question 49

In Los Angeles during the 1920s, the first black gang was the _____.

Question 50

Explain Hagedorn's belief that changing social and economic conditions in the post- globalization world as supporting the spread of gang activity.Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?

Question 51

The Gang Prevention and Intervention Survey found that fully two-thirds of gang members reported having members in their gang whose parents are also active members.

Question 52

When the peer group provides the social and emotional basis for antisocial activity, a clique is transformed into a gang.

Question 53

Gangs are a uniquely American phenomenon and do not exist outside the U.S.

Question 54

Explain Thrasher's, Klein's, and Miller's definitions of gangs.Discuss their similarities or differences.

Question 55

According to control theory approach, articulated by Travis Hirschi, delinquents are very attached to their peers.

Question 56

Asian gang members are known for their distinctive dress codes.

Question 57

Traditionally, gangs have operated in _____ experiencing rapid population change.

Question 58

Tossing or flashing gang signs in the presence of rivals often escalates into verbal or
physical confrontation.

Question 59

According to the text, it is possible that romantic love discourages offending by _____.

Question 60

Today, about _____ law enforcement agencies with a gang problem operate a gang unit, including more than half of larger cities.

Question 61

Gang members are getting older and the majority are now legal adults.Explain why gang members are aging.

Question 62

Discuss the anomie/alienation view of why youth join gangs.Do you agree or disagree with this theory? Explain.

Question 63

Explain the elements of Spergel's Community Gang Control Program.

Question 64

Discuss the anthropological view of why youth join gangs.Explain your view of this theory.

Question 65

Compare and contrast Homeboys, Hustlers, Slangers, and Ballers.