Deck 1: Beginnings of Communication

Question 1

Babies may learn to wait for an adult response before they utter their next sound-making attempt.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The reactions or feedback a baby receives from others shapes the infant's feelings about himself.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Researchers believe that baby sign language may promote communication skills.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Speaking in a low,soothing voice may help an agitated infant attend and listen.

Question 5

The appearance of reduplicated babbles like "ba ba ba" is typical during an infant's third month.

Question 6

By the age of six months,infants react to changes in their adult caregivers' tone of voice.

Question 7

An infant's emotional well being is usually not observable before its first birthday.

Question 8

It is important that parents believe their babies may try to imitate parent actions or sounds as early as the second or third month of age.

Question 9

The text recommends that parents provide special,extraordinary experiences to their infants to promote advanced skills in very early infancy.

Question 10

Researchers have found that the best age at which to introduce a second language to a child,in terms of the brain's cognitive ability,is after his/her fifth birthday.

Question 11

The human brain can be accurately described as a flexible,sensitive,and plastic part of the human central nervous system.

Question 12

Mothers who know more about what abilities their infants possess at any given age are usually more skilled at providing interactions and activities that might promote growth.

Question 13

Allowing babies to explore their environment safely is a necessary condition of good care.

Question 14

At birth,each infant's brain has an equal number of neurons and synapses.

Question 15

The text recommends that families obtain products and learn techniques that will speed their infant's brain development.

Question 16

By age seven to twelve months,infants usually respond to their own name.

Question 17

Many mothers notice a definite fetal response to environmental sounds during the third trimester of pregnancy.

Question 18

Adults often use a "lyrical" or "musical" speech when interacting with babies.

Question 19

Commercial infant videos are recommended for they enhance an infant's intellectual development.

Question 20

It is believed that babies are able to hear maternal speech sounds before birth.

Question 21

Educators suspect an infant's signing ability is reflected in his IQ scores.

Question 22

Building infant IQ isn't possible at 3 months of age.

Question 23

There probably isn't any caregiver routine in which the adult should remain silent except nap time.

Question 24

Some researchers believe that an adult's attempts to calm and sooth a distressed infant may actually sharpen the infant's ability to calm himself and also better attend to stimuli when faced with future stressful situations.

Question 25

A child's language begins as primarily passive and then becomes expressive.

Question 26

Caregivers and mothers should be aware of what infants are looking at and,when possible,comment on it.

Question 27

An attuned adult working with infants uses infant cues to modify adult actions and behaviors.

Question 28

It is a good idea to hesitate briefly after you have said something to an infant.

Question 29

Bonding is described as the adaptation an infant develops only in his home environment.

Question 30

A secure emotional relationship in infancy is characterized by an individual helping another to increase his/her balance and well being.

Question 31

At birth or shortly thereafter,an infant may be able to recognize subtle differences between his native language sounds and another world language sounds.

Question 32

Boys are slightly advanced during infancy in their ability to gesture and sign.

Question 33

Musical experiences for infants may have a strong possible connection to young children's ability to process words.

Question 34

Infants who are deaf are not capable of babbling.

Question 35

Being able to explore one's environment promotes even more exploration and joy,it is believed.

Question 36

Phonation concerns the flow of exhaled air over the larynx (throat).

Question 37

An overreliance on signing may lead a baby to develop less vocabulary as he/she grows older.

Question 38

Deprivation can affect infant brain function.

Question 39

Whether infants reach developmental milestones early or are on the late side of normal has little predictive value concerning future proficiency or cognitive skills.

Question 40

By the end of the first year an infant should be pointing at things he wants.

Question 41

One of the best predictors of infant development is his mother's or caregiver's

A)​ability to be playful.
B)​ideas concerning the baby's awareness and competence.
C)​ability to be verbal during caretaking interactions.
D)​ability to feed,bathe,and mimic baby noisemaking.

Question 42

The critical time to diagnose and treat hearing impairment so that the child's speech develops normally is at

A)​one month of age.
B)​six months of age.
C)​eight months of age.
D)​eleven months of age.

Question 43

Infants a few days old may prefer familiar

A)​faces.
B)​smells.
C)​voices.
D)​all of these answers

Question 44

Cognitive science,an evolving field of study,unites psychology,philosophy,linguistics,computer science,and neuroscience.

Question 45

A mother's special speech to her baby,sometimes referred to as "parentese," may

A)​limit infant speech growth.
B)​help the infant become aware and hold his attention.
C)​produce a musically talented toddler.
D)​promote infant behaviors that are unsociable.

Question 46

The best distance between a care giver and an infant during face-to-face imitation games is

A)​closer than 4 inches.
B)​between 4 and 6 inches.
C)​between 8 and 12 inches.
D)​more than 2 feet..

Question 47

Researchers suspect that learning a second language early in life may affect the brain's capacity for all sorts of future learning.

Question 48

Providing infants with soft,safe writing tools

A)​is necessary for early drawing experience and increases intelligence.
B)​speeds motor development.
C)​is thought not to be developmentally appropriate.
D)​will require adult supervision.

Question 49

Infants react to the speech sounds they hear and

A)​learn to speak by remembering words.
B)​build a vocabulary of 20 to 25 sounds.
C)​decode and divide them into abstract categories.
D)​watch how the people around them form their vowel sounds.

Question 50

Adults speaking "parentese" may affect their infant's heart rate.

Question 51

Identify the mother who would best promote her infant's language growth.

A)​one who talked baby talk and listened
B)​one who was animated,expressive,and liked to sing
C)​one who was confident in her infant's abilities,watchful,warm,and responsive
D)​one who spent lots of time with her infant and provided many educational toys

Question 52

Infants living in neglectful and/or chaotic home environments may display certain behaviors because of over-activated brain and body systems.

Question 53

New technology used to study infant's brain function and developing language ability suggests that

A)​infants are smarter and display more emotions than previously believed.
B)​the ability of many American infants has declined.
C)​much of what was suspected about language growth has been disproven.
D)​fine distinctions between speech sounds is rarely recognized by babies during the first months of life.

Question 54

Highly repetitive and simplified "parentese" is

A)​typical in all cultures.
B)​not recommended in the text.
C)​inappropriate in some cultures.
D)​appropriate,but most mothers need training to do it.

Question 55

Musical activities are offered to infants because

A)​they enhance children's thinking abilities.
B)​they are enjoyable.
C)​they lay the foundation for later musical activities.
D)​all of these answers

Question 56

The reading of picture books to children younger than one year of age

A)​may create intelligent preschoolers.
B)​is probably of limited benefit.
C)​may create positive or negative attitudes about book reading.
D)​increases most infants alertness.

Question 57

Parents' and caregivers' attitudes and expectations about infants' awareness and sensory abilities may be predictive of

A)​height and weight.
B)​future musical abilities.
C)​developmental growth.
D)​speech growth.

Question 58

Most researchers suggest that thinking,cognition,and emotion take place in separate brain areas and have no relationship with one another.

Question 59

Books that infants and young toddlers seem to prefer and that are recommended in the text include

A)​oversized books.
B)​books with large print.
C)​colorful touch-and-feel books.
D)​those without contrasting backgrounds.

Question 60

An infant's early ability to recognize subtle differences among sounds in all world languages

A)​disappears with age.
B)​confirms most theories of child language development.
C)​increases with age.
D)​remains constant if good child care is provided.

Question 61

Probably the most critical area of an infant's life that affects language growth is

A)​intellectual experiences.
B)​certified and degreed caregivers.
C)​an environment full of sensory experience and developmentally appropriate activities.
D)​emotional relationships and attachment.

Question 62

By six to twelve months of age,an infant is a specialist in his own native language.Explain.

Question 63

"Parentese" is often used to

A)​quiet an infant or gain his attention.
B)​influence an infant's sense of well-being.
C)​communicate by using exaggerated voice inflections.
D)​all these answers.

Question 64

Neurolinguistics is best defined as

A)​the study of language complexity.
B)​a branch of speech theory.
C)​the study of linguistics and brain structure and function.
D)​the study of language acquisition.

Question 65

A newborn's auditory system

A)​regresses shortly after birth.
B)​may have developed so well that an unborn child can hear his mother's voice.
C)​is better developed than his sight system.
D)​is rarely affected prenatally by a mother's health.

Question 66

Why is infant imitation developmentally significant?

Question 67

The termgaze couplingcan be defined as

Question 68

An infant at 3 to 6 months of age can be expected to

A)​turn to look at the family's pet dog barking.
B)​make vocal sounds including consonant-like babbles.
C)​react to changes in a primary caregiver's tone of voice.
D)​all the above.

Question 69

"Critical" or "plastic" time periods in brain growth refer to

Question 70

It used to be thought that all infants experienced sensations and environmental stimuli in similar ways,but now it is believed that infants

Question 71

Families can create a loving and emotionally supportive environment for children by

A)​providing good nutrition.
B)​maintaining a safe environment for exploration.
C)​participating in active play and positive attention.
D)​all of the above

Question 72

Some research studies indicate that infants

A)​may remember and give greater attention to rhymes or stories read to them before their birth.
B)​may not remember or react to literature read to them before their birth.
C)​as adults select English majors in college because they were read to before their birth.
D)​may be more intelligent if they were read to before their birth.

Question 73

A good technique for reading to infants is to

A)​make sure the child cannot grab the book and damage it.
B)​read on even if the child seems disinterested.
C)​use gestures or make animals sounds when appropriate.
D)​encourage the child to listen quietly without interruption.

Question 74

Listening to music in infancy improves children's communication ability.This statement is

A)​supported by scientific evidence.
B)​not supported by scientific evidence.
C)​partially true.
D)​discounted by most professional educators.

Question 75

If you noticed an infant wanted a ball but couldn't reach it and you were interested in developing a sign for ball,you would

A)​form a ball-like hand sign,say ball,and give it to him.
B)​watch to see if he could reach or give him a toy rake to use.
C)​wait until he made a sign before giving the ball.
D)​ask his parents if he has a sign for ball.

Question 76

By the last half of an infant's first year,he reaches the milestone of

A)​gaze coupling.
B)​tracing objects with his eyes.
C)​sharing attention given to objects with another person.
D)​turning toward voices or a sound.

Question 77

Every time an infant communicates successfully by using a nonverbal baby sign,it is believed that this

A)​makes subsequent efforts easier.
B)​weakens brain connections.
C)​impedes his efforts to speak.
D)​displays superior intelligence.

Question 78

Briefly discuss "parentese" and how it affects most infants.

Question 79

The number of brain synapses is believed to peak at

A)​6 months.
B)​12 months.
C)​18 months.
D)​24 to 36 months.

Question 80

Infant care staff members are trained to

A)​treat all infants alike.
B)​make sure their tone of voice is high-pitched.
C)​overlook nonverbal communication and focus on verbalizations.
D)​read infants' individual characteristics.