Deck 4: Incredible Nervous System

Question 1

Loi believes that science has not identified the location of any human genes.Is Loi right?

A) Yes-Project Genome is scheduled to begin in 2009
B) No-Project Genome has identified all genes
C) No-since 1980, many human genes have been identified
D) Yes-scientists have expressed disinterest in genetic research

Answer 1

No-Project Genome has identified all genes

Question 2

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

A) The father's sperm contains 23 chromosomes.
B) A zygote results when an egg is fertilized.
C) DNA is made up of large strands of chromosomes.
D) The zygote is the largest human cell.

Answer 2

DNA is made up of large strands of chromosomes.

Question 3

Dr.Fassid studies the relationship between cognitive abilities and neural activity.Dr.Fassid is an expert in:

A) cognitive psychobiology
B) clinical pharmacology
C) cognitive neuroscience
D) behavioral neuroscience

Answer 3

cognitive neuroscience

Question 4

When a sperm from a man fertilizes the egg of a woman,the result is a ____ and it consists of ____ pairs of chromosomes.

A) zygote; 46
B) gene; 46
C) phenotype; 46
D) zygote; 23

Question 5

Upon conception,the father and the mother each contribute ____ to their offspring.

A) 23 chromosomes
B) 2 chromosomes
C) hundreds of chromosomes
D) 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 6

The new area of study that maps the paths of cognitive processes in the brain is called:

A) behavioral neuroscience
B) psychoanalysis
C) cognitive neuroscience
D) cognitive psychobiology

Question 7

The chromosomal defect that can cause physical abnormalities and mental retardation is called:

A) Fragile X syndrome
B) anencephaly
C) aphasia
D) Down syndrome

Question 8

Genes provide instructions for making:

A) protein
B) genomes
C) DNA
D) chromosomes

Question 9

Chromosomes consist of:

A) RNA
B) sperm
C) DNA
D) phenotypes

Question 10

Which statement is most accurate in describing the order from smallest to largest?

A) zygote, genes, DNA, chromosomes
B) genes, DNA, chromosomes, zygote
C) DNA, zygote, genes, chromosomes
D) DNA, genes, chromosomes, zygote

Question 11

What type of gene is expressed even if it is paired with a recessive gene?

A) polymorphic gene
B) zygote
C) genome
D) dominant

Question 12

A common characteristic in cases of Fragile X syndrome is:

A) visual disturbances
B) a susceptibility to violent behavior
C) mental retardation
D) cardiovascular abnormalities

Question 13

You inherited a gene for brown eyes from your father,but a gene for blue eyes from your mother.What color are your eyes?

A) blues
B) brown
C) green
D) impossible to predict

Question 14

There are a total of about ____ human genes located on the 23 pairs of chromosomes.

A) 100-200
B) 3,000-7,000
C) 11,000-15,000
D) 20,000-25,000

Question 15

The gene for brown eyes is _____; the gene for blue eyes is ______.

A) recessive; zygotic
B) dominant; recessive
C) recessive; dominant
D) recessive; phenotypic

Question 16

A gene that has more than one version is called a:

A) polymorphic gene
B) zygote
C) genome
D) chromosome

Question 17

A ____ is a specific segment on the long strand of DNA.

A) gene
B) zygote
C) chromosome
D) phenotype

Question 18

This structure can best be described as being made up of four chemicals that form a chemical alphabet.

A) Fragile X
B) chromosome
C) zygote
D) DNA

Question 19

Concepts such as evolution and survival of the fittest are most associated with:

A) Roger Sperry
B) Charles Darwin
C) Sigmund Freud
D) B.F. Skinner

Question 20

Of the following,which is the best way to think about Project Genome?

A) It is like making a blueprint of genes.
B) Project Genome is like mixing chemicals together to form a new chemical.
C) It is like calling all the phone numbers in a telephone directory.
D) Project Genome is much like baking a cake and forgetting to add flour.

Question 21

Which technique uses radio frequencies to study the structure of the brain?

A) MRI scan
B) SET scan
C) PET scan
D) the stereotaxic procedure

Question 22

The difference in intelligence between humans and chimpanzees is due to:

A) a higher portion of neurons covered with myelin sheath
B) more sophisticated neurons
C) larger cell bodies found in neurons
D) more connections between neurons

Question 23

One of the reasons that PET scans can indicate brain activity is that very active neurons absorb more:

A) radioactive solution than less active ones
B) radio frequencies than less active ones
C) magnetism than less active ones
D) ultrasound than less active ones

Question 24

Your grandmother is having problems with headaches.She goes to have a test and you accompany her.She lies down with her head in the center of a large "donut." You hear a dull drumming sound as the test proceeds.Your grandmother is having a(n):

A) SET scan
B) MRI scan
C) PET scan
D) EEG

Question 25

The family doctor is concerned about the complaints of eight-year-old Tommy.The doctor would like to run some tests to determine the structure of Tommy's brain.Which of the following tests would be most appropriate?

A) SET scan
B) MRI scan
C) PET scan
D) fMRI scan

Question 26

Dr.Fox wishes to determine what area of the brain is involved in listening to classical music.What type of brain scan would you recommend that he use that would allow a study of brain function?

A) MRI scan
B) SET scan
C) x-ray scan
D) fMRI scan

Question 27

Positron emission tomography (PET scan)is a technique used to:

A) transplant fetal brain tissue
B) repair damaged neurons in the spinal cord
C) study the function of brain areas
D) perform a frontal lobotomy

Question 28

According to the theory of evolution:

A) different species arose from different ancestors
B) humans belong to their own family tree
C) present-day humans descended from a creature related to apes
D) humans and chimps share only 1% of their DNA

Question 29

As a physician,you need to have a very detailed view of the structure of your patient's brain.The method most appropriate given your needs is:

A) SET scan
B) MRI scan
C) PET scan
D) EEG

Question 30

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)differs from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)in that a PET scan:

A) studies the structure of the brain
B) studies activity in the brain
C) uses radio frequencies
D) identifies spinal cord injuries

Question 31

Two mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the evolution of the human brain.They are:

A) genetic mutation and natural selection
B) genetic mutation and mitosis
C) genetic codominance and incomplete dominance
D) natural selection and recessive genes

Question 32

What is the main advantage of fMRI over PET scans?

A) PET scans can cause brain damage
B) cost
C) fMRI can be done with the person awake
D) fMRI does not require injection of a radioactive solution

Question 33

fMRI is to ____ as MRI is to ____.

A) structure; function
B) function; structure
C) organization; function
D) x-ray; gamma ray

Question 34

Sasha has a genetic error.She has specific physical features,such as a wide tongue,and she is mentally retarded.Upon examining her chromosomes,we would find an extra 21ˢᵗ chromosome.What disorder does Sasha have?

A) fragile X syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) anencephaly
D) Alzheimer's disease

Question 35

Ivan is having his brain scanned.As the machine is working,he is asked to read words on a screen.He is most likely having a(n):

A) MRI scan
B) SET scan
C) fMRI scan
D) x-ray scan

Question 36

MRI scan is to PET scan as ____ is to ____.

A) radio frequencies; radioactive solution
B) radioactive solution; radio frequencies
C) x-ray; radioactive solution
D) ultrasound; x-ray

Question 37

The doctor explained to the patient's family that the pictures of their loved one's brain were normal.She passed radio frequencies through the brain.Which method was used by the doctor to study her patient's brain?

A) MRI scan
B) EEG
C) PET scan
D) ADHD scan

Question 38

Genes that are selected because they aid in the survival of the species are called _______.Those genes that prevent survival are called _______.

A) mutated genes; recessive genes
B) dominant genes; recessive genes
C) recessive genes; dominant genes
D) adaptive genes; maladaptive genes

Question 39

Which statement is not consistent with Darwin's view of evolution?

A) Different species arouse from a common ancestor.
B) Humans and chimps share at least 98% of their DNA.
C) Present-day humans descended from a creature that split off from apes.
D) Humans belong to their own family tree.

Question 40

Which method of studying the living brain involves injecting a slightly radioactive solution into the blood and measuring the amount of radiation absorbed by brain cells?

A) SET scan
B) MRI scan
C) PET scan
D) EEG

Question 41

The three main divisions of the human brain are:

A) forebrain, midbrain, cerebrain
B) topbrain, midbrain, hindbrain
C) forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain
D) neobrain, lateralbrain, medialbrain

Question 42

Karen was able to live in a coma for several years even when taken off the respirator.This is because parts of the body not under conscious control continue to function.These parts are regulated by the:

A) central nervous system
B) autonomic nervous system
C) somatic nervous system
D) forebrain

Question 43

The somatic nervous system:

A) consists of nerves connected to either sensory receptors or to voluntary muscles
B) regulates heart rate, breathing, blood pressure, and digestion
C) controls the fight-or-flight response
D) is in a constant state of homeostasis

Question 44

You stub your big toe on the chair leg.The pain message is first carried to the brain on nerves that are part of the:

A) sympathetic division
B) central nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system

Question 45

You are listening to a few songs that you really like since they are very relaxing.What part of your brain has a reward or pleasure center that is very active as you listen to the songs?

A) Broca's area
B) medulla
C) cerebellum
D) midbrain

Question 46

You are about to give a speech to a group of 100 people.Your ____ division is especially active as you notice butterflies in your stomach,a dry mouth,and sweaty palms.

A) sympathetic
B) parasympathetic
C) parietal lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 47

As you take this test,you feel the texture of the pencil you are using.Nerves that carry that sensory information from your fingers to your spinal cord are part of the:

A) sympathetic division
B) central nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system

Question 48

The two divisions of the nervous system are:

A) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
B) somatic nervous system and central nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system and central nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system and central nervous system

Question 49

You are videotaping a segment for a TV show that highlights funny situations and people caught on video.Your friend is hiding in a large box,ready to jump out and scare unsuspecting people.When the "victims" yell and scream indicating arousal,you speculate that their ____ becomes activated.

A) sympathetic division
B) parasympathetic division
C) parietal lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 50

What part of your nervous system do you use to correctly answer this question,which requires deep thought?

A) central nervous system
B) somatic nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) parasympathetic division

Question 51

"I'm glad that is over!" Your speech was a success.You feel your body calming down.Your ____ is activated.

A) sympathetic division
B) parasympathetic division
C) parietal lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 52

The somatic nervous system contains:

A) sympathetic division and parasympathetic division
B) afferent and efferent fibers
C) sensory and afferent fibers
D) motor fibers and latent fibers

Question 53

You're looking at a book entitled Your Autonomic Nervous System.One of the chapter titles is really confusing,based upon your knowledge of the autonomic nervous system.Which chapter seems to not fit your knowledge?

A) The Sympathetic Division: Activating in Times of Stress
B) Relaxing with the Parasympathetic Division
C) The Autonomic Nervous System: You CAN Control It All!
D) The Somatic Nervous System: Part of The Peripheral Nervous System

Question 54

In what brain area do you find the reticular formation?

A) midbrain
B) medulla
C) occipital lobe
D) cerebellum

Question 55

The central nervous system is made up of two components:

A) brain and spinal cord
B) sensory organs and afferent nerves
C) brain and efferent nerves
D) brain and somatic nerves

Question 56

The specific part of the nervous system that is responsible for returning the body to a relaxed state after an emergency or crisis situation is the:

A) parasympathetic division
B) somatic nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) peripheral nervous system

Question 57

Rex is an evil scientist and wants to take away humans' ability to use language,plan,and make decisions.What part of the brain should his newly invented "Death Ray Gun" destroy?

A) limbic system
B) reticular formation
C) thalamus
D) forebrain

Question 58

One day in class,ten-year old Pasquel and her classmates all turned their heads at the same time toward the windows when a large clap of thunder sounded.What brain area was most responsible for the automatic turning of the heads toward the noise?

A) pons
B) Wernicke's area
C) midbrain
D) somatosensory cortex

Question 59

The part of the brain that directly allows you to contemplate the answer to this question is the:

A) hindbrain
B) midbrain
C) forebrain
D) cerebellum

Question 60

The brain and spinal cord comprise the ____ nervous system.

A) peripheral
B) sympathetic
C) central
D) primary

Question 61

How is the cortex like an 18-inch television screen?

A) both a cortex and a TV screen are the result of many networks working together
B) both must be activated by electrical signals
C) when the cortex is unfolded it is about as large as an 18-inch television screen
D) both give off energy that can be detected and measured

Question 62

Leo's new roommate,Patrick,is a little odd.He seems to act strange in social situations,shows problems with his emotions,and has difficulty making decisions.You later learn that he has a tumor in one of his lobes and are not surprised to learn it is located in the ____ lobe.

A) sensory
B) occipital
C) temporal
D) frontal

Question 63

Which of the following descriptions of the lobes of the cortex is incorrect?

A) frontal-involved with personality and emotion
B) parietal-involved with motor behaviors
C) temporal-involved with hearing and speaking
D) occipital-involved with processing visual information

Question 64

You are a subject in a study.Your eye is being conditioned to blink to a noise.According to Module Four,which part of your brain is involved in this reflexive learning?

A) pons
B) medulla
C) midbrain
D) cerebellum

Question 65

The graceful movements of a ballet dancer are due to the coordination of movement performed by the:

A) medulla
B) cerebellum
C) hypothalamus
D) pons

Question 66

The pons:

A) controls vital reflexes such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
B) coordinates voluntary movements
C) contains Purkinje cells
D) connects the spinal cord to the brain and makes chemicals important in sleep

Question 67

Mike has had too much to drink.He shows decreased coordination and has difficulty rapidly touching a finger to his nose.Of the following brain areas,which is most responsible for these altered behaviors?

A) pons
B) reticular formation
C) cerebellum
D) medulla

Question 68

Which of the following activities would most likely involve the cerebellum?

A) experiencing emotion
B) long-term memory
C) dancing
D) listening to a foreign language

Question 69

Based on Module Four,why would a baby born with almost no brain even survive for a couple of days?

A) The baby would still have a brain area that regulates vital reflexes.
B) The cortex would probably be intact.
C) The somatic nervous system still functions.
D) The baby's forebrain still functions to keep the body alive.

Question 70

Baby Theresa is described in the textbook as having a rare condition where the fetal brain does not develop normally.What is the proper diagnosis of this condition?

A) encephalitis
B) meningitis
C) fragile X syndrome
D) anencephaly

Question 71

Baby Theresa suffered from _____,which prevented most of her brain from developing,except for primitive areas.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) Down syndrome
C) anencephaly
D) split brain

Question 72

Of the following functions,which is not a function of the frontal lobe?

A) performing voluntary movements
B) processing sensory information from parts of the body
C) paying attention
D) executing plans

Question 73

The case of Baby Theresa provides useful insights into brain function because of the malformation called ______.

A) fragile X syndrome
B) anencephaly
C) Broca's aphasia
D) Parkinson's disease

Question 74

The thin layer of cells that cover the surface of the forebrain is called the:

A) cortex
B) myelin sheath
C) cerebellum
D) thalamus

Question 75

Besides coordinating muscle movements,the cerebellum is involved in:

A) learning to perform timed motor responses
B) reading
C) initiating voluntary movements
D) writing computer programs

Question 76

In a fit of uncontrollable panic and depression,a person drinks a quart of hard liquor in less than an hour.If this proves fatal,it will be because the alcohol:

A) permanently damaged synapses around muscles
B) anesthetized parts of the neocortex
C) created a neural apathy that prevented the person from defending himself against trauma
D) inhibited neurons in the medulla, causing vital life support reflexes to stop

Question 77

The brain area that most distinguishes us from animals is the:

A) thyroid
B) cerebellum
C) pons
D) cortex

Question 78

The medulla:

A) controls vital reflexes such as respiration, heart rate, and blood pressure
B) initiates voluntary movements
C) regulates the production of speech
D) connects the spinal cord to the brain and makes chemicals important in sleep

Question 79

The forebrain can be divided into lobes.Which of the following is not a lobe?

A) frontal
B) parietal
C) lateral
D) occipital

Question 80

The human cortex is wrinkled because:

A) it is very old compared to more primitive brains
B) wrinkling increases the surface area
C) the cell body causes a constriction at the surface
D) the axons pull down on certain parts of the cortex