Deck 9: The Great Depression and the New Deal 1929-1939

Question 1

The reform movement spearheaded by Roosevelt,known as liberalism,can best be described as

A)unlimited government spending and restrictive social policies.
B)interventionist in economic matters and libertarian on questions of personal behavior.
C)promoting free enterprise in economic matters but social regulation of personal behavior.
D)limited government spending and no stance on personal liberties.
E)expanding government ownership of businesses and government regulation of personal behavior.

Answer 1

interventionist in economic matters and libertarian on questions of personal behavior.

Question 2

The Federal Reserve board intensified the severity of the stock market crash by

A)ignoring the crisis.
B)borrowing heavily from European banks.
C)inflating the currency and making credit more available.
D)prohibiting banks from participating in stock purchases.
E)raising interest rates and reducing the amount of money in circulation

Answer 2

raising interest rates and reducing the amount of money in circulation

Question 3

The commanding military officer who attacked the bonus marchers in Washington was

A)Dwight D.Eisenhower.
B)John G.Pershing.
C)Douglas Mac Arthur.
D)William Westmoreland.
E)William Grant

Answer 3

Douglas Mac Arthur.

Question 4

The women's movement during the Great Depression

A)gained momentum.
B)declined as a result of male hostility during the depression.
C)took on new issues of sexual freedom.
D)put forward issues of equality more frequently.
E)saw more success.

Question 5

One of the major demands of women reformers during the New Deal years was for

A)equal rights.
B)equal pay.
C)"protective legislation."
D)greater sexual freedom.
E)the right to vote.

Question 6

From 1929 to 1932,industrial production fell by

A)10 percent.
B)25 percent.
C)50 percent.
D)75 percent.
E)90 percent.

Question 7

What was Herbert Hoover's position on the question of relief?

A)it was the responsibility of the federal government to provide economic security for U.S.citizens.
B)a military draft could provide work for the unemployed.
C)it would destroy their desire to work and undermine their self-worth. 
D)all homeless immigrants should be deported.
E)only the urban unemployed should receive relief.

Question 8

The Neal Deal program closest to socialism was which of the following?

A)CCC
B)TVA
C)AAA
D)NRA
E)WPA

Question 9

The black opera singer who sang on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in 1939 in a symbolic concert against racism was

A)Marian Anderson.
B)Kathleen Battle.
C)Beverly Sills.
D)Jessye Norman.
E)Ella Fitzgerald.

Question 10

Known as the "radio priest," Father Coughlin was also

A)A critic of the New Deal.
B)Founder of the National Union of Social Justice.
C)An advocate of strong government.
D)increasingly anti-Semitic in his radio shows.
E)All of these choices

Question 11

Popular novels celebrated all of the following except

A)honesty.
B)wealth.
C)decency.
D)small town values.
E)patriotism.

Question 12

Which of the following was not a goal of the National Industrial Recovery Act?

A)setting a standard of minimum wages
B)setting a standard of maximum hours
C)regulating corporations on what they could produce
D)reducing the quantity of goods any business could produce
E)drawing up codes of fair competition

Question 13

The largest and most violent strike of the 1930s occurred among ____ workers.

A)farm
B)electrical
C)auto
D)textile
E)coal

Question 14

In 1932,the so-called Bonus Army

A)campaigned for the reelection of Herbert Hoover.
B)rioted and threatened to attack the White House.
C)petitioned Congress for early payment of their World War I veteran benefits.
D)was recommissioned as a special unit: the U.S.Army.
E)failed to make any impact on public opinion.

Question 15

What was the term for makeshift towns built around the United States during the Depression as shelters for the homeless? 

A)"Shantytowns."
B)"Hoovervilles."
C)"Cardboard villages."
D)"Hobovilles."
E)"Roosevelt villages."

Question 16

All of the following are reasons why the Great Depression occurred except

A)the stock market crashed.
B)there was too much government spending for poor workers.
C)there was poor decision making by the Federal Reserve.
D)there was an ill-advised tariff that took effect in 1930.
E)wealth and income were unequally distributed.

Question 17

The union formed to organize the millions of nonunion employees into effective workers was the

A)Knights of Labor.
B)American Federation of Labor.
C)"wobblies."
D)National Labor Union.
E)Congress of Industrial Organization.

Question 18

The twentieth-century president who best represented the "self-made" man was

A)Woodrow Wilson.
B)Herbert Hoover.
C)Franklin D.Roosevelt.
D)Warren Harding.
E)Teddy Roosevelt.

Question 19

The government program that employed some two million young men planting trees and improving the environment in 1933 was the

A)Public Works Administration.
B)Civilian Conservation Corps.
C)Works Progress Administration.
D)Tennessee Valley Authority.
E)Social Security Administration

Question 20

The region that benefited most from the New Deal was

A)the Northeast.
B)the Mid-Atlantic.
C)the Southwest.
D)the Southeast.
E)the West.

Question 21

Between 1918 and 1929

A)the share of national income that went to the wealthiest Americans rose,while the share that went the poorest fell.
B)the share of national income that went to the poorest Americans rose,while the share that went to the wealthy fell.
C)the wealthy spent a higher portion of their income on consumption than wage earners did.
D)income distribution did not have a significant effect on the economy.
E)government policy ensured an equitable distribution of income.

Question 22

Harry Hopkins's appointment as head of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration in 1933 is noteworthy because​

A)he was the oldest member of the cabinet.​
B)he dispensed $2 million in his first few hours on the job.​
C)he had previously been head of Ford Motor Company.​
D)he had been Herbert Hoover's running mate,against Roosevelt.​
E)None of these choices.

Question 23

Herbert Hoover was anxious to engage the government in providing relief to the poor.

Question 24

The first response of President Herbert Hoover to the Depression was to establish "associations" of business leaders and farmers that would regulate their own industries.

Question 25

Eleanor Roosevelt was

A)an opponent of civil rights.
B)a first lady who played no active role in Washington politics.
C)estranged from her husband,President Roosevelt.
D)an active political partner of her husband and a key proponent of New Deal liberalism.
E)always in agreement with her husband,Franklin Roosevelt.

Question 26

The deepening inequality of income in the 1920s contributed to the Great Depression because

A)the rich spent a smaller proportion of their incomes on consumption than wage earners did.
B)the working class spent far less than the wealthy on consumer goods.
C)reduced tax rates meant the government had a smaller budget with which to invest in economic recovery.
D)the wealthy paid extremely high taxes,which hindered spending.​
E)None of these choices.

Question 27

The benefits of the dams that were constructed via New Deal policies

A)were fully felt immediately 
B)helped spur the growth of the Tennessee Valley Authority.
C)went primarily to aid poor farmers and ranchers.
D)bypassed corporate and private entrepreneurial interests for decades.
E)All of these choices.

Question 28

The "fireside chats" were

A)discussions concerning New Deal policy held among President Roosevelt's cabinet.
B)Eleanor Roosevelt's newspaper columns.
C)press conferences held on a regular basis by President Roosevelt.
D)Huey Long's speeches in support of his "Share the Wealth" program.
E)President Roosevelt's radio addresses that directly engaged the American public.

Question 29

The 1936 presidential election is especially significant because​

A)Democrats became known as the party of the "forgotten American."​
B)Black voters abandoned their long-time allegiance to the Republican Party.​
C)large numbers of pro-New Deal voters came out to ensure Roosevelt's re-election.​
D)Roosevelt won his third term in office.​
E)All of these choices.

Question 30

The popularity of the Superman comics reflected

A)public acceptance of the role of aggressive working women in U.S.society.
B)the growth of the new sport of body building.
C)anxiety over the threat of foreign invasion.
D)a decline in public intelligence and reading skills.
E)working-class male anxiety over threats posed by insensitive employers.

Question 31

The people who organized and directed the New Deal programs were mostly

A)well-educated,male,technocrats.
B)members of ethnic and religious minority groups.
C)working-class urbanites with little or no advanced education.
D)university professors eager to put their theories into action.
E)immigrants who brought radical ideas from abroad.

Question 32

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation created in 1932

A)offered relief payments to the unemployed.
B)gave significant relief to American farmers.
C)offered government loans to banks and corporations.
D)offered low interest loans to home buyers.
E)was later abolished by the Roosevelt administration.

Question 33

The Emergency Banking Act and the Economy Act were

A)radical measures that Herbert Hoover would never have supported.
B)irresponsible and dangerous measures.
C)total and complete failures.
D)fiscally conservative measures.
E)vetoed by Roosevelt.

Question 34

Franklin Roosevelt considered the most important legislation of his Hundred Days to be the

A)Emergency Banking Act and the Economy Act.
B)Agricultural Adjustment Act and the National Industrial Recovery Act.
C)Securities Exchange Act.
D)Tennessee Valley Authority Act.
E)Social Security Act.

Question 35

Buying on "margin" meant that

A)stocks could be purchased by paying a percent of the price and borrowing the rest.
B)consumer products could be purchased and paid for on the installment plan.
C)European nations could borrow needed capital from U.S.banks so that their citizens could buy U.S.products.
D)the government could use deficit spending to solve the problems of the depression.
E)farmers could use government loans to finance enterprises.

Question 36

Most popular critics of the New Deal focused on

A)the lack of support for ordinary people.
B)the discrimination of minorities.
C)the plight of Native Americans.
D)the socialist nature of the programs.
E)the rise in income taxes for the wealthy.

Question 37

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff Act of 1930

A)lowered U.S.tariff rates to provide markets for European goods.
B)raised tariff rates and contributed positively to economic recovery worldwide.
C)encouraged European nations to lower their tariff rates to enable U.S.companies to sell their goods abroad.
D)did not pass.
E)raised U.S.tariff rates,causing European nations to raise their rates and thus weaken international trade.

Question 38

What the economy needed in 1931 was an expanded money supply,lower interest rates,and easier credit.

Question 39

Of the following groups,which benefited the least from New Deal policies?

A)middle-class consumers
B)European ethnics
C)northern factory workers
D)southern industrial workers and farm laborers
E)the elderly

Question 40

The New Deal policy toward Indians could be described best as promoting assimilation.

Question 41

One of President Roosevelt's first acts in office was to close all of the nation's banks.

Question 42

The Roosevelt administration tried to reinstate the National Recovery Administration after the Supreme Court declared its codes unconstitutional.

Question 43

The greatest construction project of the Bureau of Reclamation was the Grand Coulee Dam.

Question 44

As first lady,Eleanor Roosevelt was shy,inarticulate,passive,and awkward.

Question 45

Most worker demands in the early 1930s were very radical.

Question 46

The Social Security system excluded many of the female-dominated occupations from coverage.

Question 47

The New Deal supported the idea of the federal government as a substitute for private enterprise.

Question 48

In the court-packing plan,FDR asked Congress to authorize an increase in the number of Supreme Court justices.

Question 49

The Hawley-Smoot Tariff affected only manufactured products.

Question 50

Franklin Roosevelt consistently backed legislation to make lynching a federal crime.

Question 51

Bureau of Indian Affairs Commissioner John Collier ran into significant opposition in trying to protect Native American identity.

Question 52

Eleanor Roosevelt was an outspoken supporter of African Americans.

Question 53

The message of New Deal critics such as Huey Long and his Share the Wealth Club appealed exclusively to the middle class.

Question 54

The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of the AAA.

Question 55

For the farmers of the Great Plains,the New Deal programs offered little,as their major problem was ecological.

Question 56

The Emergency Banking Act and Economy Act were originally proposed by Herbert Hoover.

Question 57

The New Deal did more to reproduce patterns of racial discrimination than to advance the cause of racial equality.

Question 58

The New Deal restored prosperity to America.

Question 59

Franklin D.Roosevelt was the only person to serve more than two terms as president of the United States.

Question 60

The AAA focused specifically of the plight of sharecroppers.

Question 61

The Great Plains ecological disaster caused by drought and destruction of native grasses was called ____________________.

Question 62

Under Roosevelt's New Deal homeowners were offered loans to refinance home mortgages.

Question 63

Waiting for Lefty,Broadway's most popular play of 1935,was a raw drama about unionization efforts among taxi drivers.

Question 64

The first comprehensive system of social welfare passed in American history was ____________________.

Question 65

The National Recovery Administration had the power to force adherence to its codes.

Question 66

President Roosevelt's regular informal radio speeches to the American public were known as ____________________.

Question 67

Radical critics of the New Deal were silenced after 1934.

Question 68

The midterm elections of 1934 resulted in stronger Democratic control over both houses of Congress.

Question 69

The real motive behind Roosevelt's court-packing scheme was to replace old and feeble judges on the court.

Question 70

Roosevelt often did not support the efforts of his Black Cabinet for fear of alienating southern political leaders.

Question 71

Most employers observed the NRA's wage and hour guidelines.

Question 72

In August 1928,____________________ declared that American was "nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land."

Question 73

There were 2,000 labor strikes in 1934.

Question 74

Roosevelt's Supreme Court proposal would have allowed him to appoint _____________ additional justices to the court.

Question 75

Roosevelt's opponent in the 1936 presidential election was ____________________.

Question 76

President Hoover's administration established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.

Question 77

____________________ was the first female cabinet member in U.S.history.

Question 78

The group of World War I veterans that marched on Washington in 1932 and demanded economic relief was the ____________________.

Question 79

Franklin D.Roosevelt saw the Second New Deal as a program to limit the power and privilege of the wealthy few.

Question 80

Jewish and Catholic Americans voted for Franklin Roosevelt in large numbers.