Deck 4: Alfred Adler: Individual Psychology

Question 1

An early defector from Freud's psychoanalytic circle was

A) Charcot.
B) Maslow.
C) Adler.
D) Breuer.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

In Adler's view,fictional finalism

A) is responsible for most social inequality.
B) guides our behavior as we strive to become complete.
C) is learned behavior.
D) is found in only a very few superior persons.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Striving for superiority,which Adler called the fundamental fact of life,is the

A) attempt to be better than anyone else.
B) restless human need to eliminate even the slightest imperfections.
C) unfortunate human tendency toward extreme competitiveness.
D) innate drive toward wholeness and completion.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

For Adler,inferiority

A) is rooted in sexuality.
B) is a function of the environment.
C) primarily starts in adolescence.
D) is an instinct.

Question 5

Adler attempted to explain a person's need to move forward in life as

A) genetics.
B) past experiences.
C) finalism.
D) biological forces.

Question 6

According to Adler,personality is determined by

A) past experiences.
B) the environment.
C) genetic factors.
D) the creative power of the self.

Question 7

For Adler,if a person believes that people are basically good then

A) a person will create unrealistic expectations of their environment.
B) this becomes reality for a person.
C) a person will be concerned with instinctual satisfaction.
D) this will reside in the collective unconscious.

Question 8

Adler placed greater emphasis on

A) the consciousness.
B) minimizing sex than Freud.
C) the uniqueness of the individual.
D) All of the answers

Question 9

The style of life is not firmly crystallized until

A) the age of four or five.
B) adolescence.
C) middle age.
D) old age.

Question 10

The relationship between Adler and Freud

A) remained close all their lives.
B) was antagonistic right from the beginning.
C) began when Adler was psychoanalyzed by Freud.
D) ended in bitterness.

Question 11

In Adler's view,inferiority feelings are

A) exhibited in adulthood, not childhood.
B) genetically determined.
C) found in infancy.
D) the result of overbearing parents.

Question 12

Adler concluded that with compensation,

A) a person is sexually defective.
B) a person develops a deep need for nurturing .
C) defective parts or organs of the body shape personality.
D) a person demonstrates a shameful lack of courage.

Question 13

Overcompensating for inferiority feelings can lead to a(n)

A) inferiority complex.
B) superiority complex.
C) organic inferiority.
D) creative self.

Question 14

Adler's childhood is a good example of

A) inferiority feelings.
B) the Oedipus complex.
C) the carefree nature of the first five years.
D) anal conflicts.

Question 15

Trying to achieve perfection is what Adler meant by

A) striving for superiority.
B) compensation.
C) the masculine protest.
D) self-will.

Question 16

Demosthenes stuttered and Theodore Roosevelt was sickly - two good examples of

A) famous but inferior leaders.
B) a depressive complex.
C) overcoming organic inferiority.
D) a superiority complex.

Question 17

Alfred Adler named his approach to personality ____ psychology.

A) individual
B) analytical
C) psychoanalytic
D) social

Question 18

All of the following are possible causes of an inferiority complex except

A) organic inferiority.
B) spoiling a child.
C) being gifted, athletically.
D) neglecting a child.

Question 19

The most obvious link between Adler's childhood and his theory is

A) warmth and optimism.
B) wealth and security.
C) illness and sibling rivalry.
D) rationality and clear thinking.

Question 20

All motivation to strive and succeed comes from

A) attempts to compensate for inferiorities.
B) the attempt to resolve sexual conflicts.
C) organic inferiorities.
D) the superiority complex.

Question 21

Adler used all of the following terms as equivalents for style of life except

A) personality.
B) individuality.
C) character.
D) organ inferiority.

Question 22

Each of the following is one of Adler's four basic styles of life except

A) dominant type.
B) getting type.
C) hurting type.
D) avoiding type.

Question 23

According to Adler,the individual must

A) get along with others.
B) be dominant to achieve.
C) be independent of others.
D) strive for superiority.

Question 24

Alcoholics and drug addicts are typical of the ____ style of life.

A) avoiding
B) dependent
C) getting
D) dominant

Question 25

Adler's concept of birth order was based on

A) his own experience.
B) ideas he learned from Freud.
C) what he learned from Jung.
D) his belief in the importance of biological factors in personality.

Question 26

A person interested in order and authority is likely to be a(n)

A) first-born.
B) only child.
C) last-born.
D) second-born.

Question 27

Adler used the term "social interest" to indicate a

A) hostility to the needs of society.
B) fun-loving aspect of human nature.
C) community feeling.
D) unique style of life of the upper classes.

Question 28

The child most likely to develop at a remarkably fast rate is the

A) only child.
B) first-born.
C) youngest child.
D) second-born.

Question 29

Birth order dictates that the ____ child will experience a sense of dethronement.

A) first-born
B) second-born
C) youngest or last-born
D) only

Question 30

Once our style of life has been created,it will

A) remain relatively constant throughout life.
B) guide behavior only through adolescence.
C) replace the goal of superiority.
D) fall under the domination of the instincts.

Question 31

In the ____ style of life,one escapes failure by not facing life's problems.

A) avoiding
B) getting
C) dominant
D) socially useful

Question 32

Adler's explanation of the force that holds society together is his concept of

A) perfectionism.
B) social interest.
C) the superego.
D) compensation.

Question 33

The child most likely to mature early and manifest adult behaviors is the

A) only child.
B) first-born.
C) youngest child.
D) second-born.

Question 34

Adler did not develop his concept of social interest until after

A) the birth of his first child.
B) the end of World War II.
C) he broke with Freud.
D) his older brother died.

Question 35

A first-born may react to the dethronement caused by the arrival of the second-born by

A) developing a behavior problem.
B) hating the new baby.
C) becoming insecure and hostile.
D) all of the answers

Question 36

The most common style of life is the

A) getting type.
B) avoiding type.
C) dependent type.
D) dominant type.

Question 37

In Adler's view,a mother's influence

A) is responsible for striving for perfection.
B) is negligible because the child is guided more by the future than the past.
C) can lead to the development of the Oedipus complex.
D) can foster or thwart the development of social interest.

Question 38

Adler proposed the concept of social interest to define

A) compensation.
B) style of life.
C) innate potential to cooperate with others to achieve personal and societal goals.
D) a dominant or ruling attitude.

Question 39

Adler's image of human nature is

A) optimistic.
B) pessimistic.
C) neutral.
D) despairing.

Question 40

A person who is competitive and ambitious is likely to be a(n)

A) second-born.
B) first-born.
C) only child.
D) youngest child.

Question 41

Early memories of adult criminals dealt with

A) disturbing or aggressive interactions with other people.
B) envy of rich people.
C) feelings of social deprivation.
D) striving for material goods.

Question 42

According to Adler,therapy

A) is all about abnormal behavior.
B) reveals a stubborn and negative personality.
C) reveals an overdeveloped sense of social interest.
D) is like a chat between two friends.

Question 43

Adler believed that dreams fulfill

A) conscious desires.
B) our psychotic compulsions.
C) wishes or reveal hidden conflicts.
D) our daily conflicts.

Question 44

Adler's approach to his patients was

A) more relaxed and informal than Freud's.
B) more formal than Freud's.
C) identical to Freud's.
D) like that of master and pupil.

Question 45

According to Adler,first-borns are

A) concerned with power and achievement.
B) primarily of the getting type.
C) less anxious than other children in stressful situations.
D) low in achievement than other children.

Question 46

Adler's own early recollections reveal his

A) feelings of inferiority.
B) preference for his mother instead of his father.
C) fear of other people.
D) sexual longings.

Question 47

Adler's primary research method was the

A) Style of Life Inventory.
B) word-association test.
C) case study.
D) IQ test.

Question 48

On the Social Interest Index,women who scored high in social interest were also significantly higher in

A) superiority feelings.
B) overall life satisfaction.
C) social conflicts.
D) dominant behaviors.

Question 49

In attempting to assess the gates of mental life,Adler used the technique(s)of

A) dream analysis.
B) birth order.
C) early recollections.
D) all of the answers.

Question 50

Adler used all of the following methods of assessment except

A) birth order.
B) early recollections.
C) dream analysis.
D) personality tests.

Question 51

Research has shown that children who are neglected by their parents score high on the ____ scale of the MMPI.

A) paranoia
B) social introversion
C) depression
D) hysteria

Question 52

Persons who reach high levels of intellectual achievement in school tend to be

A) high in social interest.
B) first-borns.
C) second-borns.
D) characterized by a superiority complex.

Question 53

Research on second-borns shows they are

A) higher than first-borns in self-esteem.
B) no more competitive or ambitious than first-borns.
C) less easy-going than first-borns.
D) more affected by inferiority feelings.

Question 54

First-borns tend to be ____ than later-borns.

A) higher in IQ
B) more dependent on other people
C) more obedient
D) all of the answers

Question 55

Adler believed that early recollections can be clues to a person's

A) complexes.
B) adult feelings of inferiority.
C) style of life.
D) social interest.

Question 56

Last-borns tend to be more ____ than first-borns and second-borns.

A) popular
B) intelligent
C) depressed
D) dependent on others

Question 57

Research has been conducted on Adler's ideas about

A) dreams.
B) social interest.
C) birth order.
D) all of the answers

Question 58

Early memories of depressed persons are concerned with

A) abandonment.
B) fear.
C) illness.
D) threatening events.

Question 59

Adler believed that personality tests are

A) artificial and ambiguous.
B) useful in revealing unconscious desires.
C) an excellent way to diagnose psychological types.
D) useful in psychotherapy.

Question 60

Only-born adults may be

A) lower in self-esteem than adults reared with siblings.
B) more selfish than adults reared with siblings.
C) more cooperative than adults reared with siblings.
D) all of the answers.

Question 61

Adler's influence can be seen in the work of

A) Erich Fromm.
B) Abraham Maslow.
C) Karen Horney.
D) all of the answers.

Question 62

To Adler,the unconscious,not the conscious,was at the core of personality.

Question 63

All of the following are criticisms of Adler's system except which?

A) It is overly simple.
B) It relies too much on commonsense observations.
C) The existence of the collective unconscious cannot be proved.
D) Adler was unsystematic in his thinking.

Question 64

Research with only children found that they had higher levels of ____ than children with siblings.

A) intelligence
B) achievement
C) aspiration
D) all of these

Question 65

Adler preferred the terms "objective goals" or "unguided self-discovery" for the concept of fictional finalism as it is know today.

Question 66

The youngest child has an inferiority complex and therefore often develops at a slower rate than their older siblings.

Question 67

Adler's thinking and theory have been criticized as

A) inconsistent and unsystematic, with many gaps and unanswered questions.
B) rigid and exclusive, requiring total allegiance or complete rejection.
C) too complicated for any but specialists to understand.
D) so close to Freud that no significant differences are apparent.

Question 68

Adler is considered a forerunner of

A) behavior therapy.
B) social psychology and group therapy.
C) drug therapy.
D) shock therapy.

Question 69

Inferiority feelings are always present as a motivating force in behavior,according to Adler.

Question 70

Adler's image of a person is pessimistic and driven by conscious forces.

Question 71

Adler believed that neurotics,perverts,and criminals were often first-born.

Question 72

The concept of social interest is defined as the individual's innate potential to cooperate with other people to achieve personal and societal goals.

Question 73

The first-born child is likely to experience difficulties when they find that in areas of life outside the home,such as school,they are not the center of attention.

Question 74

Adler believed the only child has not learned to share or to compete.

Question 75

Second-borns do not suffer the sense of dethronement felt by first-borns when another child is added to the family.

Question 76

Adler believed the father's role was vital in developing the child's social interest as well as other aspects of the personality.

Question 77

Adler described his notion of the superiority complex as an exaggerated opinion of one's abilities and accomplishments.

Question 78

Adler believed the best way for a person to lead his life was through isolation in the stage of adulthood.

Question 79

Adler disagreed with Freud about the value of dreams.Adler believed that dreams fulfill wishes or reveal hidden conflicts.

Question 80

According to Adler,everything we do is shaped and defined by our unique style of life.