Question 1

A patient who has had a bone marrow transplant has contracted cytomegalovirus (CMV)retinitis.Which of the following drugs is preferable for this patient?&#10;A)acyclovir (Zovirax)&#10;B)foscarnet (Foscavir)&#10;C)ganciclovir (Cytovene)&#10;D)amantadine (Dom-Amantidine)

Accepted Answer

Foscarnet is indicated for the treatment of CMV retinitis and is less toxic to the bone marrow than ganciclovir.

Question 2

A young adult calls the clinic to ask for a prescription for "the flu drug." He says he has had the flu for almost 4 days and just heard about a drug that can reduce the symptoms.Which of the following is a true statement about oseltamivir (Tamiflu)and zanamivir (Relenza)?

A)They do not stop the spread of influenza.
B)These drugs have few adverse effects.
C)As long as this patient starts treatment within the next 24 hours, the drug should be effective.
D)Treatment with these drugs should begin within 2 days of influenza symptom onset.

Accepted Answer

These drugs should be started within 2 days of influenza symptom onset
These drugs may cause nausea or vomiting,and they do work to stop the spread of influenza.

Question 3

Which of the following drugs belongs to the newer class of antiviral drugs called fusion inhibitors?&#10;A)enfuvirtide (Fuzeon)&#10;B)tenofovir (Viread)&#10;C)nevirapine (Viramune)&#10;D)indinavir (Crixivan)

Accepted Answer

Enfuvirtide is a fusion inhibitor,a newer class of antiviral drugs.

Question 4

A patient diagnosed with genital herpes is taking topical acyclovir (Zovirax).What important information should the nurse tell the patient about this drug? Select all that apply.&#10;A)&#34;Be sure to wash your hands thoroughly before and after applying this medicine.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Apply this ointment until the lesion stops hurting.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Sterile gloves are required when applying this ointment.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Use a clean glove when applying this ointment.&#34;&#10;E)&#34;If your partner develops these lesions,then he can also use the medication.&#34;&#10;F)&#34;You need to avoid touching around your eyes.&#34;&#10;G)&#34;You will need to practise abstinence when these lesions are active.&#34;&#10;H)&#34;Ask your health care provider about getting a Pap smear every 6 months due to an increased risk for cervical cancer.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Hands should be thoroughly washed before and after applying this medicine,clean gloves should be used when applying the ointment,the patient should avoid touching around the eyes,abstinence must be practised while the lesions are active,and female patients should have a Pap smear every 6 months due to an increased risk for cervical cancer.
This medication should be applied as long as prescribed,and sterile gloves are not needed.Prescriptions should not be shared;if the partner develops these lesions,then the partner will need to be evaluated before medication is prescribed,if needed.

Question 5

A patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)has been taking zidovudine (AZT)therapy for almost 1 year.The physician has decided to change the medication to didanosine (Videx EC).The patient is very concerned about this medication change.What is the nurse's best explanation to the patient?

A)Didanosine has fewer toxic effects than zidovudine.
B)Didanosine has been shown to improve survival rates.
C)Taking the zidovudine with the didanosine might have led to serious toxicity.
D)The patient may have been experiencing bone marrow suppression due to the zidovudine therapy.

Accepted Answer

Bone marrow suppression is often the reason why a patient with a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection needs to be switched to another anti-HIV drug,such as didanosine.
Zidovudine and didanosine can be taken together,by cutting back on the doses of both,thus decreasing the likelihood of toxicity.

Question 6

A patient with late-stage acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)has developed Kaposi's sarcoma.What type of infection is Kaposi's sarcoma?&#10;A)A drug-resistant infection&#10;B)An opportunistic infection&#10;C)A co-infection&#10;D)A superinfection

Accepted Answer

Kaposi's sarcoma is an example of an opportunistic situation;it is a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neoplasm.

Question 7

Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with oseltamavir (Tamiflu)?&#10;A)Diarrhea&#10;B)Sinusitis&#10;C)Nausea&#10;D)Constipation

Accepted Answer

The most common adverse effects associated with oseltamavir are nausea and vomiting.
Sinusitis,diarrhea,and nausea are associated with zanamivir.

Question 8

Which of the following are therapeutic effects of antiviral drugs?&#10;A)Elimination of the virus&#10;B)Eradication of herpetic lesions&#10;C)Delayed progression of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and AIDS-related complex (ARC)&#10;D)Prevention of future infections with the same virus

Accepted Answer

The therapeutic effects of antiviral agents may include delayed progression of AIDS and ARC.

Question 9

The nurse is administering acyclovir (Zovirax).Which of the following directions is appropriate?&#10;A)Intravenous (IV)infusions should be administered slowly,over at least 1 hour.&#10;B)IV infusions should be administered by rapid IV bolus.&#10;C)IV acyclovir is compatible with many other IV solutions.&#10;D)Oral fluids should be restricted while the client is taking IV acyclovir.

Accepted Answer

IV infusions of acyclovir should be given slowly,over at least 1 hour.
Many IV agents and solutions are incompatible with IV acyclovir.Fluid intake of at least 2400 mL per day should be encouraged in clients receiving acyclovir,unless contraindicated.

Question 10

Which of the following is a true statement about amantadine (Dom-Amantidine)therapy?&#10;A)It causes less central nervous system (CNS)toxicity than rimantadine.&#10;B)It is commonly used to treat influenza A and influenza B.&#10;C)It should not be given to women who are breastfeeding.&#10;D)It has a longer half-life than rimantadine and may be dosed less frequently than rimantadine.

Accepted Answer

Amantadine is contraindicated in patients with a hypersensitivity to it,lactating women,children younger than 12 months of age,and patients with an eczematic rash.
Amantadine is active only against influenza A viruses.Compared with amantadine,rimantadine has a longer half-life,may be dosed less frequently,and causes less CNS toxicity than amantadine.

Question 11

A patient diagnosed with shingles is prescribed topical acyclovir (Zovirax).What important adverse effects should the nurse warn this patient about?&#10;A)Insomnia and nervousness&#10;B)Temporary swelling and rash&#10;C)Transient burning when applied&#10;D)This medication has no adverse effects.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient diagnosed with shingles is prescribed...

Question 12

A patient is taking a combination of antiretroviral drugs as treatment for early stages of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)infection.He asks the nurse whether the drugs will kill the virus.Which of the following statements is the nurse's best response to this patient?

A)Antiretroviral drugs are rarely beneficial and are given for palliative reasons only.
B)Antiretroviral drugs will be effective as long as the patient is not exposed to the virus again.
C)Antiretroviral drugs can be given in large enough doses to eradicate the virus without harming the body's healthy cells.
D)Antiretroviral drugs are effective only while the virus is replicating,and replication is often finished by the time symptoms appear.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is taking a combination of...

Deck 40: Antiviral Drugs