Question 1

A community health nurse is working with a variety of patients and decides to use a systems theory approach to help them to meet their health care needs.When using systems theory,the nurse focuses on which of the following?

A)The patient's interaction with his or her environment.
B)The hierarchy of the patient's human needs.
C)The patient's attitudes toward health behaviours.
D)The response of the patient to the process of growth and development.

Accepted Answer

According to systems theory,a system is made up of parts that depend on one another,are interrelated,share a common purpose,and together form a whole.A patient's interaction with the environment is an example of an open system.The nurse understands that factors that change the environment also can have an effect on the system.Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of human needs is an interdisciplinary theory useful in planning individualized care.Determining a patient's attitudes toward health behaviours follows a health and wellness theoretical model.Focusing on the response of a patient to the process of growth and development is consistent with developmental theories.

Question 2

How is the idea of a theory best explained?&#10;A)&#34;Mental maps&#34; that make sense of information and decisional processes.&#10;B)Mental formulations of objects or events.&#10;C)Aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed.&#10;D)A purposeful set of assumptions that identify relationships between concepts.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a purposeful set of assumptions that identify the relationships between concepts.Theories are useful because they provide a systematic view of explaining,predicting,and prescribing phenomena.The description "Mental maps that make sense of information and decisional processes" explains the idea of conceptual frameworks,which link ideas together.The description "Mental formulations of objects or events" explains the idea of concepts.The description "Aspects of reality that can be consciously sensed" explains the idea of phenomena.

Question 3

Although the different nursing theories have similarities,key elements distinguish one from another.What is the emphasis of Jean Watson's conceptual model?&#10;A)Self-care maintains wholeness.&#10;B)Subsystems exist in dynamic stability.&#10;C)Stimuli disrupt an adaptive system.&#10;D)Caring is central to the essence of nursing.

Accepted Answer

Watson believed that nurses must do far more than deal with physical illness;they must attend to their primary function,which is caring.From Watson's perspective,caring infuses all aspects of a nurse's role and draws attention to nursing acts as embodying an esthetic that facilitates both healing and growth.Self-care is central to Dorothea Orem's theory.The key emphasis of Dorothy Johnson's theory is that subsystems exist in dynamic stability.The key emphasis of Sister Callista Roy's theory is that stimuli disrupt an adaptive system.

Question 4

While working on a postoperative unit,the nurse is applying elements of self-care theory and is assisting a patient to attain and manage self-care in wound management.Who was the nursing pioneer who developed this theory?

A)Florence Nightingale.
B)Virginia Henderson.
C)Dorothea Orem.
D)Hildegard Peplau.

Accepted Answer

The goal of Orem's theory is to help the patient perform self-care.The goal of Nightingale's theory is to shift the focus from the disease process toward an environment conducive to healing.Henderson defined nursing practice as assisting the individual,sick or well,in the performance of activities that will contribute to health,recovery,or a peaceful death.Peplau's theory defined the core of nursing as the interpersonal relationship between the nurse and the patient.

Question 5

What is an element that is key to the framework for practice in Martha Rogers's theory?&#10;A)Human becoming.&#10;B)Manipulation of the patient's environment.&#10;C)Seven categories of behaviour and behavioural balance.&#10;D)Focus upon the life process of a human being along a time-space continuum.

Accepted Answer

The framework for practice,according to Rogers's theory,consisted of presenting the patient of nursing not simply as a person but as an energy field in constant interaction with the environment,which itself was also an irreducible energy field,coextensive with the universe.Nursing's role was to focus upon the life process of a human being along a time-space continuum.Rosemarie Parse,in her theory of human becoming (1997),viewed the individual as a unitary being who is "indivisible,unpredictable,and ever-changing" and "a freely choosing being who can be recognized through paradoxical patterns co-created all-at-once in mutual process with the universe." Nightingale's theory includes manipulation of the patient's environment (i.e. ,appropriate noise,nutrition,hygiene,light,comfort,socialization,and hope)in the framework for practice.Dorothy Johnson's theory includes seven categories of behaviour and behavioural balance in the framework for practice.

Question 6

What does the theorizing term proposition mean?&#10;A)A purposeful set of assumptions.&#10;B)A declarative assertion.&#10;C)The process of formulating concepts.&#10;D)The structure that links concepts together.

Accepted Answer

A proposition is a declarative assertion.A purposeful set of assumptions is a theory.The process of formulating concepts is conceptualization.The structure that links concepts together is a conceptual framework.

Question 7

In the late 1980s,the shift in scholarly work regarding nursing theories challenged nurses when theorizing to include consider what type of knowledge?&#10;A)Clinical.&#10;B)Intuitive.&#10;C)Theoretical.&#10;D)Substantive.

Accepted Answer

Afaf Meleis (1987)challenged nurses to direct their theorizing away from the processes by which nurses use knowledge and toward the equally challenging issues associated with the substance of that knowledge-that is,to include substantive knowledge.Neither clinical knowledge nor intuitive knowledge was related to this challenge.Theoretical knowledge had been the focus of theorizing for many years before the late 1980s.

Question 8

Whose theory is most pertinent in assisting the nurse who is helping a patient focus on stress reduction?&#10;A)Hildegard Peplau's.&#10;B)Virginia Henderson's.&#10;C)Betty Neuman's.&#10;D)Rosemarie Parse's.

Accepted Answer

Neuman's theory focuses on stress reduction as the goal of the systems model of nursing practice.Peplau's theory focuses on interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients and the interactive,therapeutic nature of the nursing process.Henderson's theory focuses on the 14 basic human needs.Parse's theory focuses on the notion of nurses' engagement with,and care of,people in a continuous process of making choices and changing health priorities.

Question 9

What is a current concern with the use of the nursing diagnoses approved by the North American Nursing Diagnoses Association (NANDA)?&#10;A)NANDA's list stifles critical thinking.&#10;B)NANDA's list should replace conceptual nursing models.&#10;C)NANDA's list is an inherent barrier to individualized care.&#10;D)NANDA's list does not reflect practical diagnoses.

Accepted Answer

NANDA's list of nursing diagnoses is recognized by many nurses as a system that relies entirely upon an agreement about what constitutes average wellness and illness experiences.As such,it can create worrisome barriers to the individualized care of patients.NANDA's list of nursing diagnoses may stifle critical thinking,but this has not been recognized as a concern;it is often considered to be less thorough than conceptual models of nursing,as it involves only one aspect of caring for patients;and it does reflect practical diagnoses.

Question 10

What is a characteristic of complexity science?&#10;A)Patterns of knowledge application.&#10;B)A rigid approach for describing experiences.&#10;C)Reducing phenomena to smallest properties.&#10;D)Orientation toward studying the nature of people's needs.

Accepted Answer

Complexity science consists of dynamic and interactive phenomena reduced to the smallest properties that can be observed within their natural context so that their interactions can be interpreted with as little interference as possible from prior assumptions.Patterns of knowledge application are not characteristic of complexity science.Complexity science is not a rigid approach for describing experiences,and it is not characterized by an orientation toward studying the nature of people's needs.

Question 11

Interactionist theories focused on the relationships between nurses and their patients.Which of the following were interactionist theorists? (Select all that apply. )&#10;A)Hildegard Peplau&#10;B)Dorothea Orem&#10;C)Joyce Travelbee&#10;D)Evelyn Adam&#10;E)Betty Neuman

Accepted Answer

The answer of Interactionist theories focused on the relationships between...

Question 12

Different types of theories may be used by nurses seeking to study the basis of nursing practice.The theory about why phenomena occur is which of the following?&#10;A)Prescriptive.&#10;B)Descriptive.&#10;C)Grand.&#10;D)Middle-range.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Different types of theories may be used...

Question 13

Within a health care system that is based on Betty Neuman's theory,what is the nurse's goal in caring for a patient who is having difficulty breathing and requires oxygen and medication?&#10;A)Strengthen the line of defences and focus on prevention.&#10;B)Promote attainment of biological self-care requisites.&#10;C)Assist in physiological adaptation to internal changes.&#10;D)Achieve the 14 basic needs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Within a health care system that is...

Question 14

A body of knowledge that encompasses definitions of person,environment,health,and nursing is referred to as which of the following?&#10;A)Family nursing practice.&#10;B)Prescriptive nursing theory.&#10;C)Advanced nursing practice.&#10;D)Metaparadigm of nursing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A body of knowledge that encompasses definitions...

Deck 5: Theoretical Foundations of Nursing Practice