Deck 5: The Central Nervous System

Question 1

What are the immune defense cells of the CNS called?

A)​astrocytes
B)interneurons
C)oligodendrocytes
D)microglia
E)​ependymal cells

Answer 1

D

Question 2

About 90% of the cells within the CNS are ____.

A)​neurons
B)nerves
C)connective tissue
D)interneurons
E)​glial cells

Answer 2

E

Question 3

What area of the brain is most involved in directly regulating the internal environment (homeostasis)?

A)​pituitary gland
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)hyperthalamus
E)​pineal gland

Answer 3

C

Question 4

What is the outer shell of each hemisphere composed of?

A)​gray matter
B)white matter
C)pink matter
D)cerebral matter
E)​colossal matter

Question 5

What are the three functional classes of neurons in the nervous system?

A)afferent,efferent,and interneurons
B)brain,spinal,and peripheral
C)incoming,outgoing,and transitional
D)efferent,spinal,and motor
E)​afferent,peripheral,and sensory

Question 6

What are the nourishing membranes that lie between the bony covering of the CNS and the nervous tissue?

A)​vertebrae
B)ganglions
C)meninges
D)nerve roots
E)​glial cells

Question 7

What lobe of the brain is situated most posteriorly (back of the head)?

A)​parietal
B)occipital
C)temporal
D)posterior
E)​cerebral

Question 8

What area of the brain is associated with language comprehension?

A)​Bloom's area
B)the homunculus
C)Broca's area
D)the hypothalamus
E)​Wernicke's area

Question 9

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)is formed primarily by the ____.

A)​inner meninges
B)nerve root ganglions
C)arachnoid matter
D)glial cells
E)​choroid plexuses

Question 10

The spinal cord is classified within what part of the nervous system?

A)​peripheral nervous system
B)central nervous system
C)primary nervous system
D)secondary nervous system
E)​spinal nervous system

Question 11

What are the three higher motor areas of the cortex that are involved in voluntary decision-making?

A)​muscle motor area,premotor cortex,and posterior occipital cortex
B)supplementary motor area,presensory cortex,and posterior occipital cortex
C)supplementary motor area,presensory cortex,and temporal cortex
D)supplementary motor area,premotor cortex,and posterior parietal cortex
E)​muscle motor area,frontal cortex,and posterior parietal cortex

Question 12

What is the innermost CNS membrane?

A)​dura matter
B)arachnoid matter
C)inner meninges
D)grey neurons
E)​pia matter

Question 13

What is the name of the neural bridge connecting the two cerebral hemispheres of the brain?

A)​basal nuclei
B)corpus callosum
C)thalamus
D)hypothalamus
E)​optic chiasm

Question 14

What are the two major regulatory systems in the body?

A)​nervous system and urinary system
B)endocrine system and urinary system
C)nervous system and endocrine system
D)circulatory system and endocrine system
E)​nervous system and circulatory system

Question 15

Where is Broca's area located?

A)​parietal lobe
B)temporal lobe
C)frontal lobe
D)occipital lobe
E)​brain stem

Question 16

The limbic system includes the amygdala,which is important for processing what emotions?

A)​happiness and joy
B)lust and sexual drive
C)empathy and sympathy
D)fear and anxiety
E)​depression and stress

Question 17

What region of the brain is concerned primarily with motivation and emotion and is extensively involved in memory?

A)​limbic association area
B)prefrontal cortex
C)Broca's area
D)Wernicke's area
E)​parietal association area

Question 18

What is the estimated number of neurons in the brain?

A)​850 million
B)8.5 billion
C)85 billion
D)850 billion
E)​850 trillion

Question 19

Basal nuclei consist of ____.

A)​sensory nerves
B)grey matter
C)white matter
D)sacs of CSF
E)​glial cells

Question 20

Based on varying distributions of several distinctive cell types,the cerebral cortex is organized into how many well-defined layers?

A)​six
B)five
C)four
D)three
E)​two

Question 21

The neural change responsible for retention or storage of knowledge is known as a(n)____.

A)​input
B)bit
C)code
D)modality
E)​engram

Question 22

What cranial nerve controls the act of chewing?

A)​mandibular nerve
B)facial nerve
C)vagus nerve
D)trigeminal nerve
E)​abducens nerve

Question 23

What part of the cerebellum regulates muscle tone and coordinates skilled voluntary movement?

A)​anterior cerebellum
B)posterior cerebellum
C)cerebrocerebellum
D)spinocerebellum
E)​vestibulocerebellum

Question 24

How many functionally distinct parts does the cerebellum have?

A)​two
B)three
C)four
D)five
E)​six

Question 25

Which brain waves are the fastest?

A)​gamma
B)delta
C)beta
D)alpha
E)​cerebral

Question 26

What receptors in the brain are blocked by caffeine?

A)​guanine receptors
B)serotonin receptors
C)dopamine receptors
D)adenosine receptors
E)​norepinephrine receptors

Question 27

In the spinal cord,what matter is organized into tracts?

A)​glial cells
B)white matter
C)grey matter
D)pink mater
E)​ganglions

Question 28

What components make up the brain stem?

A)​hindbrain,pons,and midbrain
B)medulla,hippocampus,and midbrain
C)medulla,pons,and midbrain
D)cerebellum,hindbrain,and midbrain
E)​medulla,pons,and hippocampus

Question 29

What part of the brain plays an especially important role in declarative memories?

A)​hippocampus
B)thalamus
C)hypothalamus
D)cerebellum
E)​Broca's area

Question 30

What compound binds to the AMPA receptors and NMDA receptors of the postsynaptic neuron?

A)​glutamate
B)dopamine
C)serotonin
D)norepinephrine
E)​adrenalin

Question 31

What part of the limbic system controls the increase of heart rate and respiratory rate,elevation of blood pressure,and diversion of blood to skeletal muscles?

A)​amygdala
B)pineal gland
C)hippocampus
D)thalamus
E)​hypothalamus

Question 32

The withdrawal reflex is an example of what reflex category?

A)​innate reflex
B)conditioned reflex
C)somatic reflex
D)arm reflex
E)​spinal reflex

Question 33

What ascending spinal tract carries pain and temperature sensations to the brain?

A)​ventral spinothalamic
B)dorsal spinocerebellar
C)lateral spinothalamic
D)ventral spinocerebellar
E)​vestibulospinal

Question 34

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A)​8
B)9
C)10
D)11
E)​12

Question 35

What are the main neurotransmitters involved with pathways for emotions and behavior?

A)​norepinephrine,dopamine,and adrenaline
B)norepinephrine,dopamine,and serotonin
C)epinephrine,melatonin,and serotonin
D)epinephrine,melatonin,and adrenaline
E)​epinephrine,dopamine,and adrenaline

Question 36

What are the two forms of short-term memory?

A)​primary and secondary
B)habituation and sensitization
C)retrograde and anterograde
D)major and minor
E)​cortical and subcortical

Question 37

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?​

A)​31
B)32
C)33
D)34
E)​35

Question 38

What are the two forms of amnesia?

A)​primary and secondary
B)habituation and sensitization
C)retrograde and anterograde
D)major and minor
E)​cortical and subcortical

Question 39

Each spinal nerve carries afferent sensory fibers from a particular region on the body surface called a(n):

A)​sensory region
B)organ 
C)skin patch
D)dermatome
E)​afferent zone

Question 40

Storing long-term memories involves the synthesis of what new compounds?

A)​nucleic acids
B)electrolytes
C)sugars
D)proteins
E)​steroids

Question 41

The amygdala is especially important in processing inputs that give rise to the sensations of happiness and pleasure.

Question 42

Slow-wave sleep occurs in three stages,each displaying progressively slower EEG waves of higher frequency.

Question 43

The primary areas of cortical specialization for language are Broca's area and Wernicke's area.

Question 44

Astrocytes are the most abundant glial cells.

Question 45

The brain displays a degree of plasticity,which is an ability to genetically remodel in response to the demands placed on it.

Question 46

The hippocampus is a prominent site where LTD takes place and is also crucial for consolidation of short-term memory.

Question 47

The latest technology for studying neurons is called optogenetics.

Question 48

Emerging evidence suggests that dyslexia stems from a deficit in phonological processing.

Question 49

Information lost from short-term memory is temporarily forgotten,but information in long-term storage is often forgotten permanently.

Question 50

Prozac is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI).

Question 51

The cortex has a default mode network that is most active when the mind wanders.

Question 52

Only the brain interstitial fluid (not the blood or CSF)comes into direct contact with the neurons and glial cells.

Question 53

Ependymal cells line the internal,fluid filled cavities of the CNS.

Question 54

The human brain is the consistency of tofu and typically weighs about eleven pounds.

Question 55

Sensitization is defined as increased responsiveness to mild stimuli following a strong or noxious stimulus.

Question 56

Throughout the entire CNS,white matter consists mostly of densely packaged neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites,in addition to most glial cells.

Question 57

The prefrontal cortex is largely responsible for the so-called "executive" functions.

Question 58

The basal nuclei play an important inhibitory role in sensory control.

Question 59

The vestibulocerebellum is important for maintaining balance and controls eye movements.

Question 60

The afferent division carries information away from the CNS.

Question 61

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ____________________ lobe of the brain.

Question 62

Motor neurons belong to the ____________________ part of the peripheral nervous system.

Question 63

The ____________________ cerebral hemisphere excels in logical,analytical,sequential,and verbal tasks,such as math,language forms,and philosophy.

Question 64

____________________ is the awareness of body position.

Question 65

The space between the arachnoid layer and the underlying pia mater,the ____________________ space,is filled with CSF.

Question 66

The ____________________ serves as a "relay station" for preliminary processing of sensory input.

Question 67

In most people,the areas of the brain responsible for language ability are found in ____________________ hemisphere(s).

Question 68

The motor cortex is activated by a widespread pattern of neuronal discharge,called the ____________________.

Question 69

The ____________________ association cortex is the part of the brain that "brainstorms" or thinks.

Question 70

An example of a cranial reflex is constriction of the pupils of your eyes in response to bright light.

Question 71

Afferent fibers carrying incoming signals from peripheral receptors enter the spinal cord through the ventral horn.

Question 72

The limbic system is not a separate structure,but a(n)____________________ system consisting of a ring of forebrain structures that surround the brain stem.

Question 73

The autonomic nervous system is subdivided into the ____________________ nervous system and the ____________________ nervous system.

Question 74

____________________ are contractile cells that wrap around capillary endothelial cells throughout the body.

Question 75

Storage of acquired information is accomplished in at least two stages: ____________________ memory and ____________________ memory.

Question 76

Sleep is not accompanied by a reduction in neural activity,but rather by a profound change in activity.

Question 77

The vegetative state is characterized by long sleep-wake cycles and detectable awareness.

Question 78

____________________ is the ability to direct behavior toward specific goals.

Question 79

Cortical areas that control output to skeletal muscles have a thickened layer V,which contains an abundance of large neurons known as ____________________ cells.

Question 80

The stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex because the only synapse in the reflex arc is the one between the thalamus and the hypothalamus.