Deck 21: Progressivism

Question 1

Which of the following statements best illustrates the ideas contained in Woodrow Wilson's commitment to a "New Freedom"?

A)Give the federal government temporary power in order to dismantle trusts.
B)Give the federal government power to regulate the trusts.
C)Transfer ownership of trust companies to the federal government.
D)Give states more power to regulate business and industry within their borders.
E)Adopt a laissez faire approach to business.

Answer 1

Give the federal government temporary power in order to dismantle trusts.

Question 2

"Realism," characterized by skepticism and detachment,

A)evolved from working-class writers' and artists' depictions of their lives through fiction.
B)emphasized the virtue of the formal,constitutional theory of democratic processes.
C)evolved from writers' attempts to portray American life as it " truly was."
D)emulated a similar movement in Europe.
E)described Americans' attitude toward politics.

Answer 2

evolved from writers' attempts to portray American life as it " truly was."

Question 3

Which of the following states was not among the first to enfranchise women?

A)Idaho
B)Wyoming
C)Utah
D)New York
E)Colorado

Answer 3

New York

Question 4

All of the following are true of newspapers in this time except

A)the number of newspapers produced went up.
B)the newspapers attracted more talented men and women to write for them.
C)journalists gained more wealth and prestige.
D)publishers were more receptive to stories that would appeal to wider audiences.
E)newspapers increasingly focused on political issues and avoided major social issues.

Question 5

Theodore Roosevelt became known as a "trust-buster" because he directed the Justice Department to prosecute

A)Standard Oil.
B)Northern Securities Company.
C)Hormel Meatpackers.
D)American Telegraph and Telephone.
E)American Tobacco Company.

Question 6

Muckraking was

A)a term coined by Jane Addams that referred to the kinds of jobs immigrants were forced to take.
B)a banking scandal precipitated by J.P Morgan.
C)the term describing writers who sold sensational fiction stories to the media to generate public outrage.
D)an insulting term used to describe politicians.
E)a term coined by Theodore Roosevelt.

Question 7

All of the following bills passed during Wilson's first term except

A)the Kern-McGillicuddy Act (worker compensation for Federal employees).
B)the Adamson Act (8-hour work day).
C)the Hepburn Act (railroad regulation).
D)the Keating-Owen Act (child labor regulations).
E)Federal Reserve Act (creating a national banking system).

Question 8

Which of the following statements best describes the central tenets of Theodore Roosevelt's "New Nationalism"?

A)renewed commitment to deregulate free-market capitalism
B)regulation of business and industries by private industry councils
C)strengthening of the federal government for the purpose of monitoring business and industry
D)a return to a premarket rural economy government
E)ownership of the major means of production.

Question 9

Settlement houses

A)were boarding houses in which middle-class women lived together before marriage.
B)were government-sponsored homes for the poor.
C)provided a myriad of social services to neighborhood dwellers.
D)served primarily as social clubs.
E)were built by politicians to gain the votes of immigrants.

Question 10

Municipal political reform such as the city commission plan in Galveston was

A)inspired by civic-minded businessmen who wanted government to be modeled after the private sector.
B)insignificant compared to national political reform.
C)the main purpose of "machine" politics.
D)an eastern movement.
E)inspired by European immigrants.

Question 11

The first American settlement house was

A)founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889,in Chicago.
B)Toynbee Hall.
C)founded by prominent Chicago businessman Charles Hull.
D)founded by muckraker Ida Tarbell.
E)founded in Washington,D.C.by the federal government.

Question 12

The nation's first settlement house was in which of the following cities?

A)New York City
B)Chicago
C)Boston
D)Philadelphia
E)Atlanta

Question 13

Which of the following bills was not passed during Theodore Roosevelt's tenure in office?

A)Hepburn Act
B)Pure Food and Drug Act
C)Clayton Anti-Trust Act
D)Meat Inspection Act
E)Public Lands Commission

Question 14

Which of the following was not a political reform designed to weaken the power of party bosses in national politics?

A)the introduction of the direct primary the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment
B)granting female suffrage
C)the passage of the Seventeenth Amendment
D)mandating the direct election of senators
E)the introduction of the initiative and the referendum the recall

Question 15

After Wilson's and Roosevelt's tenures in office,which of the following statements could not be said to be true?

A)The federal government gained more power.
B)The tariff was eliminated.
C)A federal banking system was established.
D)The role of the president was redefined and strengthened.
E)A new commitment to conservation had emerged.

Question 16

Who of the following was not a candidate in the 1912 presidential election?

A)William Taft
B)Eugene Debs
C)William McKinley
D)Theodore Roosevelt
E)Woodrow Wilson

Question 17

Socialism

A)never developed support in the United States.
B)was a European movement that had no relevance to American society and politics.
C)had a substantial and significant impact on Progressivism.
D)attracted only college-educated intellectuals.
E)was eliminated in America before the turn of the century.

Question 18

Which of the following was not an aspect of Progressive Era municipal reform?

A)a city manager plan
B)a city commissioner plan
C)public utilities
D)a balanced budget
E)elimination of corruption

Question 19

As a result of election-law reform in the late 19ᵗʰ and early 20ᵗʰ century,

A)blacks in the South were largely disenfranchised.
B)Asian immigrants were granted voting rights when they became citizens.
C)all citizens over the age of 18 were granted voting rights.
D)it became possible to register and vote on the same day.
E)more immigrants became involved in politics.

Question 20

Middle-class female reformers like Florence Kelley and Jane Addams

A)promoted a feminist agenda.
B)tended to be married and have families.
C)were cultural conservatives concerned about female sexuality and alcohol consumption.
D)were sympathetic to the role alcohol played in different ethnic traditions.
E)championed sexual freedom.

Question 21

Woodrow Wilson was all of the following except

A)the first southerner elected president since the Civil War.
B)a professional educator with a Ph.D.in political science.
C)a deeply religious progressive who believed in peaceful,orderly reform.
D)a Democrat
E)a firm believer in racial equality.

Question 22

William Howard Taft was a

A)corrupt,incompetent professional politician.
B)strong preservationist in regard to the national forests.
C)cautious and conservative leader whose specialty was constitutional law.
D)dynamic,aggressive personality who loved public confrontations.
E)Democrat.

Question 23

Progressive views on voting rights included the belief that

A)the vote that should be granted only to those responsible enough to handle it.
B)blacks were racially and culturally unfit and should be denied the vote.
C)immigrants should become citizens before being allowed to vote.
D)citizenship should be difficult to achieve.
E)all of these choices.

Question 24

As a result of Florence Kelley's investigations,Illinois

A)cleaned up the meat packing plants.
B)taxed the production and sale of alcoholic beverages.
C)established free legal clinics for needy people.
D)closed down Hull House.
E)outlawed child labor and established the eight-hour day for women workers.

Question 25

Municipal Reformers wanted which of the following running local governments?

A)members from one party only
B)experts in various fields
C)career politicians only
D)other Progressive reformers
E)middle-class white Americans

Question 26

Which of the following pairs of muckrakers and issues is incorrect?

A)Lincoln Steffens-political corruption
B)Ida Tarbell-shady business practices
C)George Kibbe Turner-prostitution
D)Upton Sinclair-meat packing
E)Jane Addams-sharecropping

Question 27

Debate among the presidential candidates in 1912 focused on

A)women's suffrage.
B)foreign policy.
C)civil rights.
D)the trusts.
E)the railroads.

Question 28

Theodore Roosevelt's environmental policy reflected his belief that

A)national forests and wildlife should be protected from human encroachment.
B)public land and natural resources should be scientifically managed and efficiently developed.
C)cattlemen and lumber companies should have free use of public lands.
D)local and state governments were responsible for regulating natural resources.
E)public lands should be sold to private enterprise.

Question 29

All of the following describe the role of saloons in ethnic,working-class neighborhoods except

A)they drained family finances and contributed to domestic violence.
B)they offered workers decent places to eat lunch.
C)they offered loans and check cashing services.
D)they were supported by progressive reformers as positive assets in working-class communities.
E)they offered traditional ethnic food and drinks.

Question 30

Under the city manager plan,

A)city commissioners set policy while the executive officer implemented policy.
B)the city manager position was an elected two-year office.
C)poor and minority voters' influence increased.
D)voting fraud and graft were completely eliminated.
E)all of these choices

Question 31

Theodore Roosevelt's antitrust policy reflected his belief that the

A)best solution would be see all monopolies destroyed.
B)economy would profit from an increase in the number of small,family-owned businesses.
C)federal government should not interfere with the economy.
D)federal government should own all monopolies.
E)federal government should only dissolve monopolies that violated the law.

Question 32

Robert LaFollette is noted as

A)the Republican governor and U.S.senator who led the Progressive reform movement in Wisconsin.
B)the head of the most corrupt political machine in U.S.history.
C)the first socialist elected to national office.
D)Woodrow Wilson's secretary of state.
E)the leader of conservative Republicans in Congress.

Question 33

The leading spokesperson for the disabled was

A)Julia Lathrop.
B)Helen Keller
C)Edith Abbott.
D)Sophonistra Breckinridge.
E)Florence Kelley.

Question 34

All of the following statements regarding Eugene V Debs are true except he

A)was imprisoned in 1895 for leading the Pullman strike.
B)was a radical revolutionary who called for the violent overthrow of capitalism.
C)was the leader and founder of the Socialist Party of America.
D)was a presidential candidate in the election of 1912.
E)saw himself as the savior of American political and cultural traditions.

Question 35

The modern civil rights movement began with the

A)Seneca Falls convention.
B)founding of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
C)passage of the Fifteenth Amendment.
D)election of Woodrow Wilson as president of the United States.
E)founding of Tuskegee Institute.

Question 36

The Progressives were

A)all members of the Republican Party.
B)isolationists in foreign policy.
C)mostly Protestant middle-class idealists and reformers.
D)mostly laissez-faire politicians and conservative businessmen.
E)mostly farmers.

Question 37

The introduction of the Australian ballot

A)failed to solve major problems with voting.
B)was opposed by Progressive politicians.
C)allowed political parties to print ballots and supervise voting.
D)ended corruption in American politics.
E)required voters to vote in private rather than in public.

Question 38

All of the following contributed to the 1912 split in the Republican party except

A)Progressive dissatisfaction with the Payne-Aldrich tariff.
B)controversy over efforts to limit the power of the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
C)old guard opposition to Taft's conservation policy.
D)conservative manipulation of the nominating convention in favor of Taft.
E)Gifford Pinchot's opposition to the Taft administration.

Question 39

In 1915,the Supreme Court

A)endorsed the separate but equal principle.
B)outlawed railroad rebates.
C)invalidated "grandfather clauses" that allowed certain whites to vote in Oklahoma and Maryland.
D)declared poll taxes unconstitutional.
E)declared segregation unconstitutional.

Question 40

The NAACP

A)was created and controlled entirely by black activists.
B)advocated violence as a means of ending discrimination.
C)initiated lawsuits challenging segregation and voting discrimination.
D)continued the policy of accommodation established by Booker T.Washington.
E)no longer exists.

Question 41

Theodore Roosevelt's concern for the environment is best described as preservationist.

Question 42

The Federal Reserve Act reflected Woodrow Wilson's New Freedom principles by breaking up private financial institutions.

Question 43

After his first term,President Theodore Roosevelt won the support of working-class Americans because they believed he was willing to use the federal government to arbitrate labor disputes.

Question 44

Popular magazines like McClure's appealed to the buying public by publishing sensational stories exposing the ills of American society.

Question 45

The Federal Reserve Act established all of the following except

A)a national bank.
B)12 regional banks.
C)the ability to make loans to member banks.
D)the ability to issue paper currency.
E)responsibility to the public rather than to private bankers.

Question 46

Progressive-era reform in municipal politics diminished the influence of working-class and minority residents and resulted in more power for the middle and upper classes.

Question 47

As President,Woodrow Wilson

A)responded to pleas from the NAACP to use the federal government's power to stop lynching.
B)opposed the efforts of white southerners in his cabinet to segregate government departments.
C)sent federal troops to break up the Pullman strike.
D)used government's power aggressively to aid worker and farmer organizations.
E)failed to support legislation that would have given labor and farmer organizations immunity from antitrust prosecution.

Question 48

W.E.B.Du Bois

A)opposed Booker T.Washington's accommodationist philosophy with regard to race relations.
B)encouraged the African American community to compromise with white racists.
C)opposed the organization of the NAACP.
D)called for segregation of the races.
E)supported black nationalism.

Question 49

In response to the 1902 coal miners' strike President Roosevelt

A)dispatched federal troops to restore order and force the miners back to work.
B)insisted that mine owners accept arbitration or face federal troops to seizures of their property.
C)refused to involve the federal government.
D)defied public opinion by siding with the workers.
E)nationalized the coal fields.

Question 50

Gifford Pinchot's approach to national forests called for

A)protecting them from all human interference.
B)allowing private interests complete freedom to develop resources in ways that maximized profits.
C)selling all public lands to private developers.
D)limiting the use of public lands to recreational purposes only.
E)adopting scientific management principles that ensure the best uses and conservation practices for natural resources.

Question 51

The Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

A)gave women the vote.
B)gave blacks the vote.
C)gave the government the power to impose an income tax.
D)prohibited alcoholic beverages.
E)provided for the popular election of Senators.

Question 52

Theodore Roosevelt became President

A)after being elected on the Progressive Party ticket.
B)when President McKinley was shot.
C)as a result of a disputed election.
D)with a majority of the electoral vote but a minority of the popular vote.
E)through a Supreme Court decision.

Question 53

Socialism achieved significant popularity in isolated urban areas in the East,but never had any notable political power in the other states.

Question 54

Theodore Roosevelt chose to run for president in 1912 because

A)he was afraid Wilson could defeat Taft.
B)he felt he was young enough to run one more time.
C)he had left incredibly unpopular and wanted to reestablish his reputation and legacy.
D)he was dissatisfied with Taft.
E)he had the full endorsement of the Republican Party.

Question 55

Richard Ballinger,Secretary of Interior under President Taft,angered progressives by

A)opposing the women's suffrage amendment.
B)supporting high protective tariffs.
C)opening public land for private commercial use.
D)opposing legislation to regulate the food and meat packing industry.
E)opposing the income tax amendment.

Question 56

Most settlement houses were founded by wealthy philanthropists like James B.Duke and Henry Clay Frick.

Question 57

Settlement houses had dual functions: They were neighborhood resources for immigrants and working-class residents,while they also actively participated in the progressive political agenda nationwide.

Question 58

The NAACP was an organization composed entirely of northern blacks whose goals included desegregation and elimination of voting restrictions for blacks throughout the nation.

Question 59

The Federal Reserve Act

A)broke up powerful private financial institutions that were too powerful.
B)was a more powerful and centralized authority than a national bank would have been.
C)prohibited interlocking directories.
D)provided for government ownership of national banks.
E)was more in keeping with Roosevelt's concept of New Nationalism than with the promises of Wilson's New Freedom.

Question 60

Woodrow Wilson easily won the Democratic nomination in 1912.

Question 61

Woodrow Wilson identified with the Bryan wing of the Democratic Party.

Question 62

Progress toward racial equality was sluggish.

Question 63

Suffragists of the Progressive Era maintained that women were fundamentally equal to men.

Question 64

The Payne-Aldrich Tariff encouraged foreign imports.

Question 65

Woodrow Wilson was the favorite as the 1912 Democratic convention began.

Question 66

Socialists came in several varieties: German working-class immigrants,Jewish immigrants,disgruntled farmers and western miners.

Question 67

Julius Wayland's Appeal to Reason published a novel by Upton Sinclair.

Question 68

Muckrakers were more sympathetic than were the settlement house workers to the problems of the inner-city poor.

Question 69

The Bureau of Immigration and Naturalization made it easier to become a U.S.citizen.

Question 70

Woodrow Wilson gained the Democratic presidential nomination in 1912 on the first ballot.

Question 71

Western states granted women the right to vote in the interest of egalitarianism.

Question 72

In Detroit,Mayor Hazen Pingree led unsuccessful fights to control the city's gas,telephone,and trolley companies.

Question 73

The Progressive Party earned the nickname "Bull Moosers" because of Theodore Roosevelt's fondness for hunting.

Question 74

The Australian ballot predated the Progressive Era.

Question 75

Women first began voting in the north.

Question 76

Progressive reforms actually resulted in a decline in voting participation rates between 1896 and 1920.

Question 77

The women's suffrage movement regained momentum after Carrie Chapman Catt became president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association in 1915.

Question 78

Jane Addams approved of political machines.

Question 79

The city commission and city manager plans were universally popular.

Question 80

The city commission form of local government was first used in the aftermath of a destructive tidal wave in Galveston,Texas.