Deck 4: Crime and Violence

Question 1

Men are more likely than women are to commit violent crime.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Although males are more likely to be the perpetrators of crime in general, females are more likely to be the victims of those crimes.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The accuracy of official statistics is largely dependent on the willingness of victims to report their victimization experience.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Historically, crime rates in Canada have generally increased from east to west, with Nova Scotia and Alberta providing exceptions to this general trend.

Question 5

Prostitution is illegal in Canada.

Question 6

Non-industrialized countries usually have higher crime rates than non-industrialized nations.

Question 7

Recent "get tough on crime" legislation would be a good example of deterrence initiatives.

Question 8

The fact that there is a smaller percentage of young people in the Canadian population today has led to a decrease in crime statistics.

Question 9

Police-based victim assistance programs are very rare in Canada.

Question 10

Aboriginal women tend to be overrepresented in Canadian prisons more than are Aboriginal men.

Question 11

Acquaintance rape is the most likely type of rape to be reported to the police.

Question 12

According to victimization surveys, domestic abuse and sexual assault are the crimes most likely to be reported to the police.

Question 13

According to 2008 Canadian statistics, 16-17 is the peak age for committing violent and property offences.

Question 14

Theft is a good example of a conventional crime.

Question 15

Crime is ubiquitous. That is, there is no country where crime does not exist.

Question 16

Every country in the world practises some form of capital punishment.

Question 17

In 2001, Manitoba had the lowest crime rate of the four western provinces in Canada.

Question 18

The Canadian Criminal Code distinguishes three types of sexual assault that are based on the specific sexual acts engaged in by the offender.

Question 19

In most cases of sexual assault, the victim knows the offender.

Question 20

Systematic national police statistics have been collected in Canada since 1920.

Question 21

Canada lacks a national DNA databank.

Question 22

Which of the following statements describes self-report offender surveys?

A) They ask if the crime was premeditated
B) They ask offenders about their criminal behaviour.
C) They ask crime victims if they reported the crime.
D) They ask police why they arrested certain individuals.

Question 23

How often are Canadian UCR (Uniform Crime Reporting) statistics collected?

A) daily
B) weekly
C) monthly
D) yearly

Question 24

Under the Young Offenders Act, Canada had a record of youth custody that ranked among the lowest in the industrialized world.

Question 25

The United States has a much lower murder rate than Western European nations that do not practise capital punishment.

Question 26

In Canada, the Anti-Terrorism Act stipulates that it is a criminal offence, punishable by a maximum penalty of 10 years' imprisonment, to belong to a terrorist organization.

Question 27

Canada's incarceration rate is one of the lowest in the world.

Question 28

In Canada, a DNA warrant can be issued during criminal investigations for a list of designated offences, and DNA samples can be taken and stored.

Question 29

How is the amount of crime in various countries of the world usually expressed?

A) raw numbers
B) victimization complaints to the police
C) percentages
D) rates

Question 30

Where do the data in the Uniform Crime Reporting Survey (UCR) come from?

A) victimization surveys
B) police departments
C) self-report offender surveys
D) Statistics Canada

Question 31

Which of the following reveals that virtually every adult has engaged in some type of criminal activity?

A) official crime statistics
B) victimization surveys
C) self-report offender surveys
D) Statistics Canada data

Question 32

Comparative research statistics from 2001 show that the U.S. homicide rate is how many more times higher than Canada's?

A) 2 times
B) 3 times
C) 6 times
D) 10 times

Question 33

Which type of crime is likely to be captured in self-report offender surveys?

A) homicide
B) minor crime
C) theft
D) spousal abuse

Question 34

What question do victimization surveys ask people?

A) whether they have engaged in criminal behaviour
B) whether they have witnessed criminal behaviour
C) whether they have been victims of crime
D) whether they have reported criminal behaviour

Question 35

According to a 2002 survey, what percentage of Canadians reported a victimization experience during that year?

A) 35 percent
B) 40 percent
C) 50 percent
D) 55 percent

Question 36

According to Merton's strain theory of crime, which of the following is a culturally defined goal?

A) health
B) spiritual enlightenment
C) love and acceptance in a social group
D) money

Question 37

Restorative justice is most likely to be found in non-Aboriginal communities.

Question 38

Which country has the highest reported crime rate in the world according to 2001 data?

A) the United States
B) Germany
C) Gibraltar
D) Brazil

Question 39

What was the first modern police force to collect information about crime?

A) the FBI
B) the RCMP
C) Scotland Yard
D) Interpol

Question 40

In which year did Statistics Canada carry out the first national victimization survey in Canada?

A) 1966
B) 1972
C) 1988
D) 1996

Question 41

What is another term for "conventional crime"?

A) white-collar crime
B) transnational crime
C) street crime
D) routine activities

Question 42

Which of the following would be considered a "conventional crime"?

A) espionage
B) armed robbery
C) corporate crime
D) treason

Question 43

According to conflict theory, those in power define what is criminal and what is not. What do these definitions reflect?

A) the moral standards of society
B) the interests of the ruling class
C) the interests of future generations
D) the interest of the police

Question 44

Which of the following does the term "secondary deviance" refer to?

A) deviant behaviour that is committed by adults and not youths
B) deviant behaviour that most members of society view as immoral and unacceptable
C) deviant behaviour that occurs only in industrialized societies
D) deviant behaviour that results from being caught and labelled as an offender

Question 45

Which of the following theories postulates that law enforcement is applied differentially, penalizing those without power and benefiting those with power?

A) strain theory
B) social bond theory
C) subcultural theory
D) conflict theory

Question 46

Research cited in the textbook found that (a) a good marriage contributes to the cessation of a criminal career and (b) local community ties decrease the probability of crimes occurring. Which of the following theories of crime do these findings support?

A) control theory
B) subcultural theory
C) strain theory
D) conflict theory

Question 47

Which of the following theories emphasizes the role of Hirschi's concept of the social bond?

A) conflict
B) subcultural
C) strain
D) control

Question 48

According to Merton, which of the following categories do most people fall into?

A) ritualists
B) innovators
C) conformists
D) retreatists

Question 49

According to Sutherland's differential association theory of crime, which of the following do individuals learn?

A) values and attitudes associated with crime
B) techniques for adjusting to prison life
C) how to respond to police questioning
D) post-prison skills

Question 50

What is the least common violent crime in Canada?

A) homicide
B) level 3 assault
C) level 3 sexual assault
D) armed robbery

Question 51

What theory attempts to explain why people conform to our laws?

A) strain theory
B) control theory
C) subcultural theory
D) labelling theory

Question 52

According to labelling theory, which of the following statements applies to primary deviance?

A) It is deviant behaviour learned from one's parents or significant others.
B) It is deviant behaviour almost all members of a society consider deviant.
C) It is deviant behaviour committed before a person is caught and labelled.
D) It is deviant behaviour committed by virtually every member of society.

Question 53

According to Merton's strain theory, which mode of adaptation is most associated with drug/alcohol abuse?

A) innovation
B) ritualism
C) retreatism
D) rebellion

Question 54

According to Merton's strain theory, which mode of adaptation is most associated with criminal behaviour?

A) innovation
B) ritualism
C) conformity
D) rebellion

Question 55

What type of crime does labelling theory NOT explain very well?

A) primary deviance
B) secondary deviance
C) acquaintance rape
D) white-collar crime

Question 56

Which of the following do subcultural theories of crime use to explain criminal activity?

A) crime-promoting attitudes and values of groups
B) social inequality between "haves" and "have-nots"
C) family disruption
D) low educational attainment

Question 57

Which theory of crime suggests that children who see their parents benefit from crime, or who live in high-crime neighbourhoods where success is associated with illegal behaviour, are more likely to engage in criminal behaviour?

A) control theory
B) differential association theory
C) strain theory
D) restorative justice theory

Question 58

Which theoretical perspective is the source of labelling theory?

A) symbolic interactionism
B) structural-functionalism
C) Marxist conflict
D) non-Marxist conflict

Question 59

Which of the following is best explained by Merton's strain theory?

A) domestic violence
B) white-collar crime
C) higher crime rates during election years
D) crime committed by undereducated and poor individuals

Question 60

According to conflict theory, which of the following has a positive correlation to the crime rate in a society?

A) wealth
B) industrialization
C) social bond
D) inequality

Question 61

Which of the following is a good example of a vice crime?

A) arson
B) prostitution
C) theft
D) carjacking

Question 62

Which term is often applied to using illegal drugs, communicating for the purposes of prostitution, and illegal gambling?

A) secondary deviance
B) victimless crimes
C) status offences
D) inchoate crimes

Question 63

For both homicide and other violent crime, which of the following groups is the most likely to offend?

A) males aged 16 to 34 years old
B) males aged 35 to 54 years old
C) females aged 16 to 34 years old
D) females aged 35 to 54 years old

Question 64

Which of the following is considered corporate violence?

A) an employee murdering an employer or another employee
B) the production of unsafe consumer products
C) workplace harassment
D) insider trading

Question 65

According to Statistics Canada (2007), crime severity in Canada fell by what percentage over the past decade?

A) 20 percent
B) 25 percent
C) 30 percent
D) 35 percent

Question 66

The declining will and ability to prosecute corporate crime is the direct result of which of the following?

A) neo-conservative legislation
B) neo-liberal legislation
C) standard economic principles
D) poor government enforcement of laws

Question 67

Which of the following is considered a violent crime?

A) break and enter
B) fraud
C) robbery
D) drug trafficking

Question 68

What was the most frequently heard offence in adult criminal court in Canada in the 2006-2007 fiscal year?

A) break and enter
B) common assault
C) fraud
D) marijuana possession

Question 69

With regard to sexual and nonsexual assault, which of the following statements is true according to 2003 data?

A) the rates for both are increasing
B) the least serious are the most common
C) women are overrepresented as both perpetrators and victims
D) most victims never report these crimes to the police

Question 70

Historically and continuing into the present in Canada, which of the following homicide statistics is accurate?

A) about two-thirds of homicide victims have been women
B) 90 percent of those accused of homicide have been men
C) men and women are equally represented in homicide statistics
D) more women are committing homicide

Question 71

Which of the following are included in the term "corporate crime"?

A) conventional crime and occupational crime
B) vice crime and organized crime
C) organized crime and victimless crime
D) index crime and occupational crime

Question 72

Classic rape is defined as a sexual assault usually committed by which of the following?

A) a family member
B) an acquaintance
C) a co-worker
D) a stranger

Question 73

When female offenders commit acts of theft, what far more common offence are the thefts often connected with?

A) mischief
B) prostitution
C) robbery
D) arson

Question 74

Which of the following is a criterion for defining aggravated assault?

A) a weapon is used
B) robbery is also a motive
C) a victim is wounded, maimed, or disfigured
D) there is a lack of provocation

Question 75

Which of the following is considered to be a victimless crime?

A) prostitution
B) arson
C) cruelty to an animal
D) acquaintance rape

Question 76

What type of crime includes the following four categories: crimes against consumers, crimes against employees, crimes against employers, and crimes against the public?

A) index crime
B) vice crime
C) victimless crime
D) corporate crime

Question 77

What other term is commonly used to refer to vice crimes?

A) classic crimes
B) violent crimes
C) conventional crimes
D) victimless crimes

Question 78

Deceptive advertising is a good example of which type of crime?

A) street crime
B) organized crime
C) corporate crime
D) inchoate crime

Question 79

An unauthorized computer intrusion is often referred to as what type of crime?

A) churning
B) identity theft
C) phishing
D) hacking

Question 80

Which of the following is part of organized crime?

A) coercion for illegitimate profit
B) vandalism
C) treason
D) espionage