Deck 14: Squeezing Power From a Stone: Energy Resources

Question 1

Matter that stores energy in a readily useable form is termed ____________.

A)antimatter
B)fuel
C)phlogiston
D)erg

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Tar has a much lower viscosity than gasoline.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The oil window (temperature range wherein organic matter is converted to petroleum without destroying it)lies between ____________.

A)30°C and 60°C
B)100°C and 250°C
C)90°C and 160°C
D)200°C and 350°C

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Hydrocarbons are chain-like or ring-like molecules made of carbon and ____________ atoms.

A)helium
B)oxygen
C)water
D)hydrogen

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT one of the five fundamental sources of energy?

A)nuclear fusion within the Sun
B)geothermal energy
C)energy stored within chemical bonds
D)fossil fuels

Question 6

The most commonly used sources of industrial energy in the United States today are ____________ and ____________.

A)coal;oil
B)oil;natural gas
C)coal;natural gas
D)nuclear;hydrothermal

Question 7

Organic matter builds up evenly over the entire surface of the ocean floor.

Question 8

Most of the world's coal was deposited in coal swamps during the ____________.

A)Cretaceous
B)Ordovician
C)Carboniferous
D)Jurassic

Question 9

In order to produce a commercially viable oil deposit,there must be a source rock,a reservoir rock,a seal rock,and a ____________.

A)large fracture connecting the reservoir rock to the surface of the Earth,so the oil can move freely toward the surface
B)filter rock-a rock of intermediate permeability located between the source and the reservoir rocks to remove impurities
C)heater rock-an intrusive igneous rock beneath the source rock to heat the oil and give it buoyancy
D)trap-a geologic configuration that forces oil to pool up and denies it passage to the surface

Question 10

Coal is the altered remains of ancient ____________.

A)dinosaurs
B)plankton
C)terrestrial plants
D)mammals

Question 11

Hydrocarbons consisting of short carbon chains are ____________.

A)more volatile than hydrocarbons with longer chains
B)more viscous than hydrocarbons with longer chains
C)typically stable in a solid state at room temperatures
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 12

A permeable and porous rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock

Question 13

A buried body of rock that is induced by heat to exude oil is termed a ____________.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock

Question 14

All porous rocks are highly permeable.

Question 15

Which of the following lists contains only fossil fuels?

A)coal,oil,natural gas
B)coal,geothermal,wind
C)coal,wood,natural gas
D)hydroelectric,geothermal,wind

Question 16

Most of the hydrocarbons within oil and natural gas are derived from the breakdown of organic matter from once-living ____________.

A)dinosaurs
B)plankton
C)terrestrial plants
D)mammals

Question 17

Permeability is a measure of ____________.

A)how many pores are present within a rock
B)the percentage of rock volume that is comprised of pores
C)how well the pores within rock are connected
D)the mass of a body of rock divided by the mass of an equal volume of water

Question 18

The greatest depth at which oil is found is ____________.

A)about 1 km below the surface
B)about 6.5 km below the surface
C)at the Moho
D)at the base of the lithosphere

Question 19

Chemically,oil and gas are both ____________.

A)pure forms of carbon
B)carbohydrates
C)hydrocarbons
D)carbonate minerals

Question 20

Before the discovery of coal,humans did NOT produce or consume energy.

Question 21

An impermeable rock,regardless of lithology,is a good candidate to serve as a ____________ in an oil-producing scenario.

A)reservoir rock
B)seal rock
C)source rock

Question 22

Miners used to take canaries into coal mines primarily because ____________.

A)their singing provided companionship
B)their singing increased productivity
C)they would die of gas poisoning before miners would,providing them with a warning system
D)they ferried notes among workers on opposite sides of the mines

Question 23

Shale,salt,and fine-grained limestone that is not fractured are all good candidates to serve as ____________ within an oil field.

A)a reservoir rock
B)a seal rock
C)a source rock
D)either a source rock or a reservoir rock

Question 24

If a drilled well encounters both oil and natural gas,the ____________.

A)gas will naturally be floating on top of the oil
B)oil will float above the level of the gas
C)gas and oil are expected to be thoroughly mixed together
D)gas will exist in a dissolved state within the oil

Question 25

Which of the following is NOT an important type of oil trap?

A)salt dome
B)syncline
C)stratigraphic
D)anticline

Question 26

Which organic substance is produced by black organic shales at temperatures below the oil window?

A)gold
B)coal
C)kerogen
D)keratin

Question 27

Within hydrocarbon systems,microbes will biodegrade larger molecules,leaving smaller molecules.

Question 28

____________ create(s)an easy route for oil to follow from the rock to a well.

A)Hydrofracturing
B)Seismic-reflection
C)Drilling mud
D)Pumps

Question 29

____________ is/are an example of alternative hydrocarbon sources.

A)Gas hydrate
B)Tar sands
C)Oil shale
D)All of the above are correct.

Question 30

Which fossil fuel,oil or natural gas,is found at greater depths within Earth,and why?

A)oil,because it is more stable at high temperatures
B)oil,because it is more stable at low pressures
C)gas,because it is more stable at high temperatures
D)gas,because it is more stable at low pressures

Question 31

Which gas is most abundantly produced from the burning of coal?

A)sulfur dioxide
B)carbon monoxide
C)carbon dioxide
D)oxygen

Question 32

Most coal is mined from ____________,which develop and preserve the thick sedimentary sequences necessary for deep burial.

A)domes
B)basins
C)shields
D)active margins

Question 33

Crude oil "floats" over natural gas in the pore space of a reservoir rock.

Question 34

Coal layers buried under less than 100 m of sediment are usually mined with which technique?

A)underground mining
B)strip mining

Question 35

Natural gas ____________.

A)consists of longer carbon chains as compared to oil
B)is denser than oil
C)is produced at higher temperatures than oil
D)is produced at higher temperatures than graphite

Question 36

Oil taken directly from the ground,without artificial chemical alteration,is termed ____________.

A)crude oil
B)raw oil
C)crass oil
D)protooil

Question 37

A black,organic-rich shale could likely serve as either of which two necessary types of rocks within oil fields?

A)source rock or seal rock
B)reservoir rock or seal rock
C)source rock or reservoir rock

Question 38

Oil drilling not only provides gasoline and electrical power but also material incorporated in ____________.

A)textiles
B)plastics
C)rubber
D)cement

Question 39

Which sequence of coal ranks is ordered from lowest to highest?

A)anthracite,bituminous,lignite
B)lignite,bituminous,anthracite
C)bituminous,lignite,anthracite
D)bituminous,anthracite,lignite

Question 40

____________ is/are NOT an example of alternative hydrocarbon sources.

A)Methane hydrate
B)Peat bogs
C)Oil shales
D)Tar sands

Question 41

____________ occurs when a neutron strikes a radioactive atom.

A)Fusion
B)Fission
C)Splitting
D)Splicing

Question 42

U-235,the isotope of uranium commonly utilized in nuclear power plants,is ____________.

A)the most common of the naturally occurring isotopes of that element
B)heavier than the other well-known isotope of uranium
C)rare even in uranium oxide deposits,and thus usable reactor fuel must be enriched with respect to this isotope

Question 43

The world's supply of oil is likely to be depleted in about ____________ years.

A)10
B)100
C)1,000
D)1 million

Question 44

Geothermal energy provides a low-cost alternative to fossil fuels throughout most of the populated world.

Question 45

Nuclear reactions within power plants do not produce the explosive reactions characteristic of atomic bombs primarily because the ____________.

A)isotope of uranium used in power plants never undergoes explosive fission and therefore was never used in bombs
B)amount of uranium within nuclear fuel rods is enough to sustain a chain reaction but is less than the critical mass necessary for the reaction to become explosive

Question 46

Which of the following is a renewable resource?

A)coal
B)oil
C)wind
D)natural gas

Question 47

Aside from the possibility of a meltdown,nuclear power provides no other major problems or concerns.

Question 48

____________ is/are harnessed from the potential energy of water.

A)Hydroelectric power
B)Solar energy
C)Biofuels
D)Hydrologic energy

Question 49

Coalbed methane is a valuable energy source that has been utilized since the turn of the century.

Question 50

Congress has proposed storing nuclear waste beneath ____________.

A)Teapot Dome,Wyoming
B)Grand Tetons National Park,Wyoming
C)Yucca Mountain,Nevada
D)Camel Rock,New Mexico