Deck 7: Police Corruption and Misconduct

Question 1

The Knapp Commission coined the term "grass eaters" to refer to officers who did all of the following except:

A) took offered bribes
B) took offered gratuities
C) picked up merchandise at a crime scene
D) accepted protection money

Answer 1

C

Question 2

According to Fyfe and Kane,on-duty abuse is:

A) the use of excessive force, psychological abuse, or discrimination
B) all offenses except those that are drug-related with the goal of profit
C) simple failure to meet expectations
D) violating one or more departmental rules

Answer 2

A

Question 3

According to Fyfe and Kane,conduct-related probationary failures is:

A) the use of excessive force, psychological abuse, or discrimination
B) all offenses except those that are drug-related with the goal of profit
C) simple failure to meet expectations
D) violating one or more departmental rules

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to Barker and Carter,disrespect and ridicule are examples of which of the following types of abuse?

A) physical abuse
B) psychological abuse
C) legal abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 5

In terms of police corruption,the so-called "Queensland model" has become the most well-known:

A) ethical model
B) integrity model
C) utilitarian model
D) critical model

Question 6

According to Barker and Carter,unlawful searches or seizures are examples of which of the following types of abuse?

A) physical abuse
B) psychological abuse
C) legal abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 7

The term Baksheesh is a euphemism for:

A) bribes
B) protection money
C) graft
D) rewards

Question 8

Kania believes that gratuities should be allowed because:

A) Officers don't make much money
B) They cement social bonds
C) They are in payment for special services
D) They are without cost

Question 9

The practice of not ticketing an officer who is stopped for speeding or for other driving violations is called:

A) blue gratuity
B) professional gift
C) professional courtesy
D) blue graft

Question 10

According to the text,citizens from which country report trusting their police more any other professional group?

A) Denmark
B) Canada
C) Britain
D) Finland

Question 11

Which of the following is not considered graft?

A) bribes
B) protection money
C) taking merchandize from a crime scene
D) rewards for referring certain bail bondsmen

Question 12

Items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather than because of a personal relationship with the giver are called:

A) pay offs
B) gratuities
C) bribes
D) rewards

Question 13

According to Barker and Carter,harassment and ridicule are examples of which of the following types of abuse?

A) physical abuse
B) psychological abuse
C) legal abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 14

The term grass eaters refers to police officers in:

A) New York City who accepted bribes, gratuities and protection money
B) Boston who sold their services to the highest bidders
C) Los Angeles who "shopped" at burglary scenes
D) Chicago who used marijuana on a regular basis

Question 15

The two major arguments against gratuities are the slippery slope argument and the:

A) anti-utilitarian argument
B) blue erosion argument
C) unjust enrichment argument
D) anti-bribe argument

Question 16

According to Barker and Carter,unlawful searchers or seizures are examples of which of the following types of abuse?

A) physical abuse
B) psychological abuse
C) legal abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 17

Fyfe and Kane discuss three types of police misconduct including all of the following except:

A) police crime
B) police corruption
C) abuse of power
D) abuse of authority

Question 18

Barker and Carter proposed that police abuse of authority comes in all of the following areas except:

A) physical abuse
B) psychological abuse
C) legal abuse
D) sexual abuse

Question 19

The term meat eaters refers to:

A) police officers in Los Angeles who accepted bribes, gratuities and protection money
B) police officers in Boston who accepted bribes, gratuities and protection money
C) police officers in New York City who "shopped" at burglary scenes
D) police officers in Chicago who "shopped" at burglary scenes

Question 20

An important distinction between a gift and a gratuity is that a gift is:

A) clearly given with expectations of reciprocity
B) clearly given with no strings attached
C) something that can only be given to an off duty police officer
D) something that is received from someone recently arrested

Question 21

Lack of background checks,poor internal discipline procedures,and poor supervision are all examples of what type of explanations for police deviance?

A) societal
B) organizational
C) individual
D) philosophical

Question 22

In Macintyre and Prenzler's study of whether police officers would issue a ticket to a business owner who gave them gratuities,less than half said they would issue the ticket.

Question 23

In the NYC study,it was found that women were much less likely than men to be fired for cause.

Question 24

According to the text,explanations of corruption include all of the following except:

A) individual explanations
B) institutional explanations
C) sub-cultural explanations
D) systemic explanations

Question 25

A gift is different from a gratuity.

Question 26

In his "corruption continuum," Trautman argues that organizations create unethical employees through several steps.Which of the following is not one of these steps?

A) ignoring obvious ethical problems
B) perceived sense of victimization
C) survival of the fittest
D) hypocrisy and fear-dominated culture

Question 27

The Christopher Commission found that L.A.P.D.management was not responsible for the use of force in the Rodney King incident.

Question 28

In Barker and Carter's study,they found that up to what percent of police may have used drugs on duty?

A) 20
B) 2
C) 10
D) 40

Question 29

The Buddy Boys operated in which city?

A) New York
B) L.A.
C) Boston
D) Detroit

Question 30

Transparency International finds that the country with the highest integrity scores for their law enforcement agencies include the United States.

Question 31

According to Carter,the elements of police work that can lead to drug use include all of the following except:

A) exposure to a criminal element
B) time spent in traffic patrol duties
C) relative freedom from supervision
D) uncontrolled availability of contraband

Question 32

Noble cause corruption is a type of organizational level explanation for police deviance.

Question 33

Gilmartin and Harris coined the term "continuum of compromise."

Question 34

In the international study of police integrity,officers in the United States rated bribery as the most serious form of misconduct.

Question 35

Race is found to be a significantly associated factor in the use of force.

Question 36

Research on excessive force finds that:
a. It is a widespread problem.
b. It seems to be an activity that is disproportionally engaged in by a small number.
c. It is increasing.
d. It is particularly a problem in the south.

Question 37

In studies of sexual harassment,what percent of female officers reported being victimized?

A) 30 percent
B) 70 percent
C) 10 percent
D) 50 percent

Question 38

Kania believes that every officer goes through a slippery slope where small lapses lead to larger acts of corruption.

Question 39

Graft is defined as the exploitation of one's role by:

A) utilizing excessive force while arresting someone
B) utilizing excessive force to obtain a confession
C) accepting free coffee from convenience stores
D) accepting bribes or protection money

Question 40

The "rotten bushel" explanation is which type of explanation for police deviance?

A) societal
B) organizational
C) individual
D) philosophical

Question 41

The term ___________________ was used by Ruiz and Bono to describe the situation wherein officers are frequently offered gratuities.

Question 42

What does research show concerning the number of officers who use drugs on duty? Discuss the findings and their implications.

Question 43

Compare and contrast 'grass eaters' and 'meat eaters.'

Question 44

____________________ are items of value received by an individual because of his or her role or position rather than because of a personal relationship with the giver.

Question 45

What are the individual,organizational,and societal level explanations for police officer deviance?

Question 46

The _____________________ argument states that the officer alone was deviant and that it was simply a mistake to hire him or her.

Question 47

What are the arguments for the acceptance of gratuities?

Question 48

The term ____________________ was used by the Knapp Commission to describe NYC police officers who were taking bribes,gratuities,and unsolicited protection money and who were fairly passive in their deviant practices.

Question 49

List and discuss examples of law enforcement corruption in other countries.

Question 50

The New York City officers,called the _____________________ were involved in theft,robbery,and selling drugs in the 1980's.

Question 51

The idea that small unethical acts will lead to larger ones over time is called the _____________________ argument.

Question 52

List and discuss Barker and Carter's types of abuse.

Question 53

Discuss the research concerning use of force.What factors seem to be associated with it?

Question 54

__________________ would indicate that we must be comfortable with a universal law allowing all businesses to give all police officers certain favors or gratuities,such as free meals,free merchandise,or special consideration.

Question 55

The term ____________________ was used by the Knapp Commission to describe deviant NYC police officers who engaged in shakedowns,shopped at burglary scenes,and engaged in more serious practices.

Question 56

What are the arguments against gratuities? Provide examples.

Question 57

What is the continuum of sexual misconduct? Provide examples.

Question 58

List and describe various forms of law enforcement deviance presented in your text.

Question 59

When one acts upon opportunities created by one's authority for the purpose of personal gain at the expense of the public,it is called __________________.

Question 60

The term ____________________ refers to any exploitation of one's role,such as accepting bribes,protection money,or kickbacks.