Deck 3: Scientific Management, bureaucracy, and the Emergence of the Modern Organization

Question 1

As a waitress Lucia greets all of her customers with a smile and maintains a positive demeanor throughout their meals,even if a customer is demanding or rude.She is engaged in:

A)Rationalization
B)Disenchantment
C)Emotional labor
D)Charismatic labor

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Jennifer works for an organization where favoritism and nepotism are the order of the day;despite her excellent work skills and qualifications,she is unable to get promoted and is thinking of leaving the organization.From Weber's perspective,which form of authority best characterizes this organization:
E)Traditional
F)Charismatic
G)Rational-legal
H)Capitalist

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Andrew is part of an organization in which the organizational rules and regulations are clearly defined in its governing documents and organizational members are treated impartially.From Weber's perspective,which form of authority best characterizes this organization?

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Rational-legal
D)Capitalist

Answer 3

C

Question 4

In Taylor's system of scientific management,the primary place where managers located control of the labor process was in:

A)The supervisor who observed how each worker performed his/her work.
B)The worker's body.
C)The impersonal system of rules and regulations that dictated how work was performed.
D)The integration of conception and execution of work into each worker.

Question 5

No Child Left Behind (in which each student must meet government mandated standards)is an example of the education process as:

A)Departmentalized
B)Humanized
C)Corporatized
D)Rationalized

Question 6

In the early 19th century approximately what percentage of U.S.citizens were self-employed:

A)10%
B)25%
C)60%
D)80%

Question 7

Weber argued that the rational-legal authority system and its bureaucratic structure promoted the development of capitalism because:

A)Bureaucracy enhances the speed of business operations
B)Business people are encouraged to make decisions for emotional reasons
C)Bureaucracy encourages innovation
D)None of the above

Question 8

According to Weber,the rationality of modern human society:

A)Led to a broadening of human vision
B)Liberated society from myth and superstition
C)Strengthened a sense of community
D)Was the only road to truth and social harmony

Question 9

According to Weber's perspective,industry leaders such as John D.Rockefeller and Steve Jobs exhibited which type of authority?

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Rational-Legal
D)None of the above

Question 10

Keegan is far from satisfied in his job.Sure,he gets a paycheck,but he feels like he is treated more like an automaton than a creative,intelligent human being.Management in this workplace most closely resemble which theorist's view of the worker?

A)Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
B)Elton Mayo
C)Frederick Taylor
D)Emile Durkheim

Question 11

The workers in an automobile factory know that they can perform tasks faster than they already do,but they collectively limit their output in order to limit management's knowledge of the labor process.This is called:

A)Scientific Management
B)Natural Soldiering
C)Systematic Soldiering
D)Systematic Withholding

Question 12

The way in which Taylor's system is practically implemented requires a model of communication that is consistent with the discourse of:

A)Representation
B)Understanding
C)Suspicion
D)Vulnerability

Question 13

The process of making a McDonald's cheeseburger has been "perfected" over time to be extremely efficient;in fact,there's a 700-page manual that explains how this is done.What concept most aptly identifies this process?

A)Taylor's "One Best Way"
B)Taylor's "Worker Satisfaction"
C)The Gilbreths' "Time and Motion"
D)Weber's "Iron Cage of Bureaucracy"

Question 14

Which of the following is a basic principle of scientific management?

A)The work task is designed according to "rules of thumb"
B)Workers choose their own work and train themselves
C)Managers provide a supportive supervisory environment that provides workers with a sense of achievement
D)Workers are responsible for both the planning labor of work

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of scientific management in today's workplace?

A)Telephone sales in which the caller follows a script
B)Grocery checkout in which the computer measures the efficiency and speed of the clerks
C)Fast food preparation
D)All of the above

Question 16

In his current company,John,a network engineer,often works from home on his own schedule.When he does go in to the office,he may stay one hour,or he may stay 10.When a project is in a critical stage he puts in at least 60 hours per week.At other times,he may work approximately 20 to 30 hours a week.Which type of time best describes Mike's work time:

A)Clock-time
B)Task-time
C)Mixed-time
D)Idle-time

Question 17

When Max Weber speaks of the "disenchantment of the world," he is referring to:

A)The ways in which traditional authority is limiting the full development of bureaucratic efficiency
B)The "gain spirit" of Protestantism as a catalyst for the emergence of capitalism.
C)The notion that within any economic system the ideas of the ruling class are the ruling ideas.
D)The ways in which processes of rationalization are limiting charisma and creativity in Western bureaucratic systems.

Question 18

Which of the following helped make industrialization possible?

A)The invention of the steam engine
B)Large number of immigrants to the U.S.
C)Enclosure laws in the U.K.
D)All of the above

Question 19

Alex and Sam are having their kitchen completely remodeled.Their builder recommends that they incorporate work centers in the new kitchen,specifically areas for cooking,cleaning and mixing.These areas should be designed to minimize any unnecessary motion and thus increase efficiency.Which management theory provides the foundation for this recommendation?

A)Taylor's scientific management
B)Gilbreths' scientific management
C)Weber's bureaucracy
D)Braverman's craft system

Question 20

In Frank and Lillian Gilbreth's scientific management system,the "Therblig" was:

A)A basic unit of motion involved in a work task.
B)The optimal amount of iron ore a worker should carry on a shovel.
C)The optimal distance between the stove and the sink in a scientifically designed kitchen.
D)The sum total of all motions performed in a work task.

Question 21

According to Weber,authority based in custom and tradition is ___________________ authority.

Question 22

The Gilbreths argued for the need to increase workers' job satisfaction and minimize their fatigue.

Question 23

Opposition to scientific management came both from labor unions and factory owners.

Question 24

Scientific Management was developed by an engineer named _________________________.

Question 25

The shift from task-time to clock-time was an important feature in the emergence of industrial capitalism because through this shift,time became a form of currency.

Question 26

___________________________________ is the deliberate and coordinated effort of workers to restrict output by limiting the speed at which they perform work.

Question 27

The progressive ideology of the early 1900s connected efficiency with social harmony.

Question 28

Marx calls the process in which workers are separated from the means by which to engage in the production of goods _______________________________.

Question 29

According to Weber,authority based on an impersonal system of rules and responsibilities is ____________________ authority.

Question 30

Taylor's writings are generally descriptive,whereas Weber's are prescriptive.

Question 31

Scientific management was ultimately rejected in favor of a human relations approach to management.

Question 32

In early industrial capitalism,employees attempted to enact a strict sense of time - clock time - in order to limit their working hours.

Question 33

Management by rule of thumb and use of arbitrary principles is called ____________________ management.

Question 34

The sociologist and philosopher who is credited with developing the bureaucratic model of organizational behavior was ___________________________.

Question 35

The ____________ division of labor divides society into different occupations,and has been a feature of all societies for thousands of years.

Question 36

The manufacturing division of labor divides society into different occupations,and has been a feature of all societies for thousands of years.

Question 37

According to Weber,authority based on the ability of a particular individual to exercise authority over others by virtue of their special abilities is __________________ authority.

Question 38

Frederick Taylor saw communication and cooperation amongst workers as problematic.

Question 39

The process by which all aspects of the natural and social world become increasingly subject to planning,calculation,and efficiency is __________________________.

Question 40

The term "employee" was originally used exclusively to describe railroad workers.