Deck 9: Sexualities

Question 1

Anti-essentialist work observes that nothing is guaranteed by the body, most particularly by the sex, of a person. Instead, our social and cultural contexts shape who we are.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Although homosexuality was removed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV in 1974, some conservative, often fundamentalist Christian organizations in the United States still claim to be able to "cure" homosexuality.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Gender identity and gender expression are essentially interchangeable terms.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

A study of undergraduates attending a Canadian university found that attitudes toward gay men were more positive than attitudes toward lesbians.

Question 5

Reparative therapy attempts to convert gays back to a heterosexual lifestyle.

Question 6

Conflict theorists see the GLBT community as one that is in a power struggle with heterosexuals.

Question 7

Many queer theorists and activists question the wisdom of spending effort on legal recognition of gay marriage; they argue that it may be more practical simply to reject marriage rights.

Question 8

In general, countries throughout the world are moving toward increased legal protection of sexual-orientation minorities.

Question 9

Scientists have identified a "homosexuality gene" that causes same-sex sexual attraction in humans.

Question 10

Many researchers now believe that the development of one's sexual orientation is most likely entirely environmental.

Question 11

The Canadian constitution prohibits discrimination based on sexual orientation.

Question 12

Heterosexism often lays the foundation for discrimination against the GLBT population.

Question 13

The Canadian Psychiatric Association, the Canadian Psychological Association, and the Canadian Medical Association all agree that sexual orientation cannot be changed, and that efforts to change sexual orientation do not work and may, in fact, be harmful.

Question 14

Most sociological theories attempt to explain the origins or cause of sexual orientation.

Question 15

The world's first fully legal same-sex civil marriages took place in Norway in 1999.

Question 16

The most prominent contributors to the sociological application of queer theory to the understanding of sexualities are Michel Foucault and Judith Butler.

Question 17

According to Herek (1990), heterosexism is the dominant belief in contemporary society.

Question 18

Sociological theories do not explain societal reactions to sexual orientation, but help explain the origin or "cause" of sexual orientation.

Question 19

More than half of the Fortune 500 companies have included sexual orientation in their nondiscrimination policies.

Question 20

One's sexual orientation often becomes their master status.

Question 21

Worldwide, most cases of HIV and AIDS are attributed to heterosexual transmission.

Question 22

According to the 2001 Canadian census, female same-sex couples are more likely to have children living with them than male same-sex couples.

Question 23

Research suggests that individuals with traditional gender role attitudes tend to have more positive views toward homosexuality.

Question 24

Concerns about the transmission of HIV and AIDS often contribute to homosexual prejudices and discrimination.

Question 25

Student groups have been active in the gay liberation movement since the 1990s.

Question 26

In 1995, an Ontario provincial judge ruled that gay and lesbian couples have the right to apply to adopt a child under the province's Child and Family Services Act.

Question 27

Lesbians have a lower risk for sexually transmitted HIV than heterosexual women.

Question 28

In Canada, the rates of HIV and AIDS are higher among gay and bisexual men than among other groups.

Question 29

People living in rural areas are likely to be much more tolerant of gays and lesbians.

Question 30

Individuals who are biphobic often believe that bisexuals are actually homosexuals who are afraid to acknowledge their real identity.

Question 31

Between 1993 and 2005, five Liberal members of parliament identified themselves as gay, lesbian, or bisexual.

Question 32

Most of the efforts to change policies and attitudes regarding sexual-orientation minorities have been spearheaded by politicians.

Question 33

Hate crime legislation currently only covers crimes against racial and ethnic groups and not gays and lesbians.

Question 34

In recent years, the percentage of Canadians who express approval of equal employment rights for homosexuals has increased.

Question 35

Bisexuals are, by definition, non-monogamous.

Question 36

According to the textbook, most people who view homosexuality as unacceptable object on religious grounds.

Question 37

According to Bricker and Greenspon (2001), heterosexuals find it acceptable for gays to work in certain professions and not others.

Question 38

In 1992, legislation in Nova Scotia revised the definition of "spouse" to include both opposite-sex and same-sex couples who have lived together in a conjugal relationship for at least one year.

Question 39

The Quakers are a religious group that teaches that AIDS is God's punishment for homosexuality.

Question 40

Homosexuality is essentially viewed as unacceptable by all North American religions.

Question 41

The term "sexual orientation" refers to the classification of individuals as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual. Which of the following is this classification based on?

A) their emotional and sexual attractions
B) their choice of recreational activities
C) their choice of employment
D) their parenting preferences

Question 42

In 2001, which of the following countries executed a lesbian couple for "exercising unnatural behaviour"?

A) Brazil
B) Fiji
C) Somalia
D) Portugal

Question 43

Which of the following are included in the term "transgendered"?

A) cross-dressers
B) heterosexuals
C) tomboys
D) people who are bi-curious

Question 44

What did the research of Hamer et al. (1993) do?

A) It resulted in the identification of a specific "homosexuality" gene.
B) It claimed to have found statistical evidence for the existence of a "gay gene."
C) It claimed that sexual orientation could be changed through drug therapy.
D) It concluded that sexual orientation was purely a genetic matter.

Question 45

The term "lesbigay" refers to which of the following?

A) individuals who are uncertain of their sexual orientation
B) heterosexuals who have many gay, lesbian, and bisexual friends
C) "effeminate" males and "masculine" females
D) lesbians, gays, and bisexuals

Question 46

In 1996, which country became the first country in the world to include a clause in its constitution banning discrimination based on sexual orientation?

A) the United States
B) France
C) South Africa
D) Greece

Question 47

Which perspective sees sexual relations as "deviant" when they do not fulfil the family institution's main function of producing and rearing children?

A) conflict
B) structural-functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist

Question 48

Which of the following describes transgendered individuals?

A) persons who are males and act like females or vice versa
B) persons whose behaviour is not congruent with the expectations for their sex
C) persons who have gender identity issues
D) persons who struggle with gender role expectations

Question 49

In which year was a referendum on the issue of gay marriage part of the federal election in the United States?

A) 1996
B) 2000
C) 2004
D) 2006

Question 50

Which of the following countries have constitutions that ban discrimination based on sexual orientation?

A) Canada
B) the United States
C) Brazil
D) New Zealand

Question 51

In Canada, which of the following groups has the highest rates of HIV and AIDS?

A) lesbians
B) heterosexual men
C) gay and bisexual men
D) heterosexual women

Question 52

Research on reparative therapy seems to suggest which of the following?

A) men are more likely to be converted to heterosexuality
B) women are more likely to be converted to heterosexuality
C) both sexes have an equal chance of being converted to heterosexuality
D) sexual orientation cannot be changed

Question 53

Identifying oneself as masculine or feminine relates to which of the following terms?

A) bisexuality
B) gender expression
C) homogamy
D) sexual orientation

Question 54

Which of the following terms is often used to refer collectively to gays, lesbians, transgendered individuals, and bisexuals?

A) GBTL
B) GLBT
C) BGLT
D) TGIF

Question 55

Reparative therapy is also known as which of the following?

A) diversification therapy
B) sex change surgery
C) conversation therapy
D) gender therapy

Question 56

The world's first legal same-sex marriage occurred on April 1, 2001. In which of the following countries did it take place?

A) Italy
B) the Netherlands
C) Spain
D) Norway

Question 57

Which of the following refers to the classification of individuals as heterosexual, bisexual, or homosexual based on their emotional and sexual attractions, relationships, self-identity, and lifestyle?

A) gender
B) sex
C) sexual orientation
D) transgender

Question 58

In early research on sexual behaviour, which of the following did Kinsey (1953) find?

A) Very few people had same-sex sexual experiences.
B) A substantial proportion of respondents had same-sex sexual experiences.
C) The overwhelming majority of respondents reported having at least one same-sex sexual experience.
D) Most respondents were reluctant to discuss the topic.

Question 59

According to the textbook, in some countries individuals found guilty of engaging in same-sex sexual behaviour may receive the death penalty. How many countries?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 25

Question 60

Following a review of family, twin, and adoptee studies, Pillard and Bailey (1998) came to a conclusion as to how much of the variance in sexual orientation is accounted for by genes. How much of the variance does genes account for?

A) all
B) 10 percent at most
C) at least half
D) about a third

Question 61

Biphobia can best be described as which of the following?

A) a negative attitude toward bisexuals
B) a negative attitude toward people who are bipolar
C) an intense fear of the GLBT population
D) a negative attitude toward heterosexuals

Question 62

Which of the following does homophobia refer to?

A) negative attitudes toward men
B) negative attitudes toward marriage
C) negative attitudes toward homosexuals
D) negative attitudes toward leaving home

Question 63

Which two Canadian political parties have consistently voted in favour of gay equality in recent years?

A) the Liberals and the Reform Party
B) the Liberals and the NDP
C) the NDP and the Bloc Quebecois
D) the NDP and the Alliance Party

Question 64

According to the textbook, which category of people is least likely to have anti-gay attitudes?

A) people who are 60 years old
B) people who have a graduate degree
C) people who live in a rural area
D) people who work in a factory

Question 65

Which of the following is a good example of a master status?

A) heterosexual
B) former teacher
C) homosexual
D) avid reader

Question 66

Which of the following was identified as a reason for the worldwide rise in liberalized national policies on same-sex relations?

A) the further expansion of capitalist governments
B) increasing gender equality
C) politicians who are themselves openly gay
D) the feminist movement

Question 67

According to Grosz (1995), members of which of the following groups are likely to have biphobia?

A) accountants
B) gay men
C) members of the clergy
D) criminals who are incarcerated

Question 68

In which year was homosexuality removed from the American Psychiatric Association (APA) official list of mental disorders?

A) 1963
B) 1973
C) 1983
D) 1993

Question 69

According to research conducted in Calgary, how likely were gay and bisexual males to have made a serious suicide attempt at some point in their lives, compared to their heterosexually oriented counterparts?

A) one-quarter as likely
B) half as likely
C) twice as likely
D) more than 14 times more likely

Question 70

Which perspective refuses to consider simplistic biological explanations for complex social relations, motivations, behaviours, and identifications?

A) constructionalist
B) conflict
C) queer theory
D) anti-essentialism

Question 71

Which of the following theoristis do studies on sexuality that are diverse as a result of highly variable concerns that arise in the attempt to understand sexuality?

A) conflict theorists
B) symbolic interactionists
C) structural-functionalists
D) feminists

Question 72

Which type of theorists emphasizes the importance of monogamous heterosexual relationships for the reproduction, nurturance, and socialization of children?

A) conflict
B) structural-functionalist
C) symbolic interactionist
D) social control

Question 73

What is the approximate ratio of heterosexual to homosexual child molesters?

A) 1 to 1
B) 2 to 1
C) 5 to 1
D) 11 to 1

Question 74

An individual who views relationships between members of the opposite sex as the norm and judges others who are different is probably guilty of which of the following?

A) homosexism
B) heterosexism
C) homophobia
D) homoeroticism

Question 75

Victims of gay bashings are most likely to be which of the following?

A) openly gay men
B) openly lesbian women
C) people who are perceived to be gay
D) teenage boys

Question 76

In which year did the American Psychiatric Association stop referring to homosexuality as a mental disorder?

A) 1953
B) 1963
C) 1973
D) 1983

Question 77

Which type of theorists argue that the antagonisms between heterosexuals and non-heterosexuals represent a basic division in society between those with power and those without power?

A) structural-functionalist
B) conflict
C) symbolic interactionist
D) social control

Question 78

Which of the following perspectives sees the meanings we associate with same-sex relations as being learned from society-from family, peers, religion, and the media?

A) symbolic interactionist
B) structural-functionalist
C) conflict
D) social control

Question 79

Which of the following best describes homophobia?

A) a term used to refer to negative attitudes and emotions toward homosexuality .
B) It is always a clinical phobia.
C) It is something found in men and it usually results in violence toward gays.
D) It is an attitude that usually diminishes post-adolescence.

Question 80

In which year did the federal government pass a law that made gay marriage legal across all of Canada?

A) 1975
B) 1985
C) 1995
D) 2005