Deck 3: Current Controversies in Clinical Psychology

Question 1

Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients?

A) handheld electronic communication devices (e.g., iPhones, Blackberries)
B) websites
C) videoconferencing (e.g., Skype)
D) all of the above

Answer 1

all of the above

Question 2

Which of the following forms of technology has/have been used by clinical psychologists to treat clients?

A) virtual-reality techniques in which phobic clients are exposed to feared objects
B) computer-based self-instructional programs that complement face-to-face, in-person treatments.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Answer 2

all of the above

Question 3

The use of technology,particularly the Internet,by clinical psychologists is often referred to as _____.

A) conference therapy
B) digi-assessment
C) cybertherapy
D) tech-psych

Answer 3

cybertherapy

Question 4

An example of a manualized psychotherapy with empirical evidence for its efficacy is

A) exposure and response prevention for bulimia.
B) exposure and response prevention for obsessive compulsive disorder.
C) dialectical behavior therapy for depression.
D) dialectical behavior therapy for antisocial personality disorder.

Question 5

Payment for psychotherapy by health insurance companies has

A) decreased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
B) remained constant throughout the history of psychotherapy.
C) increased since the earliest days of psychotherapy.
D) not yet occurred, but is expected to begin within the next decade.

Question 6

We can say that cybertherapy generally appears to work

A) about as well as in-person forms of psychotherapy.
B) far worse than in-person forms of psychotherapy.
C) far better than in-person forms of psychotherapy.
D) We cannot compare cybertherapy and in-person psychotherapy because no studies exist on this topic.

Question 7

Disadvantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

A) threats to the relationship or alliance between therapist and client.
B) the fact that many clients have complicated problems that don't easily fit into diagnostic categories.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is true?

A) Most health insurance and managed care companies will pay for psychotherapy whether or not the therapist assigns a DSM diagnosis to the client.
B) Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that the way a client is diagnosed is affected by the client's method of payment.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 9

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

A) an excess of psychiatrists, especially in rural areas
B) convenience for clients
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 10

Patrick DeLeon,Morgan Sammons,and Robert McGrath are best known as advocates

A) for evidence-based psychotherapies.
B) for computer-based psychotherapies.
C) for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.
D) against evidence-based psychotherapies.

Question 11

According to surveys of psychologists in private practice (e.g.,Murphy et al.,1998),managed care companies have

A) generally had a positive impact on the quality of psychotherapy they provide.
B) exerted too much control over clinical decisions.
C) had no effect on confidentiality issues.
D) all of the above

Question 12

Recent surveys of psychologists have indicated that compared to a client paying out of pocket,an identical client paying via managed care is more likely to receive a DSM diagnosis if the client's symptoms are

A) related to inattention/hyperactivity or social phobia.
B) related to depression or anxiety.
C) clearly below diagnosable levels.
D) all of the above

Question 13

Evidence-based practice has also been referred to as _____ treatments.

A) empirically validated
B) empirically supported
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 14

A book entitled A Guide to Treatments That Work was published in _____ and represented a significant step in the _____

A) 1960; humanistic psychotherapy movement.
B) 1990; prescription privileges movement.
C) 1998; evidence-based practice movement.
D) 2005; psychotherapy via videoconferencing.

Question 15

The term evidence-based practice includes

A) the psychological treatment for a disorder.
B) factors related to the people providing and receiving the psychological service.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 16

Opponents of prescription privileges for clinical psychologists cite _____ as support for their argument.

A) the need for further training during or after graduate school
B) the possibility that the practice of psychotherapy would decline
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 17

Advocates for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists have often made the argument that other nonphysicians such as _____ have already been granted some prescription privileges.

A) dentists
B) advance practice nurses
C) podiatrists
D) all of the above

Question 18

Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include

A) an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists.
B) increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist.
C) the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.
D) all of the above

Question 19

Currently,_____ have passed legislation that grants prescription privileges to appropriately trained psychologists.

A) all 50 states
B) 31states
C) 2 states
D) no states

Question 20

Some studies of manualized therapy have found that therapists who demonstrate flexibility while using a manual

A) produce better client outcomes.
B) are more successful in getting clients engaged in therapy.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 21

Briefly summarize two advantages of evidence-based practice and two disadvantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 22

Psychologists in private practice have described managed care as

A) having a negative impact on their practices.
B) having a negative impact on the quality of therapy they provide.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 23

The first list of empirically supported treatments was published in _____.

A) 1905
B) 1935
C) 1965
D) 1995

Question 24

List two disadvantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 25

_____ is the use of technology,particularly the Internet,by clinical psychologists to provide professional services.

Question 26

Guidelines regarding the use of new technologies by clinical psychologists include which of the following?

A) Obtain informed consent from clients about the services they may receive, the technologies that may be used to provide them, and the confidentiality of the communication.
B) Ensure client confidentiality as much as possible by using encryption or similar methods.
C) Be knowledgeable about emergency resources in any community from which your clients may seek services.
D) all of the above

Question 27

_____ stated (incorrectly)that psychotherapy does not work.

Question 28

In 1952,_____ made the (now disproven)claim that there was no proof that psychotherapy was efficacious.

A) Dianne Chambless
B) Hans Eysenck
C) John Watson
D) Lightner Witmer

Question 29

List two applications of technology in clinical psychology.

Question 30

List two advantages of evidence-based practice.

Question 31

Briefly summarize two arguments for prescription privileges for clinical psychologists and two arguments against prescription privileges for clinical psychologists.

Question 32

Define evidence-based practice.

Question 33

In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges?

A) Missouri and Illinois
B) New York and California
C) Oregon and Nevada
D) Louisiana and New Mexico

Question 34

When psychotherapy outcome researchers seek clients on whom to conduct psychotherapy in a study,they typically seek clients who

A) are "textbook cases" of the diagnosis the therapy intends to treat.
B) are simultaneously taking medication for their psychological problems.
C) have advanced knowledge about psychological disorders.
D) have previous experience as "test subjects" in clinical research.

Question 35

According to Cummings (2007),_____% of prescriptions written for psychoactive medications come from primary-care physicians.

A) under 10
B) 30
C) 50
D) over 80

Question 36

The first list of empirically validated treatments was published in _____.

Question 37

Unlike the other 48 states,New Mexico and Louisiana grant _____ to appropriately trained psychologists.

Question 38

How can the way a client pays (out of pocket vs.managed care/health insurance)influence diagnosis?