Deck 10: Gender Stratification

Question 1

Margaret Mead argued that gender was mostly a matter of biology rather than culture.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Gender refers simply to whether people are female or male.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Most sociological research suggests that gender is socially constructed and is therefore subject to change.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In the United States,on average,males live longer than females.

Question 5

Research shows that young males have less mathematical ability,but greater verbal ability than young females.

Question 6

In athletics,the performance gap between male and female athletes is increasing.

Question 7

On average,males are both taller and heavier than females.

Question 8

In the United States,administrative support jobs and service jobs have a high concentration of women.

Question 9

George Murdock found that,in the case of many tasks,what one society considers "masculine" another may consider "feminine."

Question 10

Since very few societies have existed without patriarchy,we must conclude that it is inevitable.

Question 11

In a global perspective,the region where women have the least social power in relation to men is North America.

Question 12

Traditional conceptions paint masculine and feminine in opposing terms.

Question 13

Patriarchy provides advantages,but not disadvantages,to males.

Question 14

Like race or social class,gender is a major dimension of social stratification.

Question 15

Today in the United States,only about 10 percent of women with young children work for income.

Question 16

Sexism is the assertion that one sex is innately superior to the other.

Question 17

While playing in peer groups,girls are less likely to play the "win-lose" games favored by boys.

Question 18

Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have the ability to define what is masculine and feminine in various ways.

Question 19

In her famous study,Margaret Mead investigated gender in three African societies.

Question 20

Gender affects the opportunities and constraints each of us encounter throughout our lives.

Question 21

Corporate women still encounter a "glass ceiling" that prevents them from being promoted to high levels in the company.

Question 22

Employed married women do less housework than employed married men.

Question 23

Talcott Parsons described gender in terms of power relationships.

Question 24

A social-conflict account of the history of gender stratification was developed by Friedrich Engels.

Question 25

The beauty myth is the idea that beauty is the key to success in a career.

Question 26

In the teaching profession,the share of teachers who are women increases as the grade level taught increases.

Question 27

In the United States,most police officers,engineers,judges,and college presidents are men.

Question 28

Liberal feminism seeks the elimination of gender itself.

Question 29

In 2011,women were a majority of people elected to the U.S.Congress.

Question 30

In 2009,U.S.women earned 77 cents for every one dollar earned by men.

Question 31

In the United States,a majority of bachelor's degrees are earned by men.

Question 32

In general,western states have a higher percentage of legislators who are women than southern states.

Question 33

In the United States today,two-thirds of physicians are women.

Question 34

In the United States,women gained the right to vote in 1820.

Question 35

The concept of gender refers to

A)the degree of inequality between men and women in a society.
B)the secondary sex characteristics of individuals.
C)the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male.
D)patterns of sexual orientation.

Question 36

In the United States today,women working for income is the rule rather than the exception.

Question 37

Minority women are more economically disadvantaged than white women.

Question 38

One criticism of pornography is that it portrays women as weak and undeserving of respect.

Question 39

The CHAPTER argues that gender is not just a matter of difference in behavior,but also of differences in

A)power.
B)wealth.
C)privileges.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 40

The first women to serve in the U.S.military did so during World War II.

Question 41

In which of the following job categories are the workers mostly women?

A)physicians
B)corporate managers
C)college professors
D)elementary school teachers

Question 42

On average,young men show greater ____ ability than young women;young women show greater _____ ability than young men.

A)intellectual;sensory
B)mathematical;verbal
C)verbal;mathematical
D)sensory;intellectual

Question 43

A majority of U.S.women in which of the following categories enter the labor force?

A)married women with children
B)single women with children
C)divorced women with children
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 44

Comparing the performances of female and male athletes over time shows

A)little or no change in female-male differences in performance.
B)male performances are improving faster than female performances.
C)women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.
D)women now outperform men in most athletic events.

Question 45

In today's U.S.workforce,

A)men and women have the same types of jobs.
B)women and men receive the same pay.
C)women are concentrated in several categories of jobs.
D)a majority of working women hold "pink collar" jobs.

Question 46

Which one of the following statements is correct?

A)Men and women differ physically in some limited ways.
B)Overall,men are physically superior to women.
C)Overall,women are physically superior to men.
D)There are no physical differences between men and women.

Question 47

Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?

A)patriarchy
B)matriarchy
C)monarchy
D)oligarchy

Question 48

On average,do women or men live longer?

A)On average,men outlive women by about one year.
B)On average,women outlive men by about one year.
C)On average,men outlive women by about five years.
D)On average,women outlive men by about five years.

Question 49

Approximately what percentage of U.S.women are working for income today?

A)20 percent
B)30 percent
C)40 percent
D)60 percent

Question 50

Drawing on Janet Lever's observations of children at play,which of the following would you conclude to be true?

A)Gender has little effect on young children.
B)Girls spend much more time at play than boys do.
C)Boys favor games with clear winners and losers.
D)Boys favor games that encourage communication and cooperation.

Question 51

Which of the following factors has helped increase the share of women in the paid labor force over the course of the last century?

A)the increase in the number of people working on farms
B)a high divorce rate
C)the increasing size of U.S.families
D)the fact that working women earn more than working men

Question 52

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males?

A)patriarchy
B)matriarchy
C)monarchy
D)oligarchy

Question 53

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that

A)women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance.
B)beauty is in the eye of the beholder.
C)women prefer men who are physically attractive.
D)women today are as physically attractive as today's men are.

Question 54

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that

A)all societies define masculinity in much the same way.
B)all societies define femininity in much the same way.
C)patterns involving gender are rooted in biology.
D)traits that are defined as feminine in one society may be masculine in another.

Question 55

The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to

A)the barrier that prevents women from being promoted.
B)the fact that women's dreams are easily broken.
C)the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do.
D)the barrier that keeps women in service work.

Question 56

Which concept refers to attitudes and activities that a society links to people of each sex?

A)primary sex characteristics
B)sexual orientation
C)gender roles
D)secondary sex characteristics

Question 57

The point of describing gender in the Israeli kibbutzim is to show that

A)gender is rooted in biology.
B)women can dominate men.
C)cultures define gender in different ways.
D)boys and girls must be raised by biological parents.

Question 58

Throughout the life course,gender shapes

A)human feelings.
B)human thoughts.
C)human actions.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 59

Based on the map and discussion in the text,in which of the following do women have the lowest social standing?

A)Europe
B)North America
C)Africa
D)South America

Question 60

In his global study of how societies view gender,George Murdock found

A)some agreement as to feminine and masculine tasks.
B)men and women were equally likely to be engaged in farming.
C)many tasks were considered masculine by some societies and feminine by others.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 61

Which of the following is an important exception to male domination of the U.S.workplace?

A)Women now own more than 10 million entrepreneurial businesses.
B)Women hold 80 percent of pink-collar jobs.
C)Most college and university faculty are women.
D)A majority of corporate executives are women.

Question 62

What is at the heart of the controversy over women's participation in the military?

A)Women score lower than men on military intelligence (IQ)tests.
B)Women cannot operate high-tech equipment as well as men.
C)Women have only recently joined the U.S.armed forces.
D)Women are seen as nurturers rather than people who kill.

Question 63

In what percentage of rapes and attempted rapes on college campuses does the woman know her attacker?

A)5-10 percent
B)25-30 percent
C)65-70 percent
D)85-90 percent

Question 64

Sexual harassment is an important social issue because

A)it actually targets men more often than women.
B)half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention.
C)it almost always involves blatant threats.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 65

Women earn what share of all associate's and bachelor's degrees in the United States?

A)39 percent
B)49 percent
C)59 percent
D)69 percent

Question 66

Today,women represent ______ of all students on college campuses across the United States.

A)37 percent
B)57 percent
C)77 percent
D)97 percent

Question 67

In 2011,Forbes magazine reported that approximately ___________ of our country's richest people were women.

A)70 percent
B)50 percent
C)30 percent
D)10 percent

Question 68

Which factor accounts for the GREATEST share of the difference in the earnings of working women and men in the United States?

A)differences in education
B)difference in family responsibilities
C)gender discrimination in the workplace
D)the type of work men and women do

Question 69

As of 2011,women held about what share of seats in Congress?

A)17 percent
B)37 percent
C)57 percent
D)77 percent

Question 70

In the United States in 2010,women in the labor force working full time earned ______ to every dollar men earned.

A)97 cents
B)87 cents
C)77 cents
D)57 cents

Question 71

What is a reason to see women as a minority in the United States?

A)At every class level,women have less income,wealth,education,and power than men do.
B)Almost all women see themselves as a minority.
C)In the United States,men outnumber women.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 72

In which of the following nations does the political power of women come closest to that of men?

A)United States
B)Norway
C)China
D)Cuba

Question 73

If you could end violence against women in one setting,doing so in which of the following settings would reduce this type of violence the MOST?

A)the workplace
B)the home
C)public places
D)college campuses

Question 74

For which of the following categories of the U.S.population is it true that women do most of the housework?

A)employed people
B)married people
C)people with children
D)All of these are correct.

Question 75

Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages

A)men to take control of the workplace.
B)growing gender equality.
C)women to have more children.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 76

The concept of "comparable worth" means that

A)women should hold political offices in proportion to their numbers in the population.
B)people should be paid according to the level of skill and responsibility involved in the work.
C)the market system should determine the pay for any job.
D)all jobs should be rewarded equally.

Question 77

Sexual harassment became an issue of national importance in the United States in

A)the 1990s.
B)the 1960s.
C)the 1890s.
D)the 1780s.

Question 78

Women have served in the U.S.armed forces

A)since World War II.
B)since the Vietnam War.
C)since the Persian Gulf War.
D)since colonial times.

Question 79

Which of the following statements about gender and schooling is correct?

A)Boys are more likely than girls to be diagnosed with a learning disability.
B)More boys than girls are placed in special education classes.
C)Most disciplinary problems in schools involve boys.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 80

Most cases of female genital mutilation occur in

A)Latin America.
B)the United States.
C)Africa.
D)Asia.