Deck 9: Development

Question 1

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Which of the following regions has life expectancy that is comparable to developed regions?

A) Latin America
B) Sub-Saharan Africa
C) South Asia
D) Southeast Asia
E) Southwest Asia

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Figure 9.4.5, Health Care Expenditures per Capita
Looking at Figure 9.4.5, which of the following regions spends more money on health care per capita?

A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Southwest Asia
E) Latin America

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
The United Nations measures the average income in countries through a complex index called:

A) Gross domestic product
B) Annual gross national income per capita at purchasing power parity
C) Gross national income at HDI
D) Annual gross national product at average income
E) Development index at purchasing power parity

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The UN's Human Development Index (HDI) takes into account three factors. These are:

A) A decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life
B) Crude birth rates, crude death rates and the percentage of women in the workforce
C) Life expectancy, percentage of population under 15 and the availability of clean drinking water
D) Doctor/patient ratio, infant mortality rates and good governance
E) Absence of corruption, developed infrastructure and national debt as a ratio of GDP

Question 5

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Globally, what percentage of GNI do developing countries spend on health care?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 8
D) 12
E) 20

Question 6

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
This is the value of the output of goods and services produced in a country in a year, including money. that leaves and enters the country

A) Gross Domestic Product
B) Purchasing Power Parity
C) Gross National Income
D) Human Development Index
E) Gross Empowerment Product

Question 7

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Looking at Figure 9.1.1, which of the following countries has the highest HDI?

A) India
B) China
C) Russia
D) Spain
E) Brazil

Question 8

According to the textbook, one-fifth of the world living in the developed world consumes ________ of the world's goods.

A) five-sixths
B) three-quarters
C) two-thirds
D) one-half
E) one-third

Question 9

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
The United Nations considers ________ to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.

A) years of schooling
B) the quality of instruction
C) the income of the family
D) the quality of a government
E) the availability of jobs

Question 10

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Which of the following is true today of the developed world?

A) Developed countries are hard-pressed to maintain their current levels of public assistance
B) In the last two years, most developed countries have increased their social safety nets
C) In the past, slow economic growth did not permit rich countries to finance generous programs
D) In recent years economic growth has increased, whereas the percentage of people needing public assistance has decreased
E) None of the above is true

Question 11

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Looking at Figure 9.1.1, which of the following countries has the highest HDI?

A) India
B) China
C) Saudi Arabia
D) South Africa
E) Madagascar

Question 12

Figure 9.4.5, Health Care Expenditures per Capita
The United Nations measurement of a country's gender inequality is the country's ________.

A) Gender Bias Quotient (GBQ)
B) Gender Empowerment Parity (GEP)
C) Gender Inequality Index (GII)
D) Gender Equality Coefficient (GEC)
E) Gender Measuring Measure (GMM)

Question 13

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
In manufacturing, the ________ is the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

A) purchasing power
B) value added
C) impact factor
D) productivity
E) profit index quotient

Question 14

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
In the developing world, East Asia and Latin America have some of the highest literacy at ________ percent.

A) 90
B) 80
C) 70
D) 60
E) 50

Question 15

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Which of the following regions has the world's highest per capita income?

A) North America
B) East Asia
C) The Middle East
D) Western Europe
E) Russia

Question 16

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
In which of the following categories of jobs does manufacturing fall?

A) primary
B) secondary
C) tertiary
D) quadutiary
E) special

Question 17

Figure 9.1.1, HDI
Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia have some of the world's literacy rates averaging ________ percent.

A) below 40
B) below 50
C) below 60
D) below 70
E) below 20

Question 18

According to the textbook, Africans comprise about 14 percent of the world's population, but only consume ________ percent of the world's goods.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 5
D) 8
E) 10

Question 19

Which of the following is true of a country with its Inequality-adjusted HDI (IHDI) lower than the HDI?

A) The country has a well-balanced approach to development
B) More women than men have advanced degrees
C) Only a few people have higher incomes and access to good health care
D) Democracy is very well entrenched in the country
E) The military is in control of the country

Question 20

Figure 9.4.5, Health Care Expenditures per Capita
On average, developed countries spend about $________ annually per capita on health care.

A) 25,000
B) 18,000
C) 14,000
D) 8,000
E) 4,000

Question 21

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
Which of the following is an accurate description of the labor force participation rate?

A) The percentage of the population unemployed and underemployed
B) The percentage of college graduates employed in the field of their degree
C) The percentage of employed in any given year
D) The percent of women holding full-time jobs outside the home
E) The likelihood of a high school graduate getting a job within 2 years of graduation

Question 22

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
Maternal mortality ratio is the number of women who die giving birth per ________ births

A) 1000
B) 10,000
C) 100,000
D) 1,000,000
E) none of the answer choices are correct.

Question 23

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
Which of the following is not one of the UN's Millennium Development Goals?

A) End poverty and hunger
B) Achieve universal primary (elementary school) education
C) Promote gender equality and empower women
D) Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases
E) End wars between countries over resources

Question 24

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
Looking at Figure 9.5.6, which of the following countries has the highest adolescent fertility rates?

A) Mexico
B) Morocco
C) China
D) Australia
E) Sweden

Question 25

To promote the international trade development model, most countries have joined the ________.

A) International Monetary Fund (IMF)
B) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
C) World Trade Organization (WTO).
D) The United Nations (UN)
E) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)

Question 26

Which of the following is true of the international trade approach to development?

A) A country can develop by concentrating scarce resources on expansion of its distinctive local industries
B) Belonging to international organizations is the overriding principle for the country
C) Good governance is considered the principal mode of operation
D) Businesses pay no taxes so they can export to bring in foreign exchange
E) Businesses are not allowed to locate in some areas, in order to allow those areas to allow those areas to provide labor for industries

Question 27

Which of the following countries has not joined the WTO?

A) Russia
B) China
C) United States
D) Canada
E) Germany

Question 28

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
________ is trade that protects small businesses and workers.

A) Free trade
B) Fair trade
C) Equal trade
D) Sustainable trade
E) Humane trade

Question 29

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
This region has the world's highest percentage of people living in poverty and suffering from poor health and low education levels.

A) Sub-Saharan Africa
B) East Asia
C) South Asia
D) Southeast Asia
E) Latin America

Question 30

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
According to Figure 9.8.4, which of the following countries has the highest debt as a percentage of GNI?

A) U.S.
B) Canada
C) Russia
D) China
E) Australia

Question 31

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
Which of the following regions has seen the most improvements in its HDI since 1980?

A) East Asia
B) South Asia
C) Southeast Asia
D) Sub Sahara Africa
E) Latin America

Question 32

Which of the following countries has become the center for the manufacturing of automobiles and other consumer goods in Southeast Asia?

A) Malaysia
B) Thailand
C) Myanmar
D) Vietnam
E) Hong Kong

Question 33

Which of the following is one of the main criticisms against the WTO?

A) That it infringes on the sovereignty of countries
B) That it is too big
C) That it favors the East over the West
D) That it gives too much power to small countries
E) That decisions take too long to be delivered

Question 34

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
Created by the UN in 1980, this is an indicator of the level of development for each country. It combines income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

A) Human Development Index (HDI)
B) Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM)
C) Gini Coefficient (GC)
D) Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)
E) Development Level Indicator (DLI)

Question 35

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
With the world's second largest economy, behind only the United States, this country accounts for a third of total world economic growth.

A) Japan
B) Germany
C) Russia
D) China
E) Canada

Question 36

The U.S. government allocates approximately ________ percent of its GNI to foreign aid.

A) 12
B) 7
C) 2
D) 1
E) 0.2

Question 37

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
In the self-sufficiency approach to development, countries do all but which of the following?

A) impose tariffs
B) spread investment as equally as possible across all sectors of a country''s economy and in all regions
C) restrict imports
D) give precedence to reducing poverty over encouraging a few people to become wealthy consumers
E) do not allow businesses to open in certain parts of the country to increase economies of scale

Question 38

Figure 9.8.4, Debt as Percent of GNI
During the 1950s people lived on average more than two decades longer in developed countries than in developing ones. In the twenty-first century, the gap is ________.

A) less than 5 years
B) less than 10 years
C) less than 15 years
D) still the same
E) increased to 30 years

Question 39

Figure 9.5.6, Births per 1,000 aged 15-19
Looking at Figure 9.5.6, which of the following countries has the lowest adolescent fertility rates?

A) Canada
B) United States
C) Russia
D) South Africa
E) Brazil

Question 40

Which of the following two organizations were conceived to promote development after World War II and to avoid a repetition of the disastrous economic policies that contributed to the Great Depression?

A) The IMF and the World Bank
B) The UN and the WTO
C) The WTO and the World Bank
D) The UN and the World Bank
E) WHO and the WTO

Question 41

Developing countries have a higher share of primary and secondary sector workers and a smaller share of tertiary sector workers than developed countries.

Question 42

East Asia has one of the lowest adolescent pregnancy rates in the world today.

Question 43

The UN's HDI considers development to be a function of three factors: a decent standard of living, access to knowledge, and a long and healthy life.

Question 44

The literacy rate is the percentage of a country's people who can read up the grade 12 level and and write meaningful letters.

Question 45

According to the graphs in the textbook, globally, South Asia has the lowest telephone and Internet penetration of any region.

Question 46

The United Nations considers years of schooling to be the most critical measure of the ability of an individual to gain access to knowledge needed for development.

Question 47

Developed countries spend just over $2,000 per person annually on health care, compared to approximately $1600 per person in developing countries.

Question 48

To measure the level of development of every country, the UN created the Poverty Incline Index (PII).

Question 49

In dividing a country's GNI by its total population, we are able to measure the contribution made by the average individual towards generating the country's wealth in a year.

Question 50

Expected years of schooling is generally defined as the number of years that an average 5 year old child is expected to spend with his or her education in the future.

Question 51

Globally, Russia has the highest rate of measles immunization.

Question 52

Variation in life expectancy among developed regions is especially wide; life expectancy is only in the low sixties in Europe Africa, but is as high as high eighties in Japan and Canada.

Question 53

Among developing regions, the literacy rate exceeds 90 percent in East Asia and Latin America, but is less than 70 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.

Question 54

According to the UN, Russia's HDI is less than half of that of the U.S.

Question 55

Purchasing power parity is an adjustment most often made to the GDP to account for differences among countries in the cost of goods, the inherent cost of corruption and the vitality of local industries.

Question 56

It is assumed that no matter how poor a school is, the longer the pupils attend, the more likely they are to learn something.

Question 57

According to the UN, a country where only a few people have high incomes, college degrees, and good health care would have a lower IHDI than a country where differences in income, level of education, and access to health care are minimal.

Question 58

It is estimated that more than one-fourth of children lack measles immunization in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa.

Question 59

Latin America has the world's poorest score under the UN's Gender Inequality Index.

Question 60

In most developed countries, health care is a private service that is available to those who can afford it.

Question 61

The Gender Inequality Index in East Asia is comparable to that of developed regions.

Question 62

For fear of perpetuating bad habits, international finance organizations require poor countries to undergo structural adjustment as a condition for debt relief.

Question 63

Now the world's second largest economy, behind only the United States, China accounts for a third of total world economic growth, and GNI per capita has risen faster there than in any other country.

Question 64

Compare and contrast the economic structures of developed and developing countries.

Question 65

What is the World Trade Organization and what are some of the criticisms against it?

Question 66

What is human development index and how does it differ from inequality-adjusted HDI?

Question 67

What are the ways in which national incomes are measured?

Question 68

What is fair trade and what does it hope to achieve?

Question 69

There are two sets of standards that distinguish fair trade. These are fair trade labelling organizations International (FLO) and standards applied to workers on farms and in factories.

Question 70

To promote development, poor countries typically follow one of two models. Briefly describe them.

Question 71

Criticism against the WTO has largely come from the right, who charge that the WTO is antidemocratic, because decisions are made behind closed doors in the interest of large corporations rather than the poor.

Question 72

In Rostow's 5 stage state development model, the drive to maturity is seen as the last and most crucial stage for any country.

Question 73

The U.S. government gives about 2.2 percent of its GNI to foreign aid and European countries average a good bit more, approximately 5.5 percent.

Question 74

South Asia is the region with the world's highest percentage of people living in poverty and suffering from poor health and low educational levels.

Question 75

How is access to knowledge or education important to development?

Question 76

What is structural adjustment program and what are some of the criticisms against it?

Question 77

Investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country is known as foreign direct investment (FDI). World FDI has largely remained flat at $7 trillion since 1990.

Question 78

What is Gender Inequality Index and how is it measured?

Question 79

For most of the twentieth century, the international trade model was the more popular of the development alternatives.

Question 80

Discuss the role of access to health care in development.