Deck 2: Management Learning

Question 1

Which of these is NOT included as a part of classical approaches to management?

A) Maslow's hierarchy of human needs
B) Fayol's administrative principles
C) Weber's bureaucratic organization
D) Taylor's principles of scientific management

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Weber's bureaucracy includes all but which of these?

A) Division of labor
B) Formal rules and procedures
C) Employees' personal needs
D) Careers based on merit

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Two key elements of Weber's bureaucracy were fairness and

A) informality.
B) history.
C) participation.
D) efficiency.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The writings of Fayol are the basis for our modern understanding of:

A) the three managerial skill sets.
B) the four functions of management.
C) the key managerial roles.
D) the four P's of marketing.
E) scientific management.

Question 5

The writings of Mary Parker Follett have influenced all but which of the following "modern" management ideas?

A) Profit above all
B) Profit sharing
C) Gain-sharing plans
D) Employee ownership

Question 6

As president of Paper Products,Inc.,Jim wants his manufacturing manager to clearly define the steps in the process,train the workers to efficiently do their jobs,and financially reward them on the basis of performance.Jim is practicing __________.

A) contingency thinking
B) scientific management
C) Theory Y's beliefs
D) learning organization principles

Question 7

If Weber were able to see today's bureaucracies in action,he would most likely be

A) pleased.
B) disappointed.
C) indifferent.
D) optimistic.

Question 8

Which management researcher is considered as a prophet of today's management style?

A) Taylor
B) Weber
C) Follett
D) Maslow

Question 9

Carefully designing jobs with efficient work methods is necessary to __________ management.

A) scientific
B) behavioral
C) contingency
D) laissez-faire

Question 10

Which of these is one of the principles of scientific management?

A) Understanding human needs
B) Flexible time off
C) Training and motivating workers
D) Cross functional teams

Question 11

Bert and John Jacobs,co-founders of the company Life is Good,suggests that the message of the "Life is Good" brand is to:

A) strive for perfectionism.
B) decide to be happy today.
C) be always on the lookout for that special person.
D) strive for a big promotion.

Question 12

Which of the following management styles came first?

A) Classical approach
B) Humanistic perspective
C) Learning organization
D) Theory Y

Question 13

Millennials are individuals born between what years?

A) 1950-1960
B) 1982-1996
C) 1940-1949
D) 1961-1972

Question 14

The five duties of management,according to Fayol,are foresight,organization,command,coordination,and __________.

A) insight
B) analysis
C) accountability
D) control

Question 15

Who is the author of the Principles of Scientific Management?

A) Maslow
B) McGregor
C) Kotler
D) Taylor

Question 16

Based on logic,order,and legitimate authority,a rational and efficient form of organization according to Max Weber,is a(n)

A) learning organization.
B) adhocracy.
C) government agency.
D) bureaucracy.

Question 17

Which management emphasized careful selection and training of workers and supervisory support?

A) Scientific
B) Behavioral
C) Contingency
D) Autocratic

Question 18

One of the surprise findings in the Hawthorne studies was that

A) productivity increased with changes in lighting.
B) productivity was influenced by group behavior.
C) an increase in wages always resulted in an increase in productivity.
D) productivity increased with better -defined tasks.

Question 19

The term "Hawthorne Effect" was used to explain some of the important findings of the Hawthorne studies.What does the term mean?

A) Productivity is determined by efficiency.
B) Physical conditions of work are more important than social relationships.
C) When jobs are designed scientifically, performance improves.
D) People given special attention tend to perform as expected.

Question 20

Based on the findings of the Hawthorne studies,as a manager you know that:

A) giving special attention to your employees will likely increase their performance.
B) increasing the lighting of employees' work area will increase their performance.
C) improving the working conditions for your workers will increase their performance.
D) workers will not sacrifice pay just to keep coworkers happy.
E) workers react consistently to work conditions and wages.

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a part of Theory X?

A) Employees like responsibility
B) Workers are lazy
C) Workers prefer to follow
D) Employees like to work

Question 22

According to Chris Argyris,high absenteeism and poor morale in an organization is likely due to

A) poorly designed tasks interfering with efficiency.
B) a poorly defined hierarchy of authority.
C) a mismatch between management practices and the adult nature of their workforce.
D) a lack of control and enforcement.

Question 23

All are true about The Hawthorne studies EXCEPT:

A) were poorly designed from a research perspective.
B) provide weak empirical support for their conclusions.
C) are criticized for generalizing their findings.
D) represent a shift in research attention from human to technical concerns.

Question 24

From the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,which of the following needs occupies the highest pedestal in the hierarchy?

A) Social
B) Physiological
C) Self-actualization
D) Esteem

Question 25

Chris Argyris' beliefs,as presented in his book Personality and Organization,are in disagreement with __________.

A) Theory Y
B) the Hawthorne studies
C) the Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
D) the management practices found in traditional organizations

Question 26

According to Maslow,which of the following is in the highest "need" category?

A) Getting a date for the weekend
B) Having a job you love, which also allows you to feel fulfilled
C) Having enough money to pay rent
D) Being accepted into a fraternity or sorority on campus

Question 27

Which of these principles,according to Maslow,states that people act to satisfy unfulfilled needs?

A) Deficit
B) Progression
C) Regression
D) Care

Question 28

Who is credited for originally developing the hierarchy of human needs theory?

A) Max Weber
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Abraham Maslow
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 29

As a high school teacher,Julie has always felt that her students are lazy,don't really want to be in school,and are very irresponsible in their studies.Julie holds a __________ assumption.

A) Theory Y
B) Theory B
C) Theory A
D) Theory X

Question 30

According to Maslow's progression principle,

A) all needs can be satisfied by everybody.
B) needs can be satisfied simultaneously.
C) once activated, needs are not important in human behavior.
D) a need at any level becomes activated only after the next-lower-level need is satisfied.

Question 31

Management science and __________ apply mathematical techniques to solve management problems.

A) behavior analysis
B) contingency theory
C) operations research
D) participative management

Question 32

Which of these transforms resource inputs from the environment into product outputs?

A) Top management
B) Closed system
C) Open system
D) Contingency plan

Question 33

Which of these explains the study of how organizations produce goods and services?

A) Marketing operations
B) Operations management
C) Contingency practice
D) Learning practice

Question 34

Theory X and Theory Y were developed by __________.

A) Max Weber
B) Frederick Taylor
C) Chris Argyris
D) Douglas McGregor

Question 35

Which of these describes a physiological or psychological deficiency that a person wants to satisfy?

A) Wish
B) Expense
C) Need
D) Hawthorne effect

Question 36

Theory __________ assumes people are willing to work,accept responsibility,and are self-directed.

A) Y
B) Z
C) X
D) A

Question 37

The __________is the tendency of persons singled out for special attention to perform as expected.

A) management of participative measures
B) management of scientific alternatives
C) Hawthorne effect
D) theory of Y management

Question 38

Theory Y would suggest all of these EXCEPT

A) employees resist change.
B) employees like work.
C) employees are capable of self-control.
D) employees want responsibility.

Question 39

From Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory,which of the following needs is considered to be the most basic?

A) Safety
B) Social
C) Self-actualization
D) Physiological

Question 40

At which level of needs do Maslow's progression principle and deficit principle cease to exist?

A) Physiological
B) Self-actualization
C) Safety
D) Esteem

Question 41

The essence of Argyris' work is that management practices should fit the capabilities of the employees they are used to.

Question 42

Having a Theory X view of employees can actually encourage Theory X behaviors in your employees.

Question 43

Maslow believed that there was no order in which human needs were fulfilled.

Question 44

Another way to look at the work by Chris Argyris is that undesirable employee behaviors may be as much a reflection of a poor management system as it is a matter of poor employees.

Question 45

Weber is credited as being the first to acknowledge and advocate that bureaucracies are inefficient forms of organization that should be avoided.

Question 46

The only goal of scientific management was to increase worker efficiency for the benefit of the company.

Question 47

Follett argued that organizations are like communities,where managers and employees should work together without a spirit of domination.

Question 48

Matching management practices with different situations is called __________.

A) classical management
B) situational analysis
C) contingency thinking
D) administrative management

Question 49

If your roommate asks you to identify the best management style,what would you say?

A) Classical
B) Participative
C) Administrative
D) It depends on the situation

Question 50

Modern management thinking would suggest that:

A) a "best" way to manage does exist.
B) the discovery of a workable process can be transferred to all other organizations.
C) once a process is perfected, it will not have to be changed.
D) the best answer to what works "depends" on the situation.
E) people are usually on the same page and they can be managed similarly.

Question 51

The most formidable aspect of scientific management is that it emphasizes creativity and risk taking.

Question 52

The work by Henri Fayol can help you understand the functions that you must perform as the manager of a student organization.

Question 53

Workers,in an ideal bureaucracy,are selected and promoted on ability and performance.

Question 54

Taylor's scientific management sought efficiency in job performance.

Question 55

__________ involves always searching for new ways to improve work quality and performance.

A) Operations management
B) Continuous improvement
C) Quantitative analysis
D) Operations research

Question 56

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement,product quality,and customer needs is called:

A) a learning organization.
B) operations management.
C) management by objectives.
D) total quality management.

Question 57

The Hawthorne studies established a clear link between working conditions and worker performance.

Question 58

Follett would say that the successful 21ˢᵗ-century executive must be an inspiring leader who attracts talented people and motivates them in a setting where everyone can do his or her best work.

Question 59

The reason that worker "human needs" are important to managers is that these needs can cause tensions that may influence work attitudes and behaviors.

Question 60

Fayol's management rule of coordination provides and mobilizes resources to implement a plan.

Question 61

________ is the science of reducing a job or task to its basic physical motions.

Question 62

A(n)__________ consistently achieves excellence while creating a high-quality work environment.

Question 63

The belief that there is no one best way to manage was called __________.

Question 64

__________ is considered a prophet of management and one of the most important American women in the fields of civics and sociology.

Question 65

Operations management is the study of how organizations produce goods and services.

Question 66

Modern management accepts the fact that all techniques are contingent upon the unique situation faced by each manager.In other words,there is no one "best" way.

Question 67

Organizational learning is a never ending process of continuous improvement.

Question 68

What were the Hawthorne studies about? Discuss their purpose,the process,and the results.

Question 69

__________ is the systemic use and analysis of data to solve problems and make informed decisions.

Question 70

The study of how organizations produce goods and services is called __________.

Question 71

Author and researcher Malcolm Gladwell,in the book Outliers,successfully argues that great leaders are born,not made.

Question 72

McGregor's work focuses on opposing views of human nature,a positive view known as __________ and a negative view known as __________.

Question 73

Why is it necessary for today's organizations to embrace contingency thinking?

Question 74

Following the scientific management era,management thinking moved to include a(n)__________ perspective.

Question 75

Scientific management is associated with the management scholar __________.

Question 76

The __________ studies at the Western Electric Company in Chicago demonstrated the influence of manager treatment of employees on employee performance.

Question 77

Compare the scientific management and the behavioral management approaches.Which is best?

Question 78

The __________ is an organizational form known for its clear division of labor,structure,hierarchy of authority,and formalized rules and procedures.

Question 79

Managing with an organization-wide commitment to continuous improvement,product quality,and customer needs is called __________.

Question 80

The highest order of Maslow's hierarchy of needs is __________.