Deck 5: Civil Rights

Question 1

In Plessy v.Ferguson,a majority of the Supreme Court argued that the Constitution should be colorblind.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Brown v.Board of Education is considered by many scholars to be the most important civil rights case of the twentieth century.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The suffrage movement aimed to grant women the right to vote.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The U.S.Supreme Court consistently has found that

A)the Americans with Disabilities Act must be interpreted liberally.
B)public buildings must always be accessible to the handicapped.
C)failure to hire pilots who wear classes can be grounds for a discrimination claim.
D)the disabled can sue local governments that do not make public buildings accessible to the disabled.
E)workplaces must make accommodations for learning disabilities.

Question 5

"The little woman who started the big war"

A)refers to Frederick Douglass's characterization of Elizabeth Cady Stanton.
B)refers to Jefferson Davis's description of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
C)refers to Abraham Lincoln's characterization of Harriet Beecher Stowe, author of Uncle Tom's Cabin.
D)describes Susan B. Anthony, the author of the Declaration of Rights and Sentiments.
E)refers to Lincoln's wife, who was an advocate of war.

Question 6

The Supreme Court decision that overturned Plessy v.Ferguson in 1954 was

A)Sweatt v. Painter.
B)Missouri ex rel. Gaines v. Canada.
C)McLaurin v. Oklahoma.
D)Brown v. Board of Education.
E)Brown v. Board of Education II.

Question 7

The Missouri Compromise of 1820 eliminated tensions over slavery.

Question 8

________ is the largest Hispanic group in the United States.

A)The Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund
B)The Puerto Rican Legal Defense and Education Fund
C)The League of United Latin American Citizens
D)The Council of Hispanics
E)The Hispanic Anti-Discrimination and Defamation Council

Question 9

Women finally received the right to vote in 1920 through the ________ Amendment.

A)Nineteenth
B)Twenty-First
C)Twenty-Second
D)Twenty-Third
E)Twenty-Fifth

Question 10

The Thirteenth,Fourteenth,and Fifteenth Amendments are collectively known as the

A)Civil Liberties Amendments.
B)Bill of Rights.
C)Susan B. Anthony Amendments.
D)Frederick Douglass Amendments.
E)Civil War Amendments.

Question 11

The first major affirmative action heard and decided on its merits by the U.S.Supreme Court was

A)Defunis v. Odegaard.
B)Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.
C)Tennessee v. Lane.
D)Brown v. Board of Education.
E)Grutter v. Bollinger.

Question 12

Among the most prominent people in the abolition movement was

A)Martin Luther King, Jr.
B)Thurgood Marshall.
C)Thomas Jefferson.
D)Rosa Parks.
E)William Lloyd Garrison.

Question 13

A hallmark of the Reverend Martin Luther King,Jr.'s strategy to achieve equality was

A)the use of illegal marches.
B)nonviolence.
C)working with women's groups such as the National Organization for Women.
D)sit-ins.
E)nationally televised speeches.

Question 14

American Indians

A)were the first U.S. citizens.
B)were not made U.S. citizens until 1924.
C)negotiated land rights for citizenship.
D)enjoy more religious protections than other racial minorities.
E)have made no attempt to become involved in the political process.

Question 15

The Equal Rights Amendment provided

A)that all states guarantee equal rights to all women.
B)that no state or Congress could deny or abridge equal rights on account of sex.
C)that equality for women included the right to an abortion.
D)that equal rights were a federal issue.
E)that women be paid equal pay for equal work.

Question 16

Most of the former Confederate states passed Black Codes to restrict opportunities for newly freed slaves.

Question 17

Laws that denied most legal rights to newly freed slaves and prohibited blacks from voting,sitting on juries,or appearing in public places after the Civil War in the South were known as

A)Jim Crow laws.
B)carpet-bagging.
C)abolitionism.
D)Black Codes.
E)scalawag laws.

Question 18

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A)abolished slavery.
B)kept slavery legal south of 36 degrees latitude.
C)was opposed by the World Anti-Slavery Society.
D)allowed freedmen to go to Liberia.
E)required Missouri to become a free state.

Question 19

In Plessy v.Ferguson,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal"

A)was constitutional by a 5-4 vote.
B)was unconstitutional by a 5-4 vote.
C)was unconstitutional by an 8-1 vote.
D)was constitutional by an 8-1 vote.
E)was constitutional by a 9-0 vote.

Question 20

Former slaves were granted citizenship as well as the privileges and immunities thereof,and states were barred from depriving anyone of life,liberty,or property without due process of law through the ________ Amendment.

A)Twelfth
B)Thirteenth
C)Fourteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Seventeenth

Question 21

In the George W.Bush administration,key priorities of the Civil Rights Division included

A)race, sex, and religious discrimination.
B)religious discrimination and sex trafficking.
C)voting rights and sex trafficking.
D)voting rights, race, and sex discrimination.
E)immigration and deportation.

Question 22

When President George W.Bush took office in 2001,

A)he directed his attorney general to make race and sex discrimination enforcement a priority.
B)a record number of career lawyers in the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division resigned over disagreements with enforcement policies.
C)federal attorneys were assigned additional religious discrimination cases.
D)he urged Congress to expand civil rights protections.
E)he abolished the Department of Justice's Civil Rights Division.

Question 23

The Emancipation Proclamation

A)freed all slaves.
B)limited slave ownership in the North.
C)limited slave ownership in the West.
D)pardoned Southerners who fought against the Union.
E)freed all slaves in the Confederacy.

Question 24

One of the most significant difficulties for Asian-Pacific Americans has been finding a Pan-Asian identity.

Question 25

The Seneca Falls Convention was

A)called to draw additional attention to slavery.
B)called to help implement the Missouri Compromise.
C)a meeting in preparation for the World Anti-Slavery Society convention.
D)held to discuss the civil and political rights of women.
E)actually held in the city of New York.

Question 26

Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee is the Native American equivalent of Uncle Tom's Cabin.

Question 27

Abolitionists worked toward

A)ending slavery.
B)abolishing suffrage limits for women.
C)continuing the slave trade.
D)the emancipation of women.
E)eliminating discrimination for all Americans.

Question 28

Among the provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was a prohibition on arbitrary discrimination in employment.

Question 29

In Hernandez v.Texas,the Court ruled unanimously that Mexican Americans were entitled to a jury that included other Mexican Americans.

Question 30

The George W.Bush administration ended the "Don't Ask,Don't Tell" Policy.

Question 31

Black Codes permitted local law enforcement officials to
I)arrest unemployed blacks.
II)fine blacks for vagrancy.
III)hire out some blacks so they could pay their fines for vagrancy.
IV)allow black men to vote.

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and IV
D)I, II, and III
E)II, III, and IV

Question 32

Slavery was banned by the ________ Amendment.

A)Twelfth
B)Thirteenth
C)Fourteenth
D)Fifteenth
E)Sixteenth

Question 33

The World Anti-Slavery Society refused to

A)admit Frederick Douglass as a member.
B)admit more than 200,000 members.
C)accept women's demands for equality.
D)react to the Missouri Compromise.
E)seat black delegates to its convention.

Question 34

The first time Congress overrode a presidential veto occurred with the

A)Civil Rights Act of 1866.
B)Missouri Compromise.
C)Black Codes.
D)Emancipation Proclamation.
E)Jim Crow laws.

Question 35

________ was the first major national crisis over slavery.

A)Shays's Rebellion
B)The Missouri Compromise
C)Dred Scott v. Sandford
D)The Niagara Movement
E)The Seneca Falls Convention

Question 36

Why did the World Anti-Slavery Society MOST likely refuse to accept women's demands for equality?

A)They felt like women had not worked hard enough for equality.
B)No women had sought to join forces with the organization.?
C)Women were seen largely as racist.
D)Members of the organization feared that fighting for both African Americans' and women's rights would be too ambitious of a goal to attain.
E)Women already had more rights than African Americans, such as the right to vote.

Question 37

In Dred Scott v.Sandford,the U.S.Supreme Court ruled that slaves were

A)not to be counted the same as whites when counting state population.
B)not U.S. citizens.
C)U)S. citizens.
D)prohibited in the North.
E)allowed to bring suits in federal courts.

Question 38

The Missouri Compromise of 1820

A)provided that all new states would be admitted in pairs: one free state and one slave state.
B)prohibited slave trading but allowed slavery to continue in existing areas.
C)was found to be unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
D)eliminated tensions over the slavery issue.
E)was followed shortly thereafter by passage of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 39

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits employment that discriminates based on

A)race, national origin, and pregnancy.
B)race, creed, color, and religion.
C)color, alienage, sex, and religion.
D)race, sex, religion, and wealth.
E)religion and sex only.

Question 40

Over time,Congress has added _________ to the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
I)pregnancy
II)sexual orientation
III)disability
IV)educational attainment

A)I only
B)II and III
C)I and III
D)I, II, and III
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 41

The NAACP began its litigation strategy to end segregation by challenging segregation in

A)public accommodations.
B)elementary schools.
C)private housing projects.
D)employment.
E)law and graduate schools.

Question 42

In 1955,a number of African American leaders,including the Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.,founded the ________ to help continue the Montgomery Bus Boycott.

A)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
B)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
C)Congress of Racial Equality
D)Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
E)Montgomery Civil Improvement Association.

Question 43

The Supreme Court's rulings in the Civil Rights Cases collectively resulted in

A)greater state enforcement of federal civil rights laws.
B)passage of the Thirteenth Amendment.
C)an expanded interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment.
D)serious limitations on the scope of the Civil Rights Amendments.
E)passage of the Fifteenth Amendment.

Question 44

Why was the Civil Rights Act of 1866 passed?

A)It superseded state Black Codes.
B)It gave women the right to vote.
C)It banned slavery.?
D)It ended the Civil War.
E)President Johnson urged its passage.

Question 45

The Supreme Court,until 1900,repeatedly

A)supported the Civil War Amendments.
B)altered the interpretation of the Civil War Amendments.
C)expanded the interpretation of the Civil War Amendments.
D)nullified the intent of the Civil War Amendments.
E)ruled that each amendment was unconstitutional.

Question 46

In 1955,the Montgomery bus boycott began after ________ refused to give up his/her seat on a public bus.

A)Rosa Parks
B)Linda Brown
C)W)E.B. DuBois
D)Martin Luther King, Jr.
E)Thurgood Marshall

Question 47

In ________,the Supreme Court found that segregation of rail transportation was constitutional because separate but equal accommodations did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

A)Civil Rights Cases
B)Slaughterhouse Cases
C)Plessy v. Ferguson
D)Bradwell v. Illinois
E)Brown v. Board of Education

Question 48

________ led one of the longest filibusters in U.S.history in an effort to block passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

A)Jesse Helms
B)Robert C. Byrd
C)Lyndon B. Johnson
D)Strom Thurmond
E)Richard B. Russell

Question 49

Race neutral laws enacted by southern states that resulted in segregation by race included
I)Black Codes.
II)poll taxes.
III)Jim Crow laws.
IV)grandfather clauses.

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)III and IV
D)I and IV
E)II and IV

Question 50

The existence of two schools on opposite sides of town-one for Caucasian students and the other for African American students-would have been deemed constitutional after the Supreme Court's ruling in which of the following cases?
?

A)Plessy v. Ferguson
B)Brown v. Board of Education
C)Civil Rights Cases
D)Bradwell v. Illinois
E)Reed v. Reed

Question 51

President Dwight D.Eisenhower was forced to ________ to protect African American students seeking entry into Central High School in Little Rock,Arkansas.

A)order the governor to allow students to attend the school
B)send federal troops to Little Rock
C)order a federal judge to issue an injunction
D)jail the governor for contempt
E)seek congressional assistance

Question 52

The Fifteenth Amendment guarantees right to vote regardless of
I)race.
II)sex.
III)color.
IV)previous condition of servitude.

A)I and III
B)I, II, and III
C)II, III, and IV
D)I, III, and IV
E)I, II, and IV

Question 53

Among the reasons women first became involved in the 1960s women's rights movement was their
I)work in the student protest movement.
II)work in the civil rights movement.
III)awareness of the lax enforcement of the Nineteenth Amendment.
IV)recognition of the need for an ERA.

A)I only
B)IV only
C)I and II
D)II and IV
E)II, III, and IV

Question 54

________ was at the top of President Lyndon B.Johnson's legislative priorities.

A)Women's rights
B)Reforming welfare
C)Civil rights
D)Economic policy
E)Voting rights

Question 55

As president,________ had his administration file an amicus curiae brief in Brown v.Board of Education and issue an executive order desegregating the military.

A)Franklin D. Roosevelt
B)Harry S Truman
C)Dwight D. Eisenhower
D)Jimmy Carter
E)John F. Kennedy

Question 56

In 1905,W.E.B.Du Bois met with other African Americans in Niagara Falls,Ontario,Canada,to

A)found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
B)advance the cause of African Americans through the Niagara Movement.
C)meet in the only place that would allow whites and blacks to meet.
D)create a lobbying strategy for the woman suffrage amendment.
E)propose a new anti-discrimination constitutional amendment.

Question 57

After the Montgomery Bus Boycott,college students
I)began to join the Southern Christian Leadership Conference.
II)turned their attention to protect women's rights.
III)began to use sit-ins as a protest tactic.
IV)formed the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.

A)I and II
B)II and III
C)III and IV
D)II and IV
E)II, III, and IV

Question 58

The suffrage movement

A)promoted broad social issues.
B)had racist overtones.
C)promoted voting rights for blacks.
D)advocated equal rights for women.
E)led to passage of the Eighteenth Amendment.

Question 59

Thurgood Marshall was the first head of the

A)National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
B)Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee.
C)National Urban League.
D)NAACP Legal Defense and Education Fund.
E)Texas State University for Negroes.

Question 60

Why did the NAACP MOST likely begin its test case litigation strategy in law schools?

A)They envisioned a top-down strategy.
B)The lawyers felt that targeting law schools would make the cases easier for judges to understand and thus easier to win.
C)Law schools had more discriminatory policies than other educational institutions.
D)Law schools were high profile institutions.
E)Most of the NAACP lawyers took the discrimination they felt in law school personally.

Question 61

________ was the driving force behind the Supreme Court's holding that gender-based discrimination violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

A)Ruth Bader Ginsburg
B)Sandra Day O'Connor
C)Hillary Rodham Clinton
D)The NAACP
E)NOW

Question 62

Allegations of state-sanctioned sex discrimination are judged using

A)the rational basis test.
B)strict scrutiny.
C)the intermediate standard of review.
D)the suspect classifications test.
E)the rational-intermediate test.

Question 63

A boy who attends a boys-only public school seeks to enroll in a home economics course that is only offered at the girls-only school.His family sues the school system so he can attend the girls' school.Imagine the case goes before the Supreme Court.What standard of review would the Court MOST likely use to examine this purported discrimination?

A)Minimum rationality standard
B)Intermediate standard
C)Strict scrutiny
D)Maximum standard
E)Rational basis review

Question 64

Distinctions based on which of the following classifications are MOST likely to receive strict scrutiny?

A)Race
B)Gender
C)Age
D)Sexual preference
E)Wealth

Question 65

As early as 1937,the U.S.Supreme Court decided that

A)fundamental rights should be subject to a higher standard of review.
B)there should be three standards of review when examining state civil rights infringements.
C)some unpopular rights such as homosexuality would never be constitutionality protected.
D)all rights should be subject to the same level of consideration.
E)race should be subject to the rational basis test.

Question 66

Which of these discriminatory practices has the Supreme Court declared illegal?

A)Male-only draft registration
B)Rape laws that apply only to female victims
C)Single-sex public nursing schools
D)Male-only alimony laws
E)State restrictions on same-sex marriage

Question 67

The Equal Rights Amendment failed in

A)1972, when Congress failed to approve it.
B)1979, when Congress refused to extend the deadline for its ratification.
C)1982, when it fell three states short of the required number of states necessary for ratification.
D)1985, when President Ronald Reagan issued an executive order ending the ratification period.
E)1992, when it fell six states short of the required number of states required for ratification.

Question 68

________,which was founded in 1968,borrowed many of its tactics from the black civil rights movement.

A)The National Council of La Raza
B)The United Farm Workers Union
C)Hispanic Women United
D)The Hispanic American Legal Defense and Education Fund
E)The League of Cuban American Citizens

Question 69

Initially,most of the efforts of the National Organization for Women were directed at

A)gaining equality for women.
B)equal pay for women.
C)ending television and print ads that promoted sexual stereotypes.
D)working with the NAACP to end discrimination for women and racial minorities.
E)helping women to win election to state and federal office.

Question 70

The only officially bilingual state is

A)Florida.
B)New Mexico.
C)Arizona.
D)Texas.
E)California.

Question 71

The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was used to

A)establish public education for American Indians.
B)eliminate any idea that Indians had property rights.
C)curtail expansion westward into Indian lands.
D)justify what some call "genocide-at-law."
E)prohibit the taking of Indian lands.

Question 72

In August 1963,the Reverend Martin Luther King,Jr.,led a huge march in ________ that culminated in his "I Have a Dream" speech.

A)Birmingham, Alabama
B)Washington, D.C.
C)Montgomery, Alabama
D)Atlanta, Georgia
E)Charleston, South Carolina

Question 73

Among the tactics used by the civil rights movement were
I)sit-ins and boycotts.
II)lawsuits.
III)freedom rides.
IV)protests and marches.

A)I only
B)I and II
C)II and IV
D)I, II, and III
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 74

Title VII litigation has resulted in
I)consideration of sexual harassment as sex discrimination.
II)a ban on sex discrimination in some areas of employment,such as partnership at law firms.
III)allowing affirmative action programs to address historical discrimination against women.
IV)considering same-sex discrimination as sex discrimination.

A)I and II
B)II, III, and IV
C)III and IV
D)II and III
E)I, II, III, and IV

Question 75

Key MALDEF victories in the courts include

A)the constitutionality of English-only government services.
B)stopping President George W. Bush from building a fence along the U.S.-Mexico border.
C)a judicial decision declaring that multimember electoral districts were unconstitutional.
D)the requirement that school financing must be equal across state school districts.
E)ending gerrymandering for congressional district lines.

Question 76

The Civil Liberties Act of 1988

A)guaranteed additional rights to women.
B)began congressional efforts to repay the families of former slaves.
C)gave Japanese Americans reparations for their treatment during World War II.
D)eliminated California's constitutional ban on Chinese laundries.
E)promoted Asian immigration for farm labor.

Question 77

The wage gap between men and women

A)is growing every year.
B)is shrinking dramatically every year.
C)remains around 80 percent.
D)is virtually closed.
E)was ended by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 78

In promoting assimilation over separation,the U.S.government

A)moved Indian children into boarding schools to lessen their connections to tribal customs.
B)gave back lands the government had taken from the Indians.
C)legalized gambling on reservations.
D)encouraged Indians to remain on their reservations.
E)strengthened native languages and rituals.

Question 79

As late as 1970,the U.S.Supreme Court refused to
I)apply the equal protection clause to discrimination against women.
II)allow women to be firefighters.
III)allow women to sit on juries.
IV)support the creation of the President's Commission on the Status of Women.

A)I only
B)II only
C)II and III
D)I and III
E)I and IV

Question 80

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission was created by

A)the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
B)a presidential executive order.
C)Congress to monitor all forms of discrimination.
D)the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
E)Title IX of the 1972 Civil Rights Act.