Deck 4: Understanding Differences

Question 1

Second-language learners may imitate the intonation of speech in the new language before trying to speak the words.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The use of words such as hey or okay by second-language learners is a useful device.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A southern United States way of speaking may be a dialect.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Constant correction by teachers can impede a child's language acquisition,regardless of his or her native dialect or language.

Question 5

Professional early childhood teacher training advocates suggest it is desirable that pre-service and in-service training support both knowledge and mastery of a language other than English.

Question 6

Teachers can group other-than-English-speaking preschoolers together to help each other when they speak the same language at certain times during the school day,for this is good practice.

Question 7

Hispanic children are the largest group of limited-English-proficient children in the United States.

Question 8

Second-language learners most often use words in the new language instead of trying gesturing.

Question 9

High achievement and academic accomplishment expectations are appropriate for non-English-speaking preschoolers.

Question 10

There are roughly over 60 million preschoolers who are not native speakers of English attending U.S.preschool programs.

Question 11

The earlier English is introduced,the greater the child's linguistic advantage.

Question 12

Children from diverse cultures and ethnic backgrounds have always been part of the American education system and are no more numerous today than in previous years.

Question 13

Many young children come to early childhood programs with addictions,diseases,and disorders and come to school without sufficient sleep and food.

Question 14

Nonwhite,nonnative speakers and poor children are considered just as likely to learn to read quickly and as well as other children.

Question 15

Some curriculum developers believe the non-English-speaking preschool child should be educated in his native language and culture before English is introduced.

Question 16

Teachers should be aware of children excluded by others or ones unable to interact with others because of a language difficulty.

Question 17

There is consensus concerning what instructional programs and preschools are best for non-English learners.

Question 18

Black English is less complex than Standard English.

Question 19

The acceptable distance between two speakers may be different depending on the cultural background and native language of the speakers.

Question 20

Non-English-speaking preschoolers develop phonemic sensitivity.

Question 21

Preschoolers who display outstanding verbal talent may relate details in events that othersignore.

Question 22

"Cluttering" refers to the rate of a child's speech,and is characterized by fast talking and words running together.

Question 23

Early childhood programs are experiencing an increased enrollment of Spanish-speaking children.

Question 24

Elementary school success usually depends on a child's verbal and reading abilities.

Question 25

Fortunately,the school achievement of affluent and poor children has narrowed in the past 10 years.

Question 26

Families should only consult a specialist if their child's speech delay doesn't improve by age 4.

Question 27

Minority group children now compose about 60 percent of the school population in the United States.

Question 28

Using accented speech indicates you are an educated person others admire.

Question 29

One of the characteristics of African-American English speakers is the elimination of the

Question 30

There is no urgency in identifying children with language difficulties during the preschool years.

Question 31

Over fifty percent of preschoolers that are true stutterers have family members who stutter.

Question 32

Most areas in the United States have no history of ethnic or racial diversity.

Question 33

In American schools children with poor verbal abilities are often headed for special education classes in their future if improvement doesn't happen.

Question 34

Young preschoolers are often concerned when a teacher speaks with an accent.

Question 35

A dialect is unique to a social group or a geographic area.

Question 36

The majority of young children who stutter will experience a short-term stuttering disorder.

Question 37

Accents and dialects are the same thing.

Question 38

In the United States,Standard English is the common language of educated people.

Question 39

Parents are encouraged to speak English rather than their native language at home during home literacy activities.

Question 40

African-American English is also called Black English.

Question 41

Federal legislation mandates that school district educators working with students with special needs must

A)​allow private tutoring.
B)​develop an Individualized Education Plan.
C)​urge parents to work as volunteers.
D)​provide developmentally appropriate materials.

Question 42

Considering the long-term use of early childhood stuttering,children in the majority of cases

A)​will continue stuttering into adulthood.
B)​will improve,for it is temporary.
C)​require immediate intervention to improve.
D)​recover by age two.

Question 43

Otitis media may affect an infant's ability to

A)​make social connections.
B)​make appropriate gestures.
C)​babble.
D)​explore the environment.

Question 44

Useful strategies for assisting children with disabilities and special needs include

A)​gesturing and/or signing to help communication.
B)​researching appropriate media and equipment for use in the classroom.
C)​creating visual aids,such as posters and pictures,to supplement instruction.
D)​all of the above

Question 45

It is not very important for a teacher to speak each child's name correctly.

Question 46

Early childhood educators rarely correct a young child's language errors because they

A)​fear it will stop the child from speaking.
B)​are more concerned with meaning and intent.
C)​are poorly trained.
D)​are aware they will sound like they are focused on corrections.

Question 47

A learning disability in language arts refers to significant difficulties in

A)​listening.
B)​speaking.
C)​reading or writing.
D)​all of these answers.

Question 48

Undetected hearing loss during preschool often results in

A)​language delay.
B)​diminished school achievement.
C)​socialization difficulties in young children.
D)​ll of these answers

Question 49

Identification of hearing loss and subsequent help can significantly improve language and cognitive development if it takes place before

A)​three months of age.
B)​six months of age.
C)​twelve months of age.
D)​all of the above.

Question 50

Having a child become bilingual may

A)​improve the child's self esteem.
B)​stress family members who don't speak English.
C)​weaken family relationships.
D)​all the above.

Question 51

Many children who are enrolled in special speech and language treatment programs in lower elementary school

A)​have a history of middle ear infections.
B)​come from middle-class neighborhoods.
C)​did not attend preschools.
D)​have parents who cannot read.

Question 52

Black English is

A)​systematic.
B)​rule-governed.
C)​often stereotyped.
D)​all of these answers.

Question 53

Speech that is spoken rapidly and seems incomplete or jerky,slurred,spoken in bursts,and difficult to understand may be defined as

A)​accented speech.
B)​intoned speech.
C)​receptive speech.
D)​cluttered speech.

Question 54

Children at risk for reading difficulties include

A)​poor children.
B)​preschoolers with expressive language delay.
C)​preschoolers with receptive language delay.
D)​all of these answers.

Question 55

Early childhood educators need to find out what gestures and/or speaking behaviors may offend multicultural families and children.

Question 56

Instruction in English in the U.S.public school system always begins

A)​during preschool attendance.
B)​in first grade.
C)​at some point during elementary school.
D)​none of these answers

Question 57

Most experts recommend that young second language learning children know their own language well before instruction in English begins.

Question 58

In the world today it is natural to speak an additional language besides your native language.

Question 59

The preschool program type that best suits the needs of other-than-English-speaking children

A)​is clearly researched.
B)​has been professionally identified.
C)​is a politicized issue.
D)​has been identified by the U.S.Department of Education.

Question 60

Regional speech dialects in the United States are disappearing due to the influence of mass media.

Question 61

There is no

A)​wrong way to develop programs for English language learners.
B)​comprehensive research that identifies the best program for second language learners.
C)​educator consensus concerning the best program for English language learners.
D)​none of the above.

Question 62

The following is true

A)​Children's intent in speaking is more important than correctness.
B)​Embarrassing a child is a good learning technique because child emotion is involved.
C)​When learning English children think in English.
D)​none of the above.

Question 63

Define accent.

Question 64

Newer research suggests

A)​learning most world languages is not easy.
B)​bilinguals may gain an aptitude to learn a third language.
C)​bilingual children are confused and set back at least a year in language and academic development.
D)​all children should be bilingual.

Question 65

The educator should be aware that

A)​some families expect child silence after adults talk.
B)​some children listen to learn rather than ask questions.
C)​it isn't appropriate to single out children in some cultures.
D)​all the above.

Question 66

Name four child characteristics that might make a preschool child hard to identify as talented or gifted.

Question 67

What are some social and cognitive strategies that young second-language learners use in classrooms that may have helped their progress in the new language?

Question 68

A truly bilingual child speaks

A)​two languages like a native.
B)​two languages with some degree of proficiency.
C)​two languages-one well and one without skill.
D)​two languages-one well and one with only a few words.

Question 69

English language preschool learners need

A)​lots of pretend play opportunities.
B)​teachers who extend and promote the length of pretend play periods.
C)​to hear read-alouds that lead naturally to pretend play.
D)​all the above.

Question 70

If you were searching for preschoolers with outstanding linguistic ability,you would watch for.

A)those with excellent auditory memory.
B)those who answer quickly.
C)those who learn signs and symbols in their native language early.
D)both a.and c.

Question 71

Find the indicators of advanced preschool language achievement in the following list.
1.Seeks out playmates with leadership abilities.
2.Persists in tasks.
3.Large speaking vocabulary.
4.Blocks out distractions when working.
5.Is curious about everything.
6.Prefers to act out ideas.
7.Makes comparisons others don't notice.
8.Seeks to impress his teachers of his smartness.
9.Rarely speaks at circle.
10.Not too interested in other children.
11.Wants to stay at a task for long periods.
12.Understands and uses technology such as computers,etc.
13.Can imagine 'way-out' happenings.
14.Is quiet and slow to express feelings.
15.Is competitive.
16.Is compliant concerning rules.
17.Enjoys teasing others and name calling.
18.A highly attentive listener.
19.Remembers what he hears.
20.Reads some print.

Question 72

What kinds of problems may develop in children with language disorders who do not develop normal language at expected ages and are not referred to experts?

Question 73

A feature of African-American English speakers is

A)​extreme reduction of final consonants.
B)adding extra vowel sounds to words.
C)​emphasis placed on the letter "r" sound.
D)​moving sentence subject to end of a sentence.

Question 74

What problems might non-English-speaking preschoolers encounter in their attempts to play with others?

Question 75

The "multiple literacies" that young children who live in cultures different from the American mainstream culture experience can

A)​be corrected at school if teachers are supplied with the right teaching aids.
B)​cause kindergarten teachers problems.
C)​cause kindergarten teachers problems.
D)​prove to be advantageous and promote literacy skill development.

Question 76

If an early childhood teacher were to learn a second language along with learning Standard English,what language should it be? Explain why.

Question 77

Most educators estimate that learning a second language will take children

A)​at least 3 years to learn it.
B)​until adolescence to learn it.
C)​2 to 6 years to become competent users of English.
D)​less time if they are forced to speak only English.

Question 78

Four important factors that may affect the second-language-learning process and create individual differences in children's learning and progress are

Question 79

Explain the double bind that young other-than-English-speaking preschoolers may face as they attempt to learn English in their classrooms.

Question 80

Successful techniques for classrooms with second language learning children are listed below.Match one item in A Column to the best match in B.Column.