Deck 11: Motivating for High Performance

Question 1

The first step in the motivation process is:

A)Need
B)Behavior
C)Motive
D)Satisfaction of dissatisfaction

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Arshdeep is studying for his Principles of Management final when he asks himself,"Why am I even doing this?" This is a problem with which component of performance?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Resources
D)Skills

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What are the three parts of effort?

A)Initiation of effort,motivation of effort,direction of effort
B)Motivation of effort,direction of effort,process of effort
C)Initiation of effort,direction of effort,persistence of effort
D)Initiation of effort,persistence of effort,correction of effort

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past 5 years.As the business has grown,Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point he is working over 10 projects every quarter.Saad's supervisor,Vance,wants Saad to hire two assistant managers to aid Saad in managing projects;however,Saad feels that additional employees will make completing the projects more difficult.For Saad,which step of the motivational process is not working?

A)Need
B)Motive
C)Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction
D)Feedback

Question 5

Gerson has all the skills to be a great manager but he lacks the desire to be anything more than a regular employee.Which factor contributes the most to Gerson's low performance?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Resources
D)Behavior

Question 6

There is a special project division at Empire Consulting in which teams select which projects the teams wants to pursue rather than simply being assigned a project by the manager.At their monthly meeting,the team is trying to decide between whether to take on a project regarding infrastructure budgeting,or whether they should focus on employee performance levels company wide.Which part of motivational effort is primarily being assessed in the meeting?

A)Initiation of effort
B)Direction of effort
C)Persistence of effort
D)Effort is not being assessed in this meeting

Question 7

As a general rule,managers should expect that employees are comfortable doing____________.

A)their best
B)the minimum
C)what they want
D)the status quo

Question 8

Your ability is ___________________________.

A)What you are good at doing
B)What you like to do
C)What you decide to do
D)What you use to get things done

Question 9

Which of the following is not a major class of motivation theory?

A)Content motivation theories
B)Coaching theories
C)Process motivation theories
D)Reinforcement theories

Question 10

Sarah spends two hours a day for a week preparing for an exam.Her friend,Harshy,only prepares for three hours the night before the exam,and always has a grade at least 8 points higher.In which component of performance might Harshy be considered stronger than Sarah?

A)Motivation
B)Ability
C)Performance
D)Skills

Question 11

Hierarchy of Needs theory is one of the ______________.

A)Process motivation theories
B)Content motivation theories
C)Reinforcement theories
D)Individual ability theories

Question 12

___________________ propose that the consequences of their behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

A)Process motivation theories
B)Content motivation theories
C)Reinforcement theories
D)Individual ability theories

Question 13

____________________ focus on understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs.

A)Process motivation theories
B)Content motivation theories
C)Reinforcement theories
D)Individual ability theories

Question 14

The performance formula is _________________________________________.

A)Motivation + ability + resources
B)Effort x ability x resources
C)Motivation x ability x resources
D)Motivation x effort x talent

Question 15

Saad has been a manager at Revel Consulting for the past 5 years.As the business has grown,Saad has taken on more and more responsibilities and is now at the point he is working over 10 projects every quarter.Saad's supervisor,Vance,wants Saad to hire two assistant managers to aid Saad in managing projects;however,Saad feels that additional employees will make completing the projects more difficult.For Vance,which step of the motivational process is not working?

A)Need
B)Motive
C)Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction
D)Feedback

Question 16

The final step is the motivation process is _____________________.

A)Satisfaction
B)Consequence
C)Need
D)Feedback

Question 17

Managers' expectations of employees can impact the employees' motivation.This is called ______.

A)Motivation Theory
B)Self-fulfilling Prophecy
C)Performance Formula
D)Managers' expectations of employees does not impact their motivation

Question 18

Finnie has been working hard at his new job and really enjoys what he is doing.After being assigned to a new project,his enthusiasm for the work has increased.According to the Self-fulfilling prophecy,Finnie will ____________.

A)eventually suffer burnout
B)be promoted to manager
C)be successful on the new project
D)be disliked by his coworkers

Question 19

What does initiation of effort mean?

A)How much effort to exert
B)Where to put the effort
C)How long effort will persist
D)Team meeting deciding on the effort level

Question 20

Motivation is ______________.

A)The need to achieve organization objectives
B)The willingness to achieve organization objectives
C)The process of achieving organization objectives
D)The consequence of achieving organization objectives

Question 21

__________ refers to the value a person places on the outcome of a situation.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 22

Which theory proposes that motivating employees comes from their needs for achievement,power,and affiliation?

A)Hierarchy of Needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired Needs theory

Question 23

Who created the formula for the Expectancy theory?

A)B.F.Skinner
B)Lou Holtz
C)Victor Vroom
D)J.Stacy Adams

Question 24

__________ refers to the perception of the relationship between performance and the outcome.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 25

Due to increased competition,Caramel Industries where Yvone works has announced that they will be making a workforce reduction.Yvone recently bought a house and is worried that she will be part of the reduction.For Yvone,which element of the Hierarchy of Needs is not being met?

A)esteem
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)safety

Question 26

Which of the following is classified as a safety need,according to the Hierarchy of Needs theory?

A)Food
B)Shelter
C)Love
D)Insurance

Question 27

The __________ theory proposes that the consequences of one's behavior will motivate employees to behave in predetermined ways.

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)Goal-Setting theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 28

Which of the following is not one of the five needs in the Hierarchy of Needs theory of motivation?

A)Social needs
B)Safety needs
C)Nourishment needs
D)Esteem needs

Question 29

The __________ theory requires managers to clearly define objectives and the performance needed to achieve them.

A)Equity
B)Goal-Setting
C)Expectancy
D)Reinforcement

Question 30

Kale recently graduated with his MBA and was interviewing for jobs.Despite a good work history,Kale keeps being turned down for being overqualified.According to the Performance Theory,Kale's MBA should be considered a negative ___________.

A)ability
B)motivation
C)resource
D)talent

Question 31

Instrumentality is part of the _________ theory.

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)Goal-Setting theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 32

Roger wants to motivate his employees with rewards for the accomplishment of a task.Which theory is Roger applying?

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)Goal-Setting theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 33

Amy gives as much praise,rewards,and recognition to her employees as she possibly can when her employees are performing well.Which of the following theories is behind Amy's motivation?

A)Hierarchy of Needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired Needs theory

Question 34

After working at Caramel Industries for 10 years,Blair has decided to return to college to earn a Masters of Science in Management.For Blair,which element of the Hierarchy of Needs explains her decision?

A)esteem
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)safety

Question 35

Lance started a new position last year but is having trouble finding his rhythm.Though he likes his job and is doing well at it,he has yet to really fit in with his co-workers and is starting to exhibit withdrawal behaviors.For Lance,which element of the Hierarchy of Needs is proving problematic?

A)esteem
B)social
C)self-actualization
D)safety

Question 36

Jamal wants to hire employees who have a strong desire to achieve high levels of performance.Which of the following theories does Jamal agree mostly with?

A)Hierarchy of needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 37

____________ is a theory that proposes that employees are motivated when their perceived inputs equal outputs.

A)Equity theory
B)Reinforcement theory
C)Goal-Setting theory
D)Expectancy theory

Question 38

__________ refers to the person's perception of his or her ability to accomplish an objective.

A)Expectancy
B)Equity
C)Instrumentality
D)Valence

Question 39

Employees are motivated by motivators rather than by maintenance factors is the idea of which motivational theory?

A)Hierarchy of needs theory
B)ERG theory
C)Two-factor theory
D)Acquired needs theory

Question 40

Physiological and safety needs fall under which needs category of the ERG theory of motivation?

A)Existence
B)Relatedness
C)Growth
D)Experience

Question 41

Goal-setting theory proposes that ____________.

A)Achievable but difficult goals motivate employees
B)Achievable and easy goals motivate employees
C)Unrealistic goals motivate employees
D)Achievable but difficult goals increase ability levels

Question 42

Ratio schedule is when _______________.

A)Reinforcement is based on performance
B)Reinforcement is based on how many people need reinforcement
C)Reinforcement is based on time
D)Reinforcement is based on output

Question 43

The two schedules of reinforcement include __________.

A)continuous and spacious
B)continuous and interval
C)long term and flexible
D)continuous and intermittent

Question 44

When the reinforcement is based on the passage of time it is called _____________.
a.Chronological
b.Ratio
*c.Interval
d.Intermittent

Question 45

Process motivation theories focus on ___________.

A)Understanding how employees choose behaviors to contrast their needs
B)Understanding how employees choose behaviors to fulfill their needs
C)Understanding how employers choose behavior to match their organizational need
D)Understanding how employers choose behavior to contrast their organizational need

Question 46

Austin has just taken over as manager of On the Run Bail Bonds.As part of his plan for the organization,he wants to increase the revenue by 30% each month,which means the bounty hunters will each need to nab 5 additional bail jumpers every month.According to the Goal-Setting Theory,what will happen at On the Run Bail Bonds?

A)the bounty hunters will fail to meet the goal
B)the bounty hunters might fail to meet the goal but will be motivated to try
C)the bounty hunters will meet the goal
D)the bounty hunters will start hunting Austin

Question 47

Sally always drives with her seat belt on.She knows that if she does not wear it she will be pulled over,this is an example of _________________.

A)Positive reinforcement
B)Avoidance reinforcement
C)Punishment reinforcement
D)Extinction reinforcement

Question 48

Which of the following statements is true of punishment reinforcement?

A)Punishment reinforcement is only applicable when rules are broken
B)Punishment reduces targeted behavior without other side effects
C)Punishment decreases motivation
D)Punishment should be the first to address problems

Question 49

When is it important to reinforce performance?

A)Over long periods of time
B)When the goal is to control behavior
C)When using intermittent reinforcement to control behavior
D)When using positive reinforcement to control behavior

Question 50

Jim is a manager at a local retail store.Currently his employees receive pay checks weekly.Jim is thinking about changing this to bi weekly pay checks,and incorporating quarterly bonuses based on commission.If he proceeds,Jim would be making what kind of changes?

A)Continuing fixed interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule
B)Stopping fixed interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule
C)Continuing fixed interval schedule and starting variable ratio schedule
D)Stopping variable interval schedule and starting fixed ratio schedule

Question 51

How does positive reinforcement become extinction?

A)Positive reinforcement cannot become extinction
B)When a desirable action is not rewarded
C)When the reward loses its value
D)When a third party receives an unforeseen negative consequence

Question 52

Lavon is late for work.His company has a policy that says if a person is not late to work for 6 months they will receive 2 extra days of vacation at the end of the year.John's manager decides not to chastise him for his tardiness because he generally is on time.John feels so bad about being late that for the rest of the week he comes in early.Which reinforcement scenario is at play?

A)Positive reinforcement is failing and avoidance reinforcement is working
B)Positive reinforcement is working and avoidance reinforcement is failing
C)Positive reinforcement is failing and extinction reinforcement is working
D)Positive reinforcement is working and extinction reinforcement is failing

Question 53

Avoidance reinforcement can also be called?

A)Non repetitive reinforcement
B)Consequential reinforcement
C)Negative reinforcement
D)Positive reinforcement

Question 54

How many of the four types of reinforcement encourage desirable behavior?

A)One
B)Two
C)Three
D)Four

Question 55

Which of the following is true about continuous reinforcement?

A)It is the most practical option when wanting quick results
B)It occurs at the same interval,but not necessarily every time
C)It is the best option when one wants to sustain results
D)It is something that can usually be done in any situation

Question 56

Benjamin and Ellena have been partners on a project for the past two years.When that project was finally completed,the company earned a sizable profit and both Benjamin and Ellena were rewarded with a paid vacation for them and their families.When they returned,Ellena was offered the lead on a new project.According to the Equity Theory,Benjamin will ___________.

A)continue to do his work the best he can
B)sabotage Ellena
C)continue to work hard if he is also offered a lead
D)file a discrimination lawsuit

Question 57

Which of the four types of reinforcement tends to cause more problems for a manager?

A)Positive reinforcement
B)Avoidance reinforcement
C)Punishment reinforcement
D)Extinction reinforcement

Question 58

The four types of reinforcement include _______________.

A)Positive,negative,consistent,and inconsistent
B)Positive,negative,absolute,and extinction
C)Positive,avoidance,punishment,and extinction
D)Direct,avoidance,punishment,and extinction

Question 59

What are the two types of schedules that one can have with intermittent reinforcement?

A)interval and output
B)interval and ratio
C)ratio and output
D)fixed ratio and variable ratio

Question 60

When training employees,which form of reinforcement generally works best?

A)Positive
B)Avoidance
C)Punishment
D)Extinction

Question 61

Julietta has recently started a new position as an attorney at a busy immigration law firm.During her first few weeks,Julietta's senior partner sent her an email congratulating her on each person he helped achieve citizenship.Which type of reinforcement would best describe the email?

A)positive
B)negative
C)avoidance
D)extinction

Question 62

Miranda has been very pleased with her team's performance during the last quarter so she decides to throw them a luncheon of appreciation.During the luncheon,she gives a speech in which she praises the increase in sales and encourages each employee to keep doing what they are doing.Though her motives were pure,Miranda has violated all but which step of giving praise?

A)telling the employees exactly what was done correctly
B)telling the employees why the behavior was important
C)stopping for a moment of silence
D)encouraging repeat performance

Question 63

Collective societies include Japan,Mexico,Singapore,and Venezuela.

Question 64

Content motivation theories answer which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?

Question 65

Which county exhibits the most qualities of McClelland's Need for Achievement theory?

A)Norway
B)Sweden
C)United States
D)Greece

Question 66

After completing the Satisfaction Stage of the Motivational Process,one might go back to the _____ stage.

A)Motive
B)Need
C)Consequence
D)Behavior

Question 67

Setting clear and effective objectives is one of the guidelines for motivating employees using reinforcements?

Question 68

All the following are individualistic societies except ____________.

A)Singapore
B)Great Britain
C)Canada
D)Australia

Question 69

Which of the following is not a motivational incentive?

A)Stock options
B)Set work schedules
C)Pay for performance
D)Benefits

Question 70

The Equity theory proposes that achievable but difficult goals motivate employees.

Question 71

Austin has just taken over as manager of On the Run Bail Bonds.As part of his plan for the organization,he wants to increase the revenue by 30% each month,which means the bounty hunters will each need to nab 5 additional bail jumpers every month.According to the Expectancy Theory,what also needs to happen for the bounty hunters to increase their effort?

A)Austin needs to emphasize they will be fired if they do not meet the goal
B)Austin needs to emphasize they will be given a 5% commission on all nabs
C)Austin needs to emphasize they will be given a 5% bonus on the additional nabs after three
D)Austin needs to downplay the importance of the need to increase nabs

Question 72

Julietta has recently started a new position as an attorney at a busy immigration law firm.During her first few weeks,Julietta's senior partner sent her an email congratulating her on each person he helped achieve citizenship.One afternoon,after success with a client,Julietta did not receive an email from the senior partner.According to the idea of continuous enforcement,Julietta will ___________.

A)continue to take personal satisfaction in her work
B)reduce the amount of effort she puts in her work
C)increase the amount of effort she puts in her work
D)start to exhibit withdrawal behaviors

Question 73

Giving praise is a five step process that begins with telling the employee what they did correctly and ending with encouraging repeat performance.

Question 74

Process motivation theories answer which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?

Question 75

Khai is reprimanding her employee because of their recent actions.What motivation process and the motivation theories step is Khai on?

A)Step four
B)Step two
C)Step three
D)Step five

Question 76

After completing the Consequences Stage of the Motivational Process,one might go back to the _____ stage.

A)Motive
B)Satisfaction
C)Need
D)Behavior

Question 77

Reinforcement theory answers which question?

A)How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?
B)What needs do employees have that should be met on the job?
C)What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?
D)What can employees do to improve the company?

Question 78

With two-factor theory,maintenance needs are primarily met non-financially and motivators are met financially.

Question 79

When giving an employee praise,where should you start?

A)Encourage repeat performance
B)Tell the employee how the organization benefits from their behavior
C)Stop for a moment of silence
D)Tell the employee what they did right

Question 80

Austin has just taken over as manager of On the Run Bail Bonds.As part of his plan for the organization,he wants to increase the revenue by 30% each month,which means the bounty hunters will each need to nab 5 additional bail jumpers every month.According to the idea of rewards and recognition,what should Austin do to motivate employees?

A)offer a $100 reward every time a jumper is nabbed
B)offer a $1000 reward every month
C)offer rewards for nabbing jumpers on the run for over five years
D)offer rewards for nabbing jumpers on the run for three or four months