Deck 29: Clinical Virology

Question 1

What is another name for HHV-5?

A)Varicella-zoster
B)Cytomegalovirus
C)Herpes simplex
D)Epstein-Barr

Answer 1

B
Eight species of human herpesviruses (HHV) are currently known: herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1); herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2); varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as HHV-3; Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), also known as HHV-4; cytomegalovirus (CMV), also known as HHV-5; human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6); human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7), and human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), also known as Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus (KSHV).

Question 2

What are giant multinucleated cells formed from cell fusion as a result of viral infection?

A)Giant cells
B)Macrophages
C)Glial cells
D)Syncytia

Answer 2

D
The respiratory viruses may not produce characteristic cytopathic effect.Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can produce a classic syncytial formation in Hep2 cells or even in monkey kidney cells.Syncytia are giant multinucleated cells formed from cell fusion as a result of virus infection.

Question 3

When is the best time to collect a specimen for culture from a patient suspected of having a viral disease?

A)1 week after onset of symptoms
B)5 days after onset of symptoms
C)Less than 3 days after onset of symptoms
D)2 weeks after onset of symptoms

Answer 3

C
Viral shedding is usually greatest during the early stages of infection, so the best specimens are those collected as early as possible.The sensitivity of viral culture may decrease rapidly 3 days after onset of symptoms.

Question 4

Which of the following is the description of continuous cell cultures?

A)It is a culture where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and in which very little cell division occurs.
B)It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C)It often has variable numbers of chromosomes and can be subcultured indefinitely.
D)This describes the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 5

The genome of a virus is composed of:

A)single-stranded DNA.
B)RNA.
C)double-stranded DNA.
D)any of the above.

Question 6

Which of the following describes a diploid cell culture that is not a primary culture?

A)It is a culture where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and very little cell division occurs.
B)It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C)It often has variable numbers of chromosomes and can be subcultured indefinitely.
D)This describes the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 7

All the following are direct methods for diagnosing viral infections except:

A)indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA).
B)direct fluorescent antibody (DFA).
C)radioimmunoassay (RIA).
D)enzyme immunoassay (EIA).

Question 8

What is an unsuitable storage temperature for viruses because it allows the development of ice crystals?

A)4° C
B)-10° C
C)-20° C
D)-70° C

Question 9

All of the following are common problems associated with using serologic methods to diagnose viral infections except:

A)the host does not produce specific antibodies to viruses.
B)serologic assays measure host response rather than directly detecting the virus.
C)the antibody-producing capabilities of human hosts vary widely.
D)the antibody level does not correlate with the activity level of the infection.

Question 10

What is another name for HHV-3?

A)Varicella-zoster
B)Cytomegalovirus
C)Herpes simplex
D)Epstein-Barr

Question 11

All the following methods are used by the laboratory to diagnose viral infections except:

A)chemiluminescence.
B)direct detection.
C)culture.
D)serologic assays.

Question 12

What is another name for HHV-4?

A)Varicella-zoster
B)Cytomegalovirus
C)Herpes simplex
D)Epstein-Barr

Question 13

What is the composition of viral transport media?

A)Amies media with charcoal
B)Isotonic buffered saline with protein
C)Cary-Blair
D)Cooked meat broth

Question 14

Which of the following is the description of cytopathic effects in viral culture?

A)The way viruses kill the infected host cell
B)The visual changes produced in an infected cell by a virus
C)The tears that the virus puts in an infected host cell's membrane
D)The way the virus lyses the infected cell after all the new virus particles are formed and ready to be released.

Question 15

What type of genome do herpesviruses have?

A)ssDNA
B)ssRNA
C)dsDNA
D)Both dsDNA and ssRNA

Question 16

What requirements do viruses have for replication?

A)They must be inside a living cell.
B)They must be in an environment where all the necessary amino acids are present.
C)They can use a dead cell to replicate.
D)They need to be around dead, decaying flesh so that all the amino acids and enzymes are present.

Question 17

All of the following methods are used as culture techniques to detect viruses except:

A)cell culture.
B)animal inoculation.
C)embryonated eggs.
D)media culture.

Question 18

Which of the following is the best description of a primary cell culture?

A)It is a culture where tissue is removed from an animal, arranged in a monolayer, and in which very little cell division occurs.
B)It is a culture that can divide, but passage is limited to 50 generations.
C)It often has variable numbers of chromosomes and can be subcultured indefinitely.
D)This describes the only cells the specimen will be plated on.

Question 19

What is the correct sequence of viral infection, then destruction of a host cell?

A)Attachment, penetration, replication, cell lysis
B)Penetration, attachment, replication, cell lysis
C)Replication, penetration, attachment, cell lysis
D)Penetration, replication, attachment, cell lysis

Question 20

Adenoviruses produce all the following types of infections except:

A)acute hemorrhagic cystitis.
B)meningitis.
C)acute respiratory distress.
D)epidemic keratoconjunctivitis.

Question 21

What virus causes genital herpes?

A)Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)
B)Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
C)Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2 or HHV-2)
D)Human herpesvirus (HHV-5)

Question 22

What is the most common flavivirus infection in the United States?

A)West Nile virus
B)Eastern equine encephalitis virus
C)St.Louis encephalitis
D)Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Question 23

Which cancer is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)?

A)Hepatocellular carcinoma
B)Burkitt's lymphoma
C)Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
D)T-cell leukemia

Question 24

What virus is the major cause of the common cold?

A)Rotavirus
B)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C)Rhinovirus
D)Norovirus

Question 25

What virus is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children?

A)Rotavirus
B)Influenzae virus
C)Torovirus
D)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

Question 26

What is a prion?

A)A virion
B)A viroid
C)A proteinaceous infectious particle
D)A lipopolysaccharide infectious particle

Question 27

What virus causes the measles?

A)Mumps
B)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
C)Herpes virus 6
D)Rubeola virus

Question 28

All the following viruses cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) except:

A)Hantaan virus.
B)Seoul virus.
C)Dobrava virus.
D)calicivirus.

Question 29

What virus causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

A)Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
B)Hepatitis B virus (HBV)
C)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
D)Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Question 30

Which virus is a bloodborne pathogen?

A)Hepatitis A virus (HAV)
B)Rabies
C)Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
D)Norovirus

Question 31

What virus causes the Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome?

A)Sin Nombre virus
B)Dobrava virus
C)Junin
D)Lassa

Question 32

A symptomatic congenital infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) includes all the following symptoms except:

A)hepatosplenomegaly.
B)microcephaly.
C)chorioretinitis.
D)meningitis.

Question 33

What viral genus causes rabies?

A)Lyssavirus
B)Lassa virus
C)Marburg virus
D)Calicivirus

Question 34

Which was the first arenavirus found to cause hemorrhagic fever?

A)Ebola
B)Malta
C)Junin
D)Marburg

Question 35

What is the most common virus isolated from infants with lower respiratory infections and causes croup, bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and interstitial pneumonia?

A)Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
B)Lassa
C)Rotavirus
D)Norovirus

Question 36

Complications of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection include all the following except:

A)acute glomerulonephritis.
B)Reye's syndrome.
C)thrombocytopenia purpura with hemolytic anemia.
D)splenic hemorrhage and rupture.

Question 37

What type of cancer is associated with human papilloma virus (HPV)?

A)Lung
B)Ovarian
C)Skin
D)Cervical

Question 38

What disease does the varicella zoster virus (VZV) cause?

A)Mumps
B)Genital warts
C)Chickenpox
D)Rubella

Question 39

What infectious agent causes Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Kuru, and "mad cow" disease?

A)Prion
B)Bacteria
C)Virus
D)Parasite

Question 40

What virus is the most common cause of arboviral encephalitis in the world?

A)Ebola
B)Japanese encephalitis virus
C)Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
D)Eastern equine encephalitis virus