Deck 31: Treatment of Fluid and Electrolyte Disorders

Question 1

Intravenous solutions are used in electrolyte disorders to _____.

A)replace fluids and electrolytes that have been lost
B)provide volume replacement that has been lost
C)administer medication
D)all of the above

Answer 1

D
Intravenous solutions are used to replace fluids and electrolytes that have been lost or to provide volume replacement that has been lost through hemorrhage,severe burns,diarrhea,vomiting,or inadequate fluid intake

Question 2

All of the following are causes of edema a classic fluid imbalance condition except _____.

A)retention of electrolytes
B)heart failure
C)decrease in concentration of plasma proteins
D)change to urinary frequency

Answer 2

D
The following are causes of edema: retention of electrolytes (especially Na⁺)in the extracellular fluid and a decrease in the concentration of plasma proteins normally retained in the blood.The general venous congestion of heart failure is the most common cause of widespread edema.

Question 3

Fluids close to the same osmolarity as serum are called _____.

A)hypotonic
B)isotonic
C)hypertonic
D)serotonic

Answer 3

B
Isotonic fluids are close to the same osmolarity as serum.

Question 4

All of the following are common electrolytes measured by doctors for blood testing except _____.

A)sodium
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)bicarbonate

Question 5

Chloride is lost in all of the following ways except _____.

A)urine
B)saliva
C)sweat
D)stomach secretions

Question 6

The two major fluid compartments of the body are termed extracellular fluid and _____ fluid.

A)intervascular
B)intercellular
C)intracellular
D)none of the above

Question 7

The term hyperkalemia used when the serum potassium level is above _____ mEq/L.

A)3.5
B)4
C)5.0
D)5.5

Question 8

Electrolytes are essential to many body functions,such as _____.

A)nerve conduction
B)muscle contraction
C)bone growth
D)all of the above

Question 9

The electrolyte _____ essential for membrane structure and energy storage,produces ATP,and is an essential component in DNA and RNA.

A)phosphorus
B)sulfate
C)bicarbonate
D)none of the above

Question 10

Which electrolyte and major cation that is found outside of the cell regulates the amount of water in the body and is critical in generating electrical signals?

A)sodium
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)calcium

Question 11

Which electrolyte is a major cation found inside of the cells that is important for regulation of the heartbeat and muscle function?

A)sodium
B)magnesium
C)potassium
D)calcium

Question 12

Management of dehydration requires all of the following except _____.

A)replacement therapy with oral electrolyte solutions
B)intravenous fluids
C)water alone
D)IV fluids with electrolytes

Question 13

Intravenous fluids may be grouped into categories called _____.

A)colloids
B)crystalloids
C)osmoloids
D)a and b

Question 14

Which of the following electrolytes is present in greatest concentration within the cell and is the second most abundant intracellular cation after potassium?

A)sodium
B)calcium
C)bicarbonate
D)magnesium

Question 15

_____ occurs when too much water is drawn into the blood;it is commonly seen in people with hypoglycemia (low blood sugar).

A)Psychogenic polydipsia
B)Pseudohyponatremia
C)Hypovolemic hyponatremia
D)Euvolemic hyponatremia

Question 16

The _____ ion acts as a buffer to maintain the normal levels of acidity (pH)in blood and other fluids in the body.

A)chlorine
B)magnesium
C)bicarbonate
D)phosphate

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of an electrolyte?

A)calcium
B)magnesium
C)selenium
D)sodium