Deck 13: Motivation

Question 1

.All of the following are satisfier factors EXCEPT:

A) recognition.
B) salary.
C) the work itself.
D) achievement.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

.A __________ is an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire.

A) motivator
B) satisfier
C) hygiene factor
D) need

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to Herzberg,__________ influence job dissatisfaction.

A) motivating factors
B) needs
C) satisfier factors
D) hygiene factors

Answer 3

D

Question 4

What is the highest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Esteem
B) Self-actualization
C) Social
D) Safety

Question 5

According to Herzberg,a __________ is found in the job context such as working conditions,organizational policies,and salary.

A) satisfier factor
B) need
C) principle
D) hygiene factor

Question 6

Appropriate working conditions,job security,and base compensation and benefits are all examples of __________ needs.

A) safety
B) physiological
C) shelter
D) social

Question 7

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,__________ states that people try to satisfy lower level needs first,then move on to the next higher level.

A) progression
B) existence
C) frustration-regression
D) deficit

Question 8

At what level does Maslow's progression principle stop?

A) Esteem
B) Safety
C) Self-actualization
D) Social

Question 9

According to Herzberg,a __________ is found in job content such as a sense of achievement,recognition,responsibility,advancement,or personal growth.

A) need
B) satisfier factor
C) desire
D) hygiene factor

Question 10

Which of Maslow's higher-order needs translate to which Alderfer ERG needs category?

A) Growth needs
B) Existence needs
C) Relationship needs
D) Physiological needs

Question 11

What is the lowest level of need in Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) Esteem
B) Physiological
C) Social
D) Safety

Question 12

.According to ERG theory,the _____________ is the idea that a lower-level need reactivates when we are unable to satisfy a higher-level need.

A) deficit principle
B) frustration-regression principle
C) progression principle
D) law of effect
E) law of valence

Question 13

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,which of the following states that a satisfied need is not a motivator of behavior?

A) Progression
B) Existence
C) Frustration-regression
D) Deficit

Question 14

The three needs in McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory are the need for achievement,_______,and affiliation.

A) esteem
B) safety
C) self-actualization
D) power

Question 15

Herzberg believed that motivation and higher performance could be achieved by improving the content of a job.He called this job __________.

A) hunting
B) design
C) manipulation
D) enrichment

Question 16

The lower order of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs include physiological,safety,and __________.

A) esteem
B) self-actualization
C) shelter
D) social

Question 17

Internal forces within a person that account for the level,direction,and persistence of effort at work (is)are called __________.

A) needs
B) satisfier (motivating)
C) motivation
D) hygiene factors

Question 18

What are the two factors in Herzberg's two-factor theory?

A) Satisfier / achievement
B) Achievement / hygiene
C) Hygiene / satisfier
D) Recognition / satisfier

Question 19

The higher order of needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs include self-actualization and __________.

A) esteem
B) physiological
C) shelter
D) social

Question 20

Which of the following would not support a worker's esteem needs?

A) Job security
B) Responsibility for an important job
C) Promotion to a higher status job
D) Praise from the boss

Question 21

According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory,the need for __________ is the desire to do something better,to solve problems,or to master complex tasks.

A) power
B) achievement
C) recognition
D) affiliation

Question 22

According to Skinner,__________ strengthens a behavior by making a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 23

Locke's goal setting theory suggests that which of the following goals can be motivating factors,if they are the right goals and they are set in the right way?

A) Easy goals
B) Equity goals
C) Valence goals
D) Task goals

Question 24

B.F.Skinner's concept of __________ is the control of behavior by manipulating its consequences.

A) expectancy
B) equity
C) acquired needs
D) operant conditioning

Question 25

According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory,the need to do something better or more efficiently is __________.

A) equity
B) power
C) achievement
D) affiliation

Question 26

To maximize expectancy in Vroom's Expectancy Theory,a manager should do all of the following EXCEPT:

A) Establish and maintain good relationships with workers.
B) Selecting workers with the right abilities for the jobs to be done.
C) Providing the best training and development.
D) Supporting workers with resources.

Question 27

The process of allocating specific work tasks to individuals and groups is called job__________.

A) content
B) design
C) enrichment
D) enlargement

Question 28

The degree to which the job requires completion of a "whole" and identifiable piece of work,one that involves doing a job from beginning to end with a visible outcome is called __________.

A) autonomy
B) task significance
C) task identity
D) skill variety

Question 29

Research indicates that as a result of perceived positive inequity,a worker might be expected to produce any of the following behaviors EXCEPT:

A) increasing the quantity of work.
B) improving the quality of work.
C) reducing the current work effort.
D) taking on more difficult assignments.

Question 30

Vroom's Expectancy Theory's equation is, Motivation= Expectancy * Instrumentality * _________.

A) Outcome
B) Results
C) Valence
D) Goals

Question 31

According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory,the need for __________ is the desire to control,influence,or be responsible for other people.

A) power
B) achievement
C) recognition
D) affiliation

Question 32

The process of increasing job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by the supervisor is called job __________.

A) content
B) design
C) enrichment
D) identity

Question 33

According to Skinner,__________ strengthens a behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 34

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory,which of the following is the value a person assigns to work-related outcomes?

A) Expectancy
B) Valence
C) Instrumentality
D) Achievement

Question 35

In Vroom's theory,the effort-performance link is the belief that putting in the effort will lead to the desired level of performance.This is called __________.

A) valence
B) expectancy
C) instrumentality
D) achievement

Question 36

The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people elsewhere in the organization or in the external environment is called __________.

A) autonomy
B) task significance
C) task identity
D) skill variety

Question 37

Thorndike's law of __________ states that behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated; behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not.

A) effect
B) behavior
C) outcomes
D) expectancy

Question 38

In Vroom's Expectancy Theory,__________ is a person's belief that various outcomes will occur as a result of task performance.

A) expectancy
B) valence
C) instrumentality
D) achievement

Question 39

MBO (management by objectives)is most closely related to __________ theory of motivation.

A) Herzberg's
B) Skinner's
C) Locke's
D) Maslow's

Question 40

According to McClelland's Acquired Needs Theory,the need for __________ is the desire to establish and maintain good relations with people.

A) power
B) achievement
C) recognition
D) affiliation

Question 41

Allowing workers to participate in making important decisions is one way to provide for their self-actualization needs.

Question 42

_______________ decreases the frequency of or eliminates an undesirable behavior by making the removal of a pleasant consequence.

A) Punishment
B) Reinforcement
C) Conditioning
D) Extinction

Question 43

According to Skinner,__________ discourages a behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence.

A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 44

The law of ____________ reinforcement delivers the reward only when desired behavior occurs.

A) immediate
B) contingent
C) positive
D) negative

Question 45

Herzberg's work,contrary to most motivational approaches today,suggests working on job content instead of trying to spice up the job context.

Question 46

According to Herzberg's two factor theory,salary is a satisfier.

Question 47

According to McClelland,people with a high need for affiliation prefer jobs offering all of the following EXCEPT:

A) companionship.
B) social approval.
C) high rate of pay
D) satisfying interpersonal relationships.

Question 48

Workers who are engaged generally have what type of attitude toward their jobs?

A) Negative
B) Positive
C) Stressful
D) Indifferent

Question 49

According to Skinner,__________ discourages a behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

A) negative reinforcement
B) punishment
C) positive reinforcement
D) extinction

Question 50

To have _______ people must believe in their abilities and believe that if they try hard to do something they can perform it well.

A) high expectancies
B) high instrumentalities
C) positive valences
D) high valences

Question 51

Research on Maslow's theory suggests that it is a good ending point for examining human needs and their potential influence on motivation since all needs related to motivation are examined and well-researched.

Question 52

Maslow's hierarchy of needs better explains human behavior than Alderfer's ERG theory.

Question 53

The core characteristics model approaches job design with a focus on eight "core" job characteristics.

Question 54

The hygiene factors in the Herzberg model are associated with the lower order needs of Maslow and Alderfer.

Question 55

People with a high need to power tend to:

A) behave in ways that have a clear impact on other people and events.
B) enjoy satisfying interpersonal relationships.
C) do not enjoy being in control.
D) prefer jobs offering companionship.

Question 56

One key difference between Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory and Alderfer's ERG Theory is that Maslow saw need progression as moving from bottom to top,while Alderfer believed that one bounced around in the hierarchy due to frustrations in obtaining higher order needs.

Question 57

The need for personal power is what drives successful leaders.

Question 58

Growth needs are essentially the lower-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Question 59

To have _____________ people must perceive that their performance accomplishments will be followed by desired work outcomes.

A) low instrumentalities
B) high instrumentalities
C) positive valences
D) low valences

Question 60

Organizational research finds that people who work hard always get promoted.

Question 61

Negative reinforcement decreases the frequency of or eliminates an undesirable behavior.

Question 62

To maximize valence,managers need to understand individual needs and try to tie work outcomes to important sources of need satisfaction.

Question 63

The need for __________,as described by McClelland,involves the desire to control,influence,or be responsible for other people.

Question 64

The key to applying goal-setting theory and management by objectives is for the employees to set their own goals.

Question 65

Herzberg suggests that one way to improve job content is to build more opportunities into jobs.This process is known as __________.

Question 66

__________ is the force that determines the direction,level,and persistence of individual effort.

Question 67

In Expectancy Theory,the value that an individual places upon a work-related outcome or reward is called __________.

Question 68

In Equity Theory,it is perceived __________ that motivate our behaviors.

Question 69

Alderfer's ERG model condenses __________ five levels of need into three levels.

Question 70

Unfulfilled desires that stimulate people to behave in ways that will satisfy these desires are called __________.

Question 71

The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities to carry out the work is referred to as __________.

Question 72

Skinner's reinforcement theory defines negative reinforcement as the removal of a negative factor.

Question 73

McClelland identified acquired needs as the need for power,achievement,and self-actualization.

Question 74

Locke's basic premise in goal-setting theory is that it works only if the __________ goals are set in the __________ way.

Question 75

Vroom's Expectancy Theory is based on the equation,
Motivation = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence.

Question 76

.Skinner's operant conditioning is based on manipulating the consequences of individual behavior.

Question 77

The "law of effect" states that people will repeat behaviors that have pleasant outcomes and will avoid behaviors that have unpleasant outcomes.

Question 78

If employees feel that they are not being treated fairly,they will adjust their behavior accordingly.This is the basis of equity theory.

Question 79

__________ refers to aspects of the work experience that create a sense of connection to the job and organization.

Question 80

Job design increases job content by adding work planning and evaluating duties normally performed by a supervisor.