Deck 15: Forensic Serology

Question 1

If blood is found to have both A and B antigens it is typed as:

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following types of cells are not contained in plasma?

A) Phagocytes
B) Leukocytes
C) Erythrocytes
D) Platelets

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Evidence to substantiate that a rape occurred could include:

A) Blood and semen.
B) Hairs.
C) Fibers.
D) All of the above.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

An individual who is type O has:

A) O antibodies.
B) A antibodies.
C) B antibodies.
D) Neither A nor B antibodies.

Question 5

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Semen is unequivocally identified by the presence of spermatozoa.
B) The likelihood of finding seminal acid phosphatase in vaginal swabs decreases with time.
C) Spermatozoa can generally be found in the vagina of a living female after 3 days.
D) Semen will contain the enzyme p30.

Question 6

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Dried bloodstains may tentatively be identified as blood by a peroxidase test.
B) All bloods contain the enzyme peroxidase.
C) A-B-O antigens are present in all human blood.
D) The Kastle-Meyer test is used to determine whether blood is of human origin.

Question 7

The presence or absence of how many antigens determines an individual's blood type in the A-B-O system?

A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3

Question 8

A stain can tentatively be identified as blood by:

A) The benzidine test.
B) The luminol test.
C) The phenolphthalein test.
D) All of the above

Question 9

The sensitivity of the Takayama and Teichmann crystal tests for the identification of bloodstains is ________ the sensitivity of the Kastle-Meyer color test for bloodstain identification.

A) The same as
B) Greater than
C) Less than
D) None of the above

Question 10

In routine blood banking,which antigen(s)must be determined in testing for compatibility?

A) A
B) B
C) D
D) All of the above

Question 11

PSA (p30)is a:

A) Polymorphic enzyme found in red blood cells.
B) Protein found in seminal plasma.
C) Blood enzyme used to discriminate bloodstains.
D) Protein specific to females.

Question 12

Buccal cells are obtained from:

A) Semen.
B) The mouth and inside of the cheek.
C) Urine.
D) Blood.

Question 13

A gene pair made up of two similar alleles-for example,AA and BB-is said to be:

A) Heterozygous.
B) Monoclonal.
C) Complementary.
D) Homozygous.

Question 14

Antibodies are found:

A) In the red blood cells
B) In the white blood cells
C) In the solid portion of blood
D) In the blood serum

Question 15

Luminol can be used at crime scenes to:

A) Detect traces of blood without compromising potential DNA typing.
B) Make hair evidence fluoresce.
C) Light up the crime scene with a high degree of illumination.
D) Locate latent prints that otherwise would be overlooked.

Question 16

Which blood components are directly pertinent to the forensic aspects of blood identification?

A) Platelets
B) Blood serum
C) Red blood cells
D) Both B and C

Question 17

In the United States,the rarest blood type is:

A) A
B) B
C) AB
D) O

Question 18

Type AB blood contains:

A) Anti-A antibodies and B antigens.
B) Anti-A antigens and anti-B antibodies.
C) Both A and B antigens.
D) Both anti-A and anti-B antibodies.

Question 19

The amount of acid phosphatase in seminal fluid is ________ the amount of acid phosphatase in blood.

A) Greater than
B) The same as
C) Less than
D) None of the above

Question 20

To determine whether a bloodstain is of human or animal origin,the serologist will perform:

A) A precipitin test.
B) The luminol test.
C) An analysis with Hemastix strips.
D) RIA.

Question 21

One parent is type AB; the other parent is type O.A possible genotype for an offspring is:

A) AB
B) OO
C) AO
D) None of the above

Question 22

The blood factors belonging to the A-B-O system are the most important for properly matching a donor and recipient for a transfusion.

Question 23

A precipitin test can be used to identify:

A) Human blood.
B) Dog blood.
C) Cat blood.
D) All of the above

Question 24

Acid-phosphatase is a major constituent of:

A) Blood.
B) Semen.
C) Saliva.
D) Perspiration.

Question 25

In which phenotype pairings can the genotypes of the individuals be directly known?

A) Type AB and type O
B) Type A and type B
C) Type B and type O
D) Type A and type AB

Question 26

EMIT is NOT a(n):

A) Highly specific process to identify drugs in blood.
B) Immunological assay technique that utilizes antibodies.
C) Speedy test to detect methadone in urine.
D) Screening test for suspected marijuana smoking.

Question 27

When an animal is injected with an antigen,the animal will respond by producing:

A) Polyclonal antibodies.
B) Monoclonal antibodies.
C) Agglutinates.
D) Both A and B

Question 28

People with type O blood have both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 29

Microcrystalline tests are far less sensitive than color tests for blood identification.

Question 30

Paternity testing is done involving a woman with type AB blood who has accused a man with type B blood of fathering her child who has tested AB.What can be determined in this case?

A) The male is definitely NOT the father of the child.
B) The male could have fathered the child.
C) The male definitely IS the father of the child.
D) The child can not belong to this mother.

Question 31

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody is known as:

A) Radioimmunology.
B) Clotting.
C) Agglutination.
D) Serology.

Question 32

________ transport oxygen from the lungs to the body tissues and carry carbon dioxide back to the lungs.

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Alveoli
D) Lymphocytes

Question 33

During the production of monoclonal antibodies,which step is not followed?

A) Inject an animal with the antigen of interest.
B) Remove the animal's spleen cells.
C) Fuse the spleen cells to malignant blood cells.
D) All of the above

Question 34

The most common color test for bloodstains is Luminol.

Question 35

Aspermia is an abnormally low sperm count.

Question 36

What is true about monoclonal antibodies?

A) They are produced utilizing rapidly multiplying blood-cancer cells.
B) They are produced by injecting a mouse with an antigen.
C) They are expected to be medicine's version of the "magic bullet."
D) All of the above

Question 37

What approximate percentage of the population is type B?

A) 80 percent
B) 41 percent
C) 38 percent
D) 15 percent

Question 38

Gel diffusion takes advantage of the fact that antibodies and antigens move toward one another on a plate.

Question 39

The D antigen is also known as the ________ antigen.

A) Monoclonal
B) X
C) AB
D) Rh

Question 40

The presence of ________ indicates that a stain is seminal in nature.

A) PGM
B) Peroxidase
C) p30
D) DNA

Question 41

A(n)________ is a protein in the blood serum that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen.

Question 42

Information about when the victim last had consensual sex is not useful for evaluating the significance of findings during a possible rape examination.

Question 43

Type O blood is the most common in the United States.

Question 44

Most human cells contain forty-six chromosomes,arranged in twenty-three mated pairs.

Question 45

The presence of prostate specific antigen (PSA)or p30 is useful for identifying a sample stain containing semen.

Question 46

One of the most frequent uses of the EMIT technique in forensic laboratories has been for screening the urine of suspected marijuana smokers.

Question 47

The best way to locate and characterize a ________ stain is to perform the acid phosphatase test.

Question 48

A heterozygous gene pair is made up of two different alleles while a homozygous gene pair is made up of two similar alleles.

Question 49

________ is the study of antigen and serum antibody reactions.

Question 50

When two different genes are inherited,the characteristic coded for by a recessive gene is expressed.

Question 51

An antigen is a protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antibody.

Question 52

When serum containing B antibodies is added to red blood cells carrying the B antigen,the blood ________.

Question 53

The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of color rather than light.

Question 54

The standard test used to determine whether blood is of human or animal origin is the ________ test.

Question 55

Non-motile sperm generally survive for up to four to six hours in the vaginal cavity of a living female.

Question 56

________ is the fluid portion of the blood.

Question 57

Human bloodstains dried for years may still give a positive reaction for a precipitin test.

Question 58

Polyclonal antibodies are more useful than monoclonal antibodies for the forensic scientist.

Question 59

Biological evidence should be packaged in plastic or airtight containers.

Question 60

Chromosomes are the fundamental units of heredity.

Question 61

The victim of a rape is found dead in her apartment.Describe the proper collection and preservation of the seminal stained clothing.Emphasize the proper collection of controls from the victim and suspect.

Question 62

________ is the absence of sperm,or sterility in males.

Question 63

Monoclonal antibodies bind to ________ antibody site(s).

Question 64

The reaction of luminol with blood results in the production of ________ rather than color.

Question 65

Rape evidence should be packaged separately in ________ bags.

Question 66

Two commonly used ________ tests for blood are the Kastle-Meyer test and the Hemastix test.

Question 67

One of the most frequent uses of EMIT in forensic laboratories has been for screening the urine of suspected ________ users.

Question 68

To determine the human or non-human origin of a blood sample,the forensic scientist needs antibodies for each species of interest.Briefly describe how antibodies capable of reacting are produced in animals.

Question 69

Spermatozoa can be difficult to locate because they are bound tightly to ________ materials.

Question 70

A(n)________ is the particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual.

Question 71

Type ________ blood is the least common.

Question 72

What three questions must the criminalist answer when examining dried blood?
Which tests or analysis tools can be used to answer each question?

Question 73

What three questions must the criminalist be prepared to answer when examining dried blood?

Question 74

The victim of a homicide is wrapped in a blood-soaked sheet.Describe the proper steps to be taken in order to preserve the sheet for laboratory examination.List all necessary submissions that must be made for a thorough examination of blood evidence.

Question 75

Three blood samples are exposed to the antiserums shown below with the given reactions.Based on these results,determine the ABO/Rh blood type of each sample.

Question 76

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2.Each answer can only be used once.

A)A protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen
B)An abnormally low sperm count
C)The liquid that separates from the blood when a clot is formed
D)The physical manifestation of a genetic trait such as shape, color, and blood type
E)A structure in the cell nucleus composed of DNA, along which the genes are located
F)A substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it
G)The basic unit of heredity, consisting of a DNA segment located on a chromosome
H)The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody
I)The male sex chromosome
J)An enzyme found in high concentration in semen
K)The female sex chromosome
L)The fluid portion of unclotted blood
M)Any of several alternative forms of a gene located at the same point on a particular pair of chromosomes
N)The absence of sperm
O)The particular combination of genes present in the cells of an individual
1)Acid phosphatase
2)Agglutination
3)Allele
4)Chromosome
5)Gene
6)Antibody
7)Antigen
8)Aspermia
9)Oligospermia
10)Plasma
11)Serum
12)Genotype
13)Phenotype
14)X chromosome
15)Y chromosome

Question 77

What type of packaging should not be used for biological evidence?
Why?
What type of packaging should be used instead for articles containing biological evidence?