Deck 14: Behavioral Psychotherapy

Question 1

_____ is most closely associated with classical conditioning,while _____ is most closely associated with operant conditioning.

A) Thorndike; Skinner
B) Watson; Pavlov
C) Pavlov; Skinner
D) Thorndike; Watson

Answer 1

Pavlov; Skinner

Question 2

According to behavioral therapists,

A) client behaviors are symptoms of an underlying problem.
B) client behaviors are the problem.
C) phobias are behavioral manifestations of a disturbance in the unconscious.
D) none of the above

Answer 2

client behaviors are the problem.

Question 3

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is/are primarily based on classical (rather than operant)conditioning?

A) exposure therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Edward Lee Thorndike's law of effect provides the theoretical basis for _____.

A) operant conditioning
B) classical conditioning
C) graded exposure
D) none of the above

Question 5

The primary goal of behavioral psychotherapy is

A) to make the unconscious conscious.
B) self-actualization.
C) observable behavior change.
D) an increase in logical, rational thought.

Question 6

Which of the following behavioral psychotherapy techniques is/are primarily based on operant (rather than classical)conditioning?

A) exposure therapy
B) systematic desensitization
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 7

B.F.Skinner is most closely associated with _____.

A) motivational interviewing
B) interpersonal therapy
C) classical conditioning
D) operant conditioning

Question 8

_____,a treatment for phobias and other anxiety disorders,involves re-pairing a feared object with a new response that is incompatible with anxiety.

A) Exposure plus response prevention
B) Behavioral consultation
C) Systematic desensitization
D) Contingency management

Question 9

The creation of an anxiety hierarchy is a core feature of _____.

A) token economies
B) exposure therapy
C) contingency management
D) all of the above

Question 10

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy,behavioral psychotherapy

A) emphasizes empiricism.
B) defines problems in terms of observable behaviors.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 11

In the early 1900s,_____ argued that the classical conditioning lessons learned from Ivan Pavlov's experiments with dogs should apply to humans also.

A) Carl Rogers
B) Sigmund Freud
C) John Watson
D) Donald Meichenbaum

Question 12

Which of the following places the steps of the scientific method in correct order?

A) develop hypotheses, test the hypotheses, observe a phenomenon, observe the outcome of the tests, revise the hypotheses
B) observe a phenomenon, develop hypotheses, test the hypotheses, observe the outcome of the tests, revise the hypotheses
C) observe a phenomenon, develop hypotheses, revise the hypotheses, test the hypotheses, observe the outcome of the tests
D) test the hypotheses, observe the outcome of the tests, observe a phenomenon, develop hypotheses, revise the hypotheses

Question 13

Thorndike's law of effect states that

A) actions followed by loud noises are more likely to occur.
B) repetition of actions followed by electrical shock can be most accurately predicted in the future.
C) actions followed by pleasurable consequences are more likely to occur, and actions followed by unpleasant consequences are less likely to occur.
D) none of the above

Question 14

Ivan Pavlov

A) was a physiologist originally studying the digestive systems of dogs.
B) conducted research that laid the groundwork for classical conditioning.
C) found that dogs would salivate in response to a stimulus that had previously been paired with food.
D) all of the above

Question 15

For the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder,_____ is a form of therapy that has received substantial empirical support.

A) exposure plus response prevention
B) motivational interviewing
C) behavioral consultation
D) humanistic psychotherapy

Question 16

Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy,behavioral psychotherapy

A) emphasizes inferential, introspective methods of measuring change within the mind of the client.
B) employs testable hypotheses and observable, measurable outcome measures.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 17

_____ is typically present in systematic desensitization but typically absent from exposure therapy.

A) Relaxation training
B) Exposure to anxiety-producing stimuli
C) Reflection
D) Creation of an anxiety hierarchy

Question 18

The career of Ivan Pavlov is most closely associated with _____ psychotherapy.

A) humanistic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 19

In exposure therapy,the client can be exposed to _____ versions of things or situations that cause anxiety.

A) real-life
B) imaginal
C) all of the above
D) none of the above

Question 20

Although they have been used for a variety of clinical issues,exposure therapy and systematic desensitization have been used primarily for the treatment of _____.

A) eating disorders
B) anxiety disorders
C) personality disorders
D) schizophrenia

Question 21

In the case of Pavlov's dogs,the food was a(n)_____ stimulus,and the sound of the bell was a(n)_____ stimulus.

Question 22

The goal of _____ is to increase the frequency of behaviors that are positively reinforcing to the client.

A) cognitive therapy
B) aversion therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) behavioral activation

Question 23

"If you change the consequences of a behavior,the behavior will change." This statement summarizes the rationale behind _____.

A) contingency management
B) exposure therapy
C) systematic desensitization
D) all of the above

Question 24

What is the goal of behavioral psychotherapy?

Question 25

Parent training is an indirect intervention based on the principles of _____ psychotherapy.

A) behavioral
B) psychodynamic
C) humanistic
D) cognitive

Question 26

_____ is a specific application of classical conditioning that targets patients' social anxieties; it may help a patient insist on appropriate service at a restaurant or ask someone out on a date.

A) Relaxation training
B) Exposure plus response prevention
C) Assertiveness training
D) Contingency management

Question 27

According to the behavioral approach,_____ essentially means "getting something good," and _____ essentially means "losing something good."

A) reinforcement; punishment
B) positive reinforcement; negative punishment
C) positive reinforcement; positive punishment
D) negative reinforcement; negative punishment

Question 28

The removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of a behavior is known as _____.

A) extinction
B) behavioral adaptation
C) flooding
D) assertiveness training

Question 29

What is a main difference between exposure therapy and systematic desensitization?

Question 30

Teacher training is an indirect intervention based on the principles of _____ psychotherapy.

A) psychodynamic
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) humanistic

Question 31

If a kindergarten teacher gives students a sticker each time they are good,takes a sticker away each time they are bad,and allows students to trade in a certain number of stickers for a prize,she is likely using what operant conditioning technique?

Question 32

Exposure therapy and systematic desensitization are examples of _____ conditioning.

Question 33

_____ refers to the removal of an expected reinforcement that results in a decrease in the frequency of the behavior.

Question 34

When behavioral activation begins,an important question for the clinical psychologist to ask the client is,

A) "Are there things that you are not doing now that you typically do when you are not depressed?"
B) "Is there another way of interpreting the events that have happened to you?"
C) "If the feared event happens, so what?"
D) "What are your beliefs about the fact that you have been diagnosed with depression?"

Question 35

The form of behavioral therapy that involves clients learning from the experiences of others,rather than their own experiences,is _____.

A) exposure therapy
B) assertiveness training
C) observational learning
D) flooding

Question 36

What form of behavioral consultation helps parents with the problematic behaviors of their children?

Question 37

_____ is defined as any consequence that makes a behavior less likely to occur in the future.

A) Reinforcement
B) Exposure
C) Implosion
D) none of the above

Question 38

What are the five stages of behavioral consultation?

Question 39

Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that

A) the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.
B) depressed people think illogically.
C) the brains of depressed people are chemically imbalanced.
D) depressed people lack social skills.

Question 40

Who is the creator of the law of effect?

Question 41

Briefly define both generalization and discrimination as understood by behavioral therapists.Also,explain how each could alter the development of a phobia related to a traumatic incident in an elevator.

Question 42

Briefly explain how behavior therapists conduct parent training.

Question 43

Briefly explain the extinction burst.

Question 44

Describe the process of exposure therapy.What psychological problem is it usually used to treat? Include key elements or techniques used in this type of therapy.