Deck 12: Services and Settlements

Question 1

In the U.S.,manufacturing centers are generally clustered mostly in the

A) old northeastern manufacturing belt.
B) deep South.
C) the Midwest.
D) along the Mississippi River.
E) along the Mississippi Delta.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

World cities are most closely integrated into the global economic system because they are

A) at the center of the flow of information and capital.
B) control the flow of labor and technology.
C) contribute money to local, regional and national candidates for elective officers.
D) at the heart of the supply chain and make sure goods move freely.
E) integral to the functioning of democracy.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Geographers typically predict market share of stores through the so-called ________.

A) analog method
B) central place theory
C) threshold rule
D) range analysis
E) rank-size rule

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The two components of central place theory are

A) range and rank-size rule.
B) rank-size rule and threshold.
C) threshold and market share.
D) market share and range.
E) range and threshold.

Question 5

________ explains how services are distributed and why a regular pattern of settlements exists,at least in developed countries such as the United States.

A) The von Thünen model
B) The Concentric model
C) Central place theory
D) The sector model
E) The distance tolerance model

Question 6

Geographers use ________ to represent market areas because of their geometric properties compared with those of circles and squares.

A) octagons
B) hexagons
C) pentagons
D) triangles
E) heptagon

Question 7

Geographers apply ________ to create market area studies that assist service providers with opening and expanding their facilities.

A) rank-size rule
B) range
C) central place theory
D) primate city rule
E) range of service rule

Question 8

About ________ percent of all U.S.jobs are in the public sector,________ percent of public school employees were excluded from the total and counted instead under education (consumer)services.

A) 45;30
B) 25;13
C) 16;9
D) 10;7
E) 8;4

Question 9

The ________is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

A) range
B) threshold
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 10

Using the rank-size rule,a country's fourth largest city is expected to be about a ________ of the size of the largest city.

A) half
B) two-thirds
C) one-third
D) one quarter
E) one-sixteenth

Question 11

In the U.S.,the financial sector provides about ________ percent of all jobs.

A) 6
B) 14
C) 23
D) 30
E) 42

Question 12

Services generate more than ________ of GDP in most developed countries,compared to less than ________ in most developing countries.

A) two-thirds;half
B) three-quarters;two-thirds
C) three quarters;half
D) half;two-thirds
E) two-thirds;three-quarters

Question 13

The ________ is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

A) threshold
B) range
C) distance
D) hierarchy
E) law of equidistance

Question 14

This helps to explain the distribution of settlements of varying sizes in North Dakota.Larger settlements are fewer and farther apart,whereas smaller settlements are more frequent and closer together.

A) rank-size rule
B) range
C) central place theory
D) primate city rule
E) range of service rule

Question 15

Generally,global cities are divided into

A) categories, called forward leaning, stagnant and backward leaning cities.
B) two level, called primate and non primate cities.
C) three levels, called alpha, beta, and gamma.
D) four levels, called alpha, beta, gamma and delta.
E) none of the above.

Question 16

Generally,if the settlement hierarchy does not graph as a straight line,then the society does not have

A) an urbanized enough population.
B) a rank-size distribution of settlements.
C) enough cities for the people to have a good standard of living.
D) any problems with crime and homelessness.
E) a migration problem.

Question 17

According to the primate city rule,the largest settlement has

A) about the same size as the second ranking settlement.
B) slightly more people than the second ranking settlement.
C) more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.
D) about three times the population of the second ranking settlement.
E) about four times the population of the second ranking settlement.

Question 18

An activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it is known as

A) a favor.
B) a transaction.
C) a service.
D) an activity.
E) a kickback.

Question 19

Which of the following is most relevant to the concept of threshold?

A) A department store has more than 50 employees.
B) A survey reveals that people are prepared to drive a 30 minutes to get to a department store.
C) A department store typically needs roughly 25,000 people living within a 15-minute radius.
D) A department store only carries female products.
E) A drugstore has a loyalty card that is extremely generous.

Question 20

The ________ predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

A) gravity model
B) central place theory
C) rank-size rule
D) threshold rule
E) range predictor

Question 21

Figure 12.7.1: Economic Base of U.S. Cities
According to Figure 12.7.1,in which of the following regions are you most likely to find manufacturing of durable goods in the U.S.?

A) Southern California
B) The Midwest
C) The Northwest
D) The Southeast
E) The Great Lakes region

Question 22

Attracting talented individuals is important for a city because these individuals are

A) those who make the city famous.
B) responsible for promoting economic innovation.
C) those who pay taxes.
D) those who run for political office.
E) responsible for the high-tech jobs created.

Question 23

According to Demographia,how many cities in the world today have a population of at least 20 million?

A) 4
B) 8
C) 10
D) 15
E) 20

Question 24

The percentage of people living in cities increased from 3 percent in 1800 to about ________ percent in 1950.

A) 90
B) 60
C) 40
D) 30
E) 15

Question 25

The ________ consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 26

A ________,characteristic of the contemporary North American rural landscape,is characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlement
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 27

Which of the following will a company in the U.S.not typically outsource to a developing country?

A) payroll management
B) processing insurance claims
C) transcription work
D) customer service phone banks
E) legal representation in the U.S.

Question 28

New York's population swelled with the arrival of millions of immigrants,especially during

A) the second world war.
B) the first world war.
C) the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
D) the late seventeenth and early nineteenth centuries.
E) the last 30 years.

Question 29

The world's population of urban settlements exceeded that of rural settlements for the first time in human history in ________.

A) 1990
B) 1995
C) 2000
D) 2004
E) 2008

Question 30

The concept of basic industries originally referred to ________.

A) manufacturing
B) trapping
C) mining
D) services like police and firefighters
E) banking

Question 31

________ feature buildings clustered along a road or body of water to facilitate communications.

A) Clustered rural settlements
B) Dispersed rural settlements
C) Clustered linear rural settlements
D) Clustered circular rural settlements
E) Main street settlements

Question 32

Originally called Byzantium,and now known as Istanbul,________ became the world's largest settlement after the decline of Rome,and remained the largest settlement for most of the next 1,000 years.

A) Baghdad
B) Tehran
C) Damascus
D) Constantinople
E) Mecca

Question 33

Permanent settlements existed prior to beginning of recorded history around ________ years ago.

A) 500
B) 1000
C) 2000
D) 4000
E) 5000

Question 34

Figure 12.7.1: Economic Base of U.S. Cities
According to Figure 12.7.1,in which of the following regions are you most likely to find manufacturing of nondurable goods in the U.S.?

A) Southern California
B) The Midwest
C) The Northwest
D) The Southeast
E) The Great Lakes region

Question 35

Which of the following cities has a population of less than 20 million?

A) Jakarta
B) Seoul
C) New York
D) Mexico City
E) Tokyo

Question 36

Which of the following do developing countries specialize in?

A) raw material production and high finance
B) offshore financial services and back office functions
C) high finance and transportation
D) transportation and manufacturing
E) medical tourism and banking

Question 37

A ________ is an agricultural based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other,with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

A) clustered rural settlement
B) dispersed rural settlement
C) clustered linear rural settlements
D) clustered circular rural settlement
E) main street settlement

Question 38

Until around 300 B.C.,the world's largest settlements were in ________.

A) Egypt and China
B) Mesopotamia and Egypt
C) Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley
D) The Indus Valley and the Yangste Valley
E) The Yangste Valley and Egypt

Question 39

________ are enterprises whose customers live in the same community,essentially,consumer services.

A) Basic industries
B) Nonbasic industries
C) Social services
D) Human services
E) Temporary services

Question 40

The Caymans have only ________ inhabitants,but there are ________ companies there,including several hundred banks and the world's four largest legal and accounting firms.

A) 300,000, 200,000
B) 220,000, 110,000
C) 120,000, 50,000
D) 60,000, 90,000
E) 40,000, 70,000

Question 41

In the global economy,developed countries specialize in two distinctive types of business services: offshore financial services and back-office functions.

Question 42

Every settlement provides consumer services to people in a surrounding area,but not every settlement of a given size has the same number and types of business services.

Question 43

According to the primate city rule,the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second ranking settlement.

Question 44

The range of a service is the minimum number of people needed to support the service.

Question 45

A central place is a market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area.

Question 46

Mexico follows the primate city distribution,where its largest city,Mexico City,is five times larger than its second largest city Guadalajara.

Question 47

In his original study,Walter Christaller showed that the distances between settlements in southern Germany followed an irregular pattern that is hard to predict.

Question 48

The first step in forecasting sales for a proposed new retail outlet is to define the market or trade area where the store would derive most of its sales.

Question 49

Headquarters of large corporations are clustered in world cities,and shares of these corporations are bought and sold on the stock exchanges located in world cities.

Question 50

According to market area analysis,range and threshold are the two least important factors in deciding on the probable profitability of a business.

Question 51

The gravity model predicts that the optimal location of a service is directly related to the number of people in the area and inversely related to the distance people must travel to access it.

Question 52

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted is its threshold.

Question 53

Companies incorporated in an offshore center tend to have tax-free status regardless of the nationality of the owners.

Question 54

The threshold of a service is the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service.

Question 55

Below the first tier of world cities are five other tiers of settlements according to type and extent of business services.

Question 56

Central place theory explains the distribution of services and why a regular pattern of settlements exist,at least in developed countries such as the United States.

Question 57

In the Caymans,it is a crime to discuss confidential business,defined as matters learned on the job,in public.

Question 58

The service sector of the economy is subdivided into four types;consumer services,business services,academic services and private services.

Question 59

Generally,small settlements provide services with large thresholds,ranges,and market areas whereas large settlements provide services with small thresholds,range and market areas.

Question 60

About a quarter of all jobs in the United States are in business services.

Question 61

Briefly discuss the range of a service.

Question 62

Briefly describe off-shore financial services.

Question 63

Generally,cities with high cultural diversity tend to have relatively high percentages of talented individuals.

Question 64

Developed countries have a higher percentage of urban residents,but developing countries have more of the very large urban settlements.

Question 65

Settlements in the United States can be classified by their type of basic activity.

Question 66

What are the characteristics of a clustered rural settlement?

Question 67

Basic industries are enterprises whose customers live in the same community.

Question 68

What is the market area of a service and why is that important?

Question 69

Briefly discuss clustered circular rural settlements.

Question 70

Compare the world's most populous cities to the most important business service centers.

Question 71

The clustered linear rural settlement consists of a central open space surrounded by structures.

Question 72

Ancient Memphis,in Egypt,may have been the first settlement to exceed 30,000 inhabitants around 5,000 years ago.

Question 73

A clustered rural settlement typically includes homes,barns,tool sheds,and other farm structures,plus consumer services,such as religious structures,schools,and shops.

Question 74

What is rank-size distribution of settlement and why is that important?

Question 75

The first permanent settlements may have been places for nomads to bury and honor their dead.

Question 76

The process by which the population of urban settlements grows is known as migration.

Question 77

Two-fifths of people live in urban settlements in developing countries,compared to about three-fourths in developed countries.

Question 78

Briefly discuss the three types of services.

Question 79

Compare and contrast the developing world and the developed world with regards to the percentage of people living in urban areas.

Question 80

How does the concept of threshold help a business to decide on the right location?