Deck 12: Economics and Politics

Question 1

The global economy pays little regard to national borders.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The self-employed are more likely to have blue-collar jobs than white-collar jobs.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

In the United States,union membership is higher today than ever before.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In recent years,the lowest unemployment rates in the United States have been among teenagers.

Question 5

One effect of computer technology is giving workers greater power over their employers.

Question 6

The Information Revolution requires workers to gain literacy skills instead of the mechanical skills that were important during the Industrial Revolution.

Question 7

Taken together,local,state,and federal governments are the U.S.'s largest single employer.

Question 8

Compared to agricultural work,industrial jobs involve less specialization.

Question 9

The concept "state capitalism" refers all productive enterprises in a country being owned by the government.

Question 10

Monopoly refers to a corporation that operates within a single sector of the economy.

Question 11

Denmark is an example of a European nation with a system of welfare capitalism in which high taxes pay for extensive government-provided benefits.

Question 12

The U.S.workforce is becoming more "white," even as immigration rates rise.

Question 13

The concept "paraprofessional" refers to work that requires skills,but typically lacks a broad theoretical knowledge of a field.

Question 14

A recent trend in the United States is a steady rise in the share of small businesses owned by women.

Question 15

The invention of the corporation is generally taken as the point at which a postindustrial society emerged.

Question 16

The economy organizes the production,distribution,and consumption of goods and services.

Question 17

Oligopoly refers to any company that operates in more than one country.

Question 18

Conglomerates are giant corporations composed of many smaller corporations.

Question 19

The concepts "primary sector," "secondary sector," and "tertiary sector" refer to how productive a sector is in terms of economic value.

Question 20

Socialist economies create greater economic equality than capitalist economies,but with a lower overall living standard.

Question 21

Rational-legal authority is also called "bureaucratic authority" because it is legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations.

Question 22

The text describes three technological revolutions that transformed all of social life.Which of the following is NOT one of them?

A)the Agricultural Revolution
B)the Industrial Revolution
C)the Immigration Revolution
D)the Information Revolution

Question 23

Gay rights is one example of a social issue.

Question 24

As a social institution,the economy

A)produces and distributes goods and services.
B)guides the consumption of goods and services.
C)operates in a relatively predictable manner.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 25

Large corporations dominate many markets in the global economy.

Question 26

According to Max Weber,authority is just another word for power.

Question 27

The pluralist model states that the United States is far less democratic than most people would like to think.

Question 28

Just as the economy is becoming more and more global,so is the world developing a single global political system.

Question 29

In a totalitarian political system,one political organization claims total control of society.

Question 30

African Americans tend to be more politically liberal than whites.

Question 31

Charismatic authority is based on extraordinary personal abilities.

Question 32

Special interest groups represent liberal interests,while political action committees represent conservative interests.

Question 33

Authoritarian governments give people little voice in politics.

Question 34

The sociologist closely associated with the power-elite model is C.Wright Mills.

Question 35

Democracy and rational-legal authority are linked,just as monarchy and traditional authority are linked.

Question 36

Authority refers to power that people perceive as coercive.

Question 37

Weber's idea of the routinization of charisma is the claim that charisma does not exist in the modern world.

Question 38

The concept of "government" refers to the formal organization that directs the political life of a society.

Question 39

Extensive civil liberties make democratic societies more vulnerable to terrorism.

Question 40

The concept "military-industrial complex" refers to the close association among the federal government,the military,and defense industries.

Question 41

The Industrial Revolution was based on

A)the spread of cottage industry.
B)people beginning to work in their homes.
C)a decrease in productive specialization.
D)new sources of energy.

Question 42

Socialism is an economic system in which there is

A)collective control of production.
B)private ownership of property.
C)pursuit of individual profit.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 43

In a capitalist economic system,"justice" amounts to

A)doing what is best for society's poorest members.
B)everyone being more or less economically equal.
C)freedom of the marketplace allowing people to follow their self-interest.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 44

The concept "state capitalism" refers to a system in which

A)the government owns and operates most economic enterprises.
B)privately owned companies cooperate closely with the government.
C)the government owns but does not operate most economic enterprises.
D)large businesses control the government.

Question 45

Which of the following statements about the Information Revolution is NOT correct?

A)There was a shift from making tangible products to generating ideas.
B)There was a shift from mechanical skills to literacy skills.
C)There was a shift from farming to turning raw materials into finished products.
D)There was a shift from working in factories to working almost anywhere.

Question 46

Looking at economies around the world,the primary sector is the largest in

A)high-income nations.
B)middle-income nations.
C)low-income nations.
D)It is the same size in all nations.

Question 47

Capitalism is an economic system in which there is

A)government control of production.
B)private ownership of property.
C)pursuit of collective goals.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 48

The postindustrial economy is defined by

A)the spread of factories.
B)mass production of goods and services.
C)manufacturing of raw materials.
D)service work and computer technology.

Question 49

Which of the following concepts refers to a political and economic system that combines a mostly market-based economy with extensive social welfare programs?

A)capitalism
B)socialism
C)welfare capitalism
D)communism

Question 50

What sector of the economy generates raw materials directly from the natural environment?

A)primary sector
B)secondary sector
C)tertiary sector
D)None of these responses is correct.

Question 51

Globalization of the economy means that

A)world regions specialize in one sector of economic activity.
B)more and more products pass through several nations.
C)a small number of businesses represent a huge share of global economic output.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 52

The social thinker whose ideas supported the operation of a free-market economy most was

A)Thorstein Veblen.
B)Adam Smith.
C)Karl Marx.
D)Max Weber.

Question 53

An example of a European country with a mostly private economy and extensive social welfare programs is

A)Germany.
B)Sweden.
C)Spain.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 54

The expansion of office work marks the growth of the economy's

A)primary sector.
B)secondary sector.
C)tertiary sector.
D)None of these responses is correct.

Question 55

Which of the following concepts refers to an economy based on computer technology?

A)postindustrial economy
B)industrial economy
C)technological economy
D)agrarian economy

Question 56

Which of the following DOES NOT describe the operation of a socialist economy?

A)collective orientation
B)government control of production
C)laissez-faire economy
D)command economy

Question 57

In the United States,about what percentage of the labor force performs tertiary sector work?

A)15 percent
B)35 percent
C)50 percent
D)80 percent

Question 58

Which of the following new sources of energy launched the Industrial Revolution?

A)the gasoline engine
B)the steam engine
C)wind power
D)electricity

Question 59

The economy first became a distinct social institution during which historical stage of technological development?

A)hunting and gathering societies
B)agrarian societies
C)industrial societies
D)postindustrial societies

Question 60

The United States is a mostly capitalist nation because

A)the vast majority of productive businesses are privately owned.
B)we have a system of free elections.
C)of our high living standards.
D)of the extensive government control of the economy.

Question 61

Max Weber defined power as

A)simply a reflection of wealth.
B)the ability to achieve desired ends,despite resistance.
C)the operation of a government.
D)the source of all bureaucracy.

Question 62

Modernization theorists see large corporations as

A)offering little to help poor nations seeking to develop.
B)unleashing the productive power of capitalism to speed development in poor nations.
C)responsible for the debt crisis in many poor nations.
D)needing the technology currently available in poor nations.

Question 63

Politics is a social institution that is defined in terms of a society's

A)distribution of power,goals,and decision making.
B)technology.
C)income distribution.
D)means of production.

Question 64

Industrialization decreases the importance of which type of authority?

A)traditional authority
B)rational-legal authority
C)charismatic authority
D)no authority at all

Question 65

In the United States about what share of the population aged sixteen and older is in the paid labor force?

A)19 percent
B)39 percent
C)59 percent
D)79 percent

Question 66

Dependency theorists see large corporations as

A)the key to meeting the needs of people in poor nations.
B)helping poor nations to develop local industries.
C)a major source of foreign investment for poor nations.
D)intensifying global inequality.

Question 67

Read the four descriptions below.Which of them does NOT apply to a profession?

A)having theoretical knowledge of a field
B)working for a large,well-established company
C)having authority over clients
D)professing a community,rather than an individual,orientation

Question 68

Max Weber said that with charismatic authority,a crisis results with

A)the death of the leader.
B)the fact that few people follow a charismatic leader.
C)the fact that charisma existed only in the ancient world.
D)All of these are correct.

Question 69

In recent decades,union membership

A)has risen in the United States and other high-income nations.
B)has risen in the United States,but not in other high-income nations.
C)has declined in the United States,but not in other high-income nations.
D)has declined in the United States and other high-income nations.

Question 70

As Max Weber saw it,the essential difference between power and authority is

A)authority is more rational.
B)people perceive authority as legitimate,rather than coercive.
C)raw power is always the foundation of justice.
D)power is more efficient in getting the job done.

Question 71

Contrasted to socialist economic systems,capitalist economic systems are typically

A)equally productive.
B)more productive.
C)less productive.
D)not concerned with productivity.

Question 72

Computers are having which of the following effects on the workplace?

A)Computers are deskilling labor.
B)Computers are limiting workplace interaction.
C)Computers enhance employers' control of workers.
D)All of these responses are correct.

Question 73

Which of the following concepts refers to the formal organization that directs the political life of a society?

A)the political system
B)rational-legal authority
C)the power elite
D)government

Question 74

Preindustrial societies,explained Max Weber,are characterized by having

A)mostly traditional authority.
B)mostly rational-legal authority.
C)mostly charismatic authority.
D)no authority at all.

Question 75

A conglomerate is

A)a giant corporation composed of many smaller corporations.
B)a corporation in the manufacturing sector.
C)a corporation engaged in both legal and illegal activity.
D)any company that completely dominates a market.

Question 76

The concept "oligopoly" refers to

A)any corporation with more than $1 billion in sales.
B)the largest company in a particular field.
C)domination of a market by a few producers.
D)a large company operating in all three economic sectors.

Question 77

By 1950,most of the people in the U.S.labor force had which type of job?

A)white-collar
B)blue-collar
C)pink-collar
D)farming

Question 78

Which category of the U.S.population is showing the greatest labor-force increase in terms of percentage?

A)white men
B)Hispanic women
C)white women
D)African American women

Question 79

Concerning the issue of personal freedom,capitalist systems emphasize people's _____,while socialist systems emphasize people's _____.

A)collective needs;personal needs
B)freedom from basic want;freedom to pursue their self-interest
C)freedom to pursue their self-interest;freedom from basic want
D)social needs;material needs

Question 80

People who attract followers,including Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King,display

A)traditional authority.
B)rational-legal authority.
C)charismatic authority.
D)power rather than authority.