Deck 7: Sleep and Dreams

Question 1

What appears to be a function of daydreaming?

A) to act as a safety valve to release pent-up sexual desires
B) to facilitate the release of growth hormones
C) to reflect on past actions or plan for the future
D) to encode memories into the unconscious mind

Answer 1

to reflect on past actions or plan for the future

Question 2

Andy is learning how to juggle three balls.He is not very good at it,and he keeps dropping them.You can plainly see the concentration on his face.Juggling for Andy is a(n):

A) automatic process
B) controlled process
C) attentional process
D) introspective process

Answer 2

controlled process

Question 3

What did the discovery of rapid eye movement and its association with dreaming give researchers?

A) a reliable method to study how the body uses light cues
B) a reliable method to identify and study dreaming in the laboratory
C) a reliable method to study the effects of hypnosis on dreams
D) a reliable method to study the role that vision plays in dreaming

Answer 3

a reliable method to identify and study dreaming in the laboratory

Question 4

Meditation,hypnosis,or drug use usually produces which type of consciousness?

A) automatic processes
B) altered states
C) sleep and dreams
D) cognitive unconscious

Question 5

Answering this question correctly is an example of a(n)____,since it requires concentration and your full attention.

A) controlled process
B) conscious process
C) introspective process
D) automatic process

Question 6

Young David is being wheeled into the operating room for surgery and the preoperative drugs are having an effect.His eyes are open,but his perception of the world around him,the voices of the surgical team,and the faces of his relatives are very different than normal.At what point along the continuum of consciousness is David most likely to be?

A) a vegetative state
B) Unconsciousness
C) an altered state
D) cognitive preconscious

Question 7

Professor Clark is lecturing and notices a student in the back of the room who appears to be daydreaming.Professor Clark startles the student by asking,"Excuse me.Can I be of service to you?" Given what we know about daydreaming,the student is most likely to say she was daydreaming about:

A) "I was just imagining that I'm playing a championship game with seconds left."
B) "I was thinking about how my boyfriend broke up with me last night."
C) "I was thinking about how much I want a new car."
D) "I was just thinking what I would do if a won the Mega Lotto tonight-it's up to $100 million dollars."

Question 8

Controlled process is to automatic process as ____ is to ____.

A) suprachiasmatic nucleus; basal ganglia
B) absolute threshold; JND
C) daydreaming; night dreaming
D) full awareness; little awareness

Question 9

Although Christine is concentrating on reading her psychology book,she can also eat her breakfast,brush her hair,and put on her nail polish without interfering with her studying.For Christine,these other activities are called:

A) automatic processes
B) subliminal processes
C) uncontrolled processes
D) unconscious processes

Question 10

According to your authors,why does using a car phone while driving increase the chance of having a car accident?

A) Automatic processes like using a car phone disrupt other ongoing activities like driving.
B) When talking on the phone, we tend to enter an altered state that disrupts consciousness.
C) Controlled processes like using a car phone disrupt other ongoing activities like driving.
D) Most of the conversations that take place on car phones tend to be highly emotional and this increases road rage.

Question 11

Your different levels of awareness of thoughts and feelings are called:

A) apnea
B) perception
C) identity
D) consciousness

Question 12

The purpose of isolating a person in a cave for many months without clocks,television,or radio was to determine:

A) if people can live without such modern devices
B) how much the person sleeps with no time cues
C) how the devices' electromagnetic waves affect memory
D) how many books the person could read

Question 13

The four months Stefania spent in a Plexiglas module taught researchers:

A) social deprivation has profoundly devastating effects on mental health
B) blood sugar levels are linked to light cues
C) delusions are commonplace in light-deprived settings
D) without cues of light, it becomes difficult to judge time

Question 14

The continuum of consciousness ranges from:

A) acute awareness to total unawareness and unresponsiveness
B) limited awareness to fantasizing
C) automatic processes to altered states
D) unconsciousness to dreaming

Question 15

Stefania,the woman who spent 130 days underground,had a difficult time:

A) estimating the passage of time
B) keeping physically fit
C) being away from her family
D) with concentration near the end of her ordeal

Question 16

People generally daydream during situations that:

A) require a great deal of attention
B) are repetitious or boring
C) are controlled processes
D) immediately precede sleeping

Question 17

"I can chew gum and walk at the same time." This best illustrates:

A) controlled processes
B) altered states of consciousness
C) automatic processes
D) Daydreaming

Question 18

Activities (such as studying for an exam)that require full awareness and concentration are called:

A) automatic processes
B) conscious processes
C) focused processes
D) controlled processes

Question 19

Dr.Barr is an authority on consciousness and wishes to set up a website that summarizes his research in the area.Which of the following website addresses would be most descriptive?

A) www.awareness.edu
B) www.freud.edu
C) www.hypnosis.org
D) www.rem.edu

Question 20

Consciousness is defined as:

A) the process by which a sensation becomes a perception
B) different levels of awareness of one's thoughts and feelings
C) cognitive reflection of the physical events one encounters
D) introspective thinking that results in mental experiences

Question 21

Which of the following is the most distracting while driving?

A) use of a cell phone
B) listening to music
C) reading the directional street sign
D) talking to a passenger

Question 22

Dr.Buckbee is studying biological clocks.He is most interested in the clock that is set for about a single day.Dr.Buckbee studies:

A) suprachiasmatic rhythms
B) lunar rhythms
C) daily rhythms
D) circadian rhythms

Question 23

____ refers to awareness that differs from normal consciousness.

A) Automatic processes
B) Cognitive unconscious
C) Controlled processes
D) Altered states

Question 24

The individual most associated with the concept of the unconscious is:

A) B. F. Skinner
B) Wilhelm Wundt
C) Sigmund Freud
D) Stephen LaBerge

Question 25

Tim believes that sleep is one continuous state of consciousness.Is Tim right?

A) Yes-sleep is made up of non-REM consciousness
B) Yes-sleep is made up of REM consciousness
C) No-sleep is made up of five different REM and non-REM stages
D) No-sleep is made up of two different REM states

Question 26

As we pass into the deepest stages of sleep,we may:

A) sleeptalk or sleepwalk
B) have nightmares
C) have very vivid and emotional dreams
D) enter REM

Question 27

A hard blow to the head can produce a temporary state of:

A) cognitive unconscious
B) euphoria
C) sleep
D) unconsciousness

Question 28

Imagine that NASA conducts a study to find out the length of a person's sleep-wake cycle if all time cues,such as daylight and clocks,are removed.How long would you predict this cycle to be,given these conditions?

A) 16 hours and 32 minutes long
B) 20 hours long
C) 24 hours long
D) 24 hours and 18 minutes long

Question 29

A person who is classified as being in a vegetative state:

A) has no awareness or responsiveness
B) is temporarily unconscious
C) is considered to be in an altered state
D) is capable of mental processes

Question 30

Each day ____ resets our circadian clock.

A) an alarm clock
B) morning sunlight
C) the feeling of hunger
D) evening sunlight

Question 31

The term ____ refers to mental and emotional processes of which we are unaware but that influence our conscious thoughts and behaviors.

A) unconsciousness
B) implicit (or nondeclarative) memory
C) coma
D) altered states

Question 32

Can you describe the complex motor movements involved in riding a bicycle according to the cognitive view of the unconscious?

A) Yes-since motor memories are automatic processes
B) Yes-motor memories are examples of controlled processes
C) No-these motor memories are implicit or nondeclarative memories
D) No-these motor memories are often associated with threatening wishes and desires, and therefore are stored in the unconscious

Question 33

Which type of consciousness involves passing through five states of differing levels of consciousness?

A) altered states
B) automatic processes
C) coma
D) sleep

Question 34

A researcher wishes to investigate the length of the sleep-wake cycle that is regulated by a subject's biological clock.The researcher can do this by:

A) letting the subject eat and sleep whenever he or she feels like it
B) asking the subject to estimate the time at certain intervals without the use of a clock
C) removing all cues to time and measuring when the subject sleeps and wakes
D) analyzing the cycle produced by brain-wave patterns

Question 35

If left in a place with no time or light cues,your sleep-wake cycle would:

A) remain at 24 hours
B) change to a little more than 24 hours
C) keep constant at 12 hours
D) remain unchanged at about 4 hours

Question 36

A circadian rhythm is a(n):

A) naturally occurring cycle in the body set to about 24 hours
B) altered state of consciousness
C) type of neurotransmitter involved in sleep
D) naturally occurring cycle in the body set to about 12 or 13 hours

Question 37

Professor Johnson views the unconscious as an active psychological process that protects us from threatening thoughts and desires.Her views are most consistent with:

A) Czeisler
B) Kihlstrom
C) Freud
D) Mesmer

Question 38

According to Freud,where do we place threatening wishes or desires?

A) the unconscious
B) an altered state of consciousness
C) the conscious
D) the superego

Question 39

You have internal timing devices set for hours,a single day,and for many days.These are:

A) biological clocks
B) lunar clocks
C) biorhythms
D) circadian rhythms

Question 40

What is the literal meaning of circadian?

A) "the mind's clock"
B) "about a day"
C) "the mind's day"
D) "time has no end"

Question 41

Zoe,who is obese,gets up in the middle of the night to eat.What is the most likely cause?

A) Her food-entrainable circadian clock is damaged.
B) Zoe is sleep walking.
C) Her patterns of REM and Non-REM are disrupted.
D) She is still experiencing jet lag.

Question 42

After telling your friends about the role of light in the sleep-wake cycle,one of them asks about blind people.You mention:

A) that nearly all blind people have serious problems with their sleep-wake cycle
B) all blind people must use auditory cues of time passage
C) the pathway for vision and for circadian rhythms are separate
D) blindness causes profound disturbances in sleeping that must be treated with hormone injections

Question 43

In people with normal circadian clocks,what effect does melatonin taken in pill form have on jet lag?

A) It helps people to adjust to jet lag.
B) It helps people to adjust to jet lag, but only if traveling east to west.
C) It helps people to adjust to jet lag, but only if traveling west to east.
D) It was no more effective than a placebo in reducing jet lag.

Question 44

How would you explain that some blind individuals do not have sleep problems?

A) Light does not readjust their circadian rhythms.
B) These individuals are often prescribed sleeping pills to prevent any sleep disturbances.
C) Because of plasticity, the brain pathways to the SCN become rewired.
D) The pathway for light to the SCN is not damaged while the pathway required for vision is damaged.

Question 45

"My husband's food-entrainable circadian clock must be broken." Which of the following behavior is the most likely evidence of this statement?

A) He gets up late at night to eat.
B) He eats a very large breakfast.
C) He eats his meals at varying times throughout the day.
D) He craves high-protein foods.

Question 46

What does light therapy do in resetting circadian rhythms?

A) light resets the internal timing clock
B) light resets the basal ganglia
C) light resets the suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) light resets the retina

Question 47

The rule of thumb for recovering from jet lag is that it takes about ____ to reset the circadian clock for ____ of time change.

A) one hour; each hour
B) one day; each day
C) one day; each hour
D) two days; each hour

Question 48

According to Module Seven,light therapy has been recently used to treat:

A) night terrors
B) sleep apnea
C) narcolepsy
D) depression

Question 49

What hormone is thought to play a role in circadian rhythms?

A) dopamine
B) melatonin
C) estrogen
D) prolixin

Question 50

Which of the following did Charles Czeisler find could reset the circadian rhythm of a night worker?

A) exposure to bright light
B) removing all clocks from the workplace
C) injecting high doses of melatonin
D) electroencephalogram tracing

Question 51

Eric usually has problems with attention and alertness at work.Last week he was involved in a minor accident at work.He talks about experiencing a "dead zone." Since Eric does not abuse drugs,the most likely reason for Eric's problems at work is:

A) that he feels unfulfilled
B) he works the overnight shift
C) family problems at home
D) his lack of confidence in management

Question 52

How does the body reset its genetically preset sleep-wake circadian clock to the 24-hour day?

A) morning light enters the eye and is sent to the basal ganglia
B) morning light enters the eye and is sent to the suprachiasmatic nucleus
C) the sound of the clock alarm resets the circadian clock
D) eating breakfast in the morning resets hormonal levels

Question 53

A frequent flier has problems with jet lag.He decides that he can control this by changing the seat he normally occupies in the aircraft.This strategy is:

A) not likely to work because jet lag is caused by protein imbalances that result from having to eat at irregular times
B) going to fail because jet lag is caused by a lack of synchrony between biological and chronological clocks
C) likely to work because jet lag is caused by the nature of movement in an aircraft and this is experienced differently in different parts of the plane
D) not likely to work because jet lag is caused by the tiring nature of travel

Question 54

Everyday our circadian clock gets reset by about:

A) 3 minutes
B) 18 minutes
C) 1 hour
D) 3 hours

Question 55

The suprachiasmatic nucleus is found in the:

A) cerebellum
B) hippocampus
C) hypothalamus
D) basal ganglia

Question 56

Tom is working the graveyard shift at the mill.He has just reached the "dead zone" and is experiencing problems with alertness.The clock on the wall reads:

A) 1:00 AM
B) 2:00 AM
C) 5:00 AM
D) 6:00 AM

Question 57

The sun is rising.The morning light is becoming brighter.What's happening to your level of melatonin?

A) melatonin is not affected by light levels
B) it is stabilizing
C) it is decreasing
D) it is increasing

Question 58

You are writing an article for a newspaper on late-night eating among obese people.Which of the following is the most appropriate title for your article?

A) Using Light to Cure Late-Night Snacking
B) Eating Becomes an Automatic Process for Some
C) Lack of Endorphins Causes Late-Night Eating
D) Is Your Food-Entrainable Circadian Clock Broken?

Question 59

If your circadian rhythm becomes out of step with clock time when you travel,you experience a phenomenon known as:

A) sleep spindles
B) activation-synthesis
C) paradoxical sleep
D) jet lag

Question 60

The fundamental problem underlying jet lag and accidents during graveyard shifts is that:

A) our circadian rhythm is disrupted so that our normal sleep and wake times get thrown off
B) corporate greed is inconsistent with the biological needs of people
C) we do not know how to reset circadian rhythms
D) we do not value good, quality sleep

Question 61

Rip's EEG indicates that he has entered delta sleep.We can expect that:

A) his brain will be emitting sleep spindles
B) he has just fallen asleep
C) he would be very difficult to awaken
D) he is about to wake up

Question 62

The deepest stage of sleep is characterized by ____ waves.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) theta
D) delta

Question 63

REM brain waves have ____ frequency and ____ amplitude.

A) no; slow
B) slow; high
C) high; low
D) low; fast

Question 64

In a typical night,we spend about ____ of our sleep time in REM.

A) 20%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 65

The phone rings and wakes you just when you first fall asleep.It is most likely you have been awakened from:

A) non-REM sleep
B) REM sleep
C) SPID sleep
D) paradoxical sleep

Question 66

Sleep spindles appear during what stage of sleep?

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) Stage 4

Question 67

What is the lightest stage of sleep?

A) Alpha stage
B) Stage 1
C) Stage 2
D) Stage 3

Question 68

Before entering the first stage of sleep,you probably feel relaxed and drowsy as you lay in your bed.This is called the ____ stage.

A) alpha
B) beta
C) psi
D) theta

Question 69

Sleep is divided into stages by examining a person's:

A) activity level during sleep
B) dream activity
C) circadian rhythms
D) EEG pattern

Question 70

Whose brain is most likely to have alpha waves?

A) Fran-she is dreaming
B) Gary-he is in stage 1
C) Vi-she is very relaxed and drowsy
D) Erv-he is excited as he watches his favorite football team

Question 71

Heidi wants to be an astronaut.As part of her medical exam,she is hooked to an electroencephalograph.This device is being used to monitor Heidi's:

A) hypnotic susceptibility
B) blood alcohol level
C) hypothalamic activity in sleep
D) brain waves

Question 72

REM sleep is sometimes referred to as:

A) daydreaming
B) rebound sleep
C) paradoxical sleep
D) delta sleep

Question 73

In a typical night,we spend about ____ of our sleep time in non-REM.

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 80%
D) 95%

Question 74

A commuter who takes the train daily from Connecticut to Manhattan is in his habit of sitting with his eyes closed,but the motion and noise of the train keep him from truly falling asleep.He feels relaxed and is drowsy.The commuter's brain is probably emitting which type of waves?

A) beta
B) alpha
C) delta
D) theta

Question 75

Thomas nudges Nancy,who is on the couch sleeping.Nancy says,"I feel as if I wasn't even sleeping." Nancy,most likely,woke from ____.

A) Stage 1
B) Stage 2
C) Stage 3
D) REM sleep

Question 76

Your psychology professor is talking about the changes in the electrical activity of the brain and the accompanying physiological bodily responses you experience as you sleep.What is your professor most likely describing?

A) activation-synthesis stages
B) continuum of sleep
C) altered states of consciousness
D) stages of sleep

Question 77

Brain waves are described by examining their:

A) frequency and altitude
B) frequency and amplitude
C) pitch and amplitude
D) size and depth

Question 78

A mother tells her son that if he doesn't sleep he won't grow.The mother is:

A) partly correct in that growth hormones are released during Non-REM sleep
B) relying on an old folk tale that has no support in science
C) partly correct in that a rested body grows faster
D) correct because we do most of our growing when we are asleep

Question 79

Every night,we cycle into REM about:

A) 1-2 times
B) 3-4 times
C) 5-6 times
D) 7-8 times

Question 80

You are looking at two EEG profiles recorded from an individual's full night of sleep.But you have a difficult time telling apart two types of brain waves.What are the two waves that look identical to each other?

A) delta waves and alpha waves
B) beta waves and REM brain waves
C) sleep spindles & theta waves
D) delta and REM brain waves