Deck 21: Interlude B: A Surface Veneer: Sediments and Soils

Question 1

________ is the most important factor in determining soil thickness.

A)Climate
B)Composition
C)Wetness
D)Time

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following is a type of physical weathering?

A)thermal expansion
B)dissolution
C)oxidation
D)hydration

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Dissolution occurs when minerals ________.

A)are dissolved into water
B)are turned into rust
C)absorb water and expand
D)are removed by frost

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What type of weathering has happened to the rocks in the following picture?

A)hydrolysis
B)hydration
C)dissolution
D)oxidation

Question 5

Which of the following images does NOT contain sediment?

A)Figure A
B)Figure B
C)Figure C
D)Figure D

Question 6

What type of weathering are you likely to find occurring in areas with cold climates?

A)hydrolysis
B)frost wedging
C)oxidation
D)dissolution

Question 7

Chemical weathering involves the breakdown of material due to ________.

A)mechanical breakdown of rock
B)baking in the hot sun
C)interaction with molten rock
D)interaction with water or air

Question 8

Why does the C-horizon contain little to no organic material?

A)Water does not penetrate that far into the ground.
B)The C-horizon contains toxins from the bedrock.
C)Plants and animals do not live that far down.
D)The C-horizon is saturated with water.

Question 9

Sediment does NOT contain ________.

A)fragments of shells
B)fragments of rock
C)cemented grains
D)precipitated crystals

Question 10

Soil horizon ___________ contains weathered bedrock that has not yet undergone leaching.

A)O
B)C
C)E
D)B

Question 11

Which type of weathering process is happening to materials when they rust?

A)hydrolysis
B)hydration
C)oxidation
D)dissolution

Question 12

Soil horizon ________ contains the most organic material.

A)A
B)O
C)B
D)E

Question 13

Why does physical weathering speed up the processes of chemical weathering?

A)Physical weathering requires abundant water,as does chemical weathering.
B)Physical weathering produces fresh surfaces for chemical weathering to attack.
C)Chemical weathering can occur only on small surfaces,not large ones.
D)Chemical weathering requires salt,which is provided by salt wedging.

Question 14

The following is a picture of what type of phenomenon?

A)jointing
B)differential weathering
C)chemical weathering
D)hydration

Question 15

The zone of leaching is the area in which ________.

A)weathered bedrock forms a soil horizon
B)organic matter gathers to create a soil horizon
C)minerals are precipitated and added to soil
D)minerals are dissolved and removed from soil

Question 16

The _______-horizon contains abundant sediment.

A)O
B)A
C)B
D)C

Question 17

What type of weathering is shown in the following picture?

A)salt wedging
B)frost wedging
C)oxidation
D)hydration

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT affect soil thickness?

A)time
B)types of animals
C)climate
D)vegetation type

Question 19

Which soil horizon is the most important to farmers for planting crops?

A)C
B)A
C)E
D)B

Question 20

The Dust Bowl of the 1930s was created by what phenomenon?

A)increased rainfall
B)lack of vegetation
C)increased wind storms
D)differential weathering

Question 21

Large amounts of ________ speed up decomposition and provide more organic material for the soil.

A)microbes
B)sediment
C)quartz
D)time

Question 22

Describe the difference between sediment and soil.

Question 23

If the climate in an area has very little rainfall,what would be the characteristics of the soil in the area?

A)thick,with a lot of organic material
B)thin,with a lot of organic material
C)thick,with very little organic material
D)thin,with very little organic material

Question 24

List one factor that controls the thickness of soil and describe how the thickness is controlled.

Question 25

Which area will tend to have the thickest soil?

A)mountains
B)artic
C)rain forest
D)desert

Question 26

What are the similarities and differences between physical and chemical weathering.Make sure to address both what is the same and what is different.

Question 27

A rock layer's ________ will control the thickness of the soil formed.

A)percentage of sand
B)permeability
C)time of deposition
D)resistance to weathering

Question 28

Describe how physical and chemical weathering can work together to break down rocks.

Question 29

Label the different soil horizons on the image below,then provide a brief description of each horizon next to the corresponding layer.

Question 30

Which of the following is a reason why wet soils tend to have more organic material than dry soils?

A)Physical weathering occurs more rapidly in wet areas than in dry areas.
B)Plants and microbes need water to live so they can aid decomposition.
C)Wet soils tend to be in areas with rocks that are easily weathered.
D)Wet areas tend to be near mountains with large supplies of sediment.