Deck 1: Morality, ethics, and Human Behavior

Question 1

While duties are what you must do in order to be good,______________ are commendable but not required actions.

A) functions
B) superogatories
C) imperfect duties
D) obligations

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A good Samaritan who jumps into a river to save a drowning child,risking his or her own life to do so,has performed a(n):

A) professional duty
B) ethical duty
C) superogatory action
D) moral duty

Answer 2

C

Question 3

We usually discuss moral or immoral behavior only in cases in which the behavior significantly:

A) threatens nature
B) affects others
C) deviates from the norm
D) corrupts the social order

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The highly technical discipline investigating the meaning of ethical terms including a critical study of how ethical statements can be referred to as:

A) normative ethics
B) applied ethics
C) forensic ethics
D) meta-ethics

Question 5

The term _______________ refers to what is judged as good conduct.

A) ethics
B) morality
C) honor
D) goodness

Question 6

__________________ ethics determine what people ought to do and defines moral duties based on ethical systems or other means of analysis.

A) Applied
B) Normative
C) Professional
D) Conventional

Question 7

All public servants have the following characteristics except:

A) paid from public purse
B) special duties
C) power to use force
D) held to higher standard

Question 8

Which of the following is not an example of an imperfect duty?

A) a duty to be honest
B) a duty to be generous
C) a duty to take your life
D) a duty to help the poor

Question 9

The application of ethical principles to specific issues such as social research or medical practice is called:

A) meta-ethics
B) normative ethics
C) applied ethics
D) practical ethics

Question 10

Which of the following statements about values is false?

A) An explicit value system is a part of every ethical system
B) Our behavior is influenced by our value system
C) the values of life and respect for the person can be found in all ethical systems
D) the value of survival is particular to the U.S. ethical system

Question 11

A ______________ is when an individual convinces investors that they can make large returns on their money and uses subsequent investors to pay earlier ones.

A) pyramid scheme
B) Ponzi scheme
C) racketeering scheme
D) con scheme

Question 12

According to the text,behavioral decisions that can be judged under ethical standards involve four elements.Which of the following is one of these elements?

A) the judge must be present
B) animals may not be involved
C) individual was coerced
D) behavior stems from free will

Question 13

Which of the following would not be considered a moral judgment?

A) Capital punishment is just.
B) Abortion results in the death of fetuses.
C) Generosity is desirable.
D) Sodomy is a personal choice that individuals have a right to make.

Question 14

Which of the following is not one of Braswell's reasons to study ethics?

A) develop critical thinking skills
B) become aware and open to ethical issues
C) develop wholesight
D) improve public image

Question 15

Most behaviors that might be judged as ethical or unethical for criminal justice professionals fall into four major categories.Which of the following does not represents one of these four categories?

A) theft
B) malfeasance
C) gossip
D) civic engagement

Question 16

Superogatories have to do with:

A) duties
B) virtues
C) laws
D) meta-ethics

Question 17

Which of the following is not one of the ethical principles that govern public servants identified by the Josephson Institute?

A) accountability
B) democratic leadership
C) public service
D) incomplete judgment

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of a value?

A) It is raining hard
B) Rain is good
C) It has been a long time since it rained
D) It rains mostly in the afternoons

Question 19

According to the 2009 Transparency International list of most and least corrupt nations in the world,which of the following countries did not rank in the top ten "least corrupt" countries?

A) Denmark
B) Singapore
C) United States
D) Finland

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an imperfect duty?

A) to be generous
B) to not engage in infidelity
C) to not cheat on a test
D) to save someone from drowning

Question 21

Which of the following best describes a situation in which one person must make a decision about what to do?

A) ethical issues
B) ethical dilemmas
C) ethical ruse
D) ethical crisis

Question 22

Which of the following is not an example of an ethical issue as described in the text?

A) what laws to pass
B) what sentences to attach to certain crimes
C) whether to abolish the death penalty
D) whether you should use marijuana for medicinal purposes

Question 23

The first step in analyzing an ethical dilemma is to consider the underlying values of each of the involved parties.

Question 24

According to your text,prosecutors face the most public scrutiny of all criminal justice professionals.

Question 25

The primary distinction between ethical issues and ethical dilemmas is that issues are broad and dilemmas are specific.

Question 26

Which of the following individuals is notorious for his role in one of the largest Ponzi schemes ever uncovered?

A) Jeffrey Skilling
B) Andrew Fastow
C) Bernard Madoff
D) Conrad Black

Question 27

According to the text,broad social questions,often concerning the government's social control mechanisms and the impact on those governed are called:

A) social dilemmas
B) moral dilemmas
C) ethical issues
D) public conundrum

Question 28

Which of the following statements is an example of an ethical issue?

A) what sentences to attach to certain crimes
B) decriminalization of soft drugs
C) racial profiling
D) filing charges against a minor

Question 29

Superogatories are actions that a moral person must perform.

Question 30

Imperfect duties are general duties that should be upheld but do not have a specific application as to when or how.

Question 31

The decision to use drugs falls within the sphere of moral judgment.

Question 32

Which of the following statements represents an example of an ethical dilemma?

A) what laws to pass
B) what sentences to attach to certain crimes
C) whether to abolish the death penalty
D) whether you should use marijuana for medicinal purposes

Question 33

In common usage,the terms "ethical" and "moral" are often considered as being interchangeable.

Question 34

Committing suicide on a desert island falls within the sphere of moral judgment.

Question 35

According to the text,the last step necessary to clarify any dilemma is:

A) identify of potential values involved
B) review all the facts
C) identify all possible moral dilemmas
D) resolve the ethical dilemma by using some means of decision making

Question 36

We make ethical judgments using rationales derived from traditional and historical ethical systems.

Question 37

According to the text,the first step necessary to clarify any dilemma is:

A) identify of potential values involved
B) review all the facts
C) identify all possible moral dilemmas
D) interview all those involved

Question 38

Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma?

A) racial profiling
B) decriminalizing soft drugs
C) the Patriot Act
D) a judge reinstating a death sentence in a case

Question 39

Which of the following is not one of the five steps necessary to clarify any dilemma presented in your text?

A) identify of potential values involved
B) review all the facts
C) identify all possible moral dilemmas
D) seek the advice of moral or ethical judges

Question 40

Moral culpability is assigned to all human beings since we have the ability to decide what is good or bad.

Question 41

___________________ determines what people ought to do and defines moral duties.

Question 42

According to the text,most behaviors might be judged as ethical or unethical for criminal justice professionals fall into four major categories.List and discuss these four categories and provide an example of each.

Question 43

_____________________ are defined as judgments of desirability,worth,or importance.

Question 44

The term ______________ refers to the power to make a decision or choice.

Question 45

Describe and discuss the relationship between duties and values as presented in your text.

Question 46

List and discuss the five steps used to clarify any ethical dilemma that are presented in the text.

Question 47

??___________________ refers to the study of ethics applied to a specific profession or subject.

Question 48

The term _________________ refers to applied ethics relevant to a particular occupation or profession.

Question 49

List and discuss the four elements that specify the types of behaviors that are judged under ethical criteria.

Question 50

List and discuss Felkenes' reasons why it is important for criminal justice professionals to study ethics.

Question 51

Ethical ____________________ are broad social questions,often concerning the government's social control mechanisms and the impact on those governed.

Question 52

The term ________________ refers to exploring issues with one's heart as well as one's mind.

Question 53

The study and analysis of what constitutes good or bad conduct is called ____________.

Question 54

List and discuss the four branches of ethics presented in the text.

Question 55

_______________ is the discipline investigating the meaning of ethical terms including a critical study of how ethical statements can be verified.

Question 56

Compare and contrast morals and ethics.

Question 57

Compare and contrast ethical issue and ethical dilemma. Provide an example of each.

Question 58

Compare and contrast duties and superogatories.Give an example of each.

Question 59

List and discuss the elements that all professionals in the criminal justice system have in common.

Question 60

The term __________________ refers to commendable actions that are not required in order to be considered moral.