Deck 9: Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior

Question 1

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Moral reasoning

Answer 1

​h

Question 2

Fatigue or anything that causes ____________________ can cause children to lose control and act aggressively, defy rules, or behave inappropriately.

Answer 2

​discomfort; pain; irritation; fever; illness; sickness

Question 3

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Induction​

Answer 3

​l

Question 4

____________________ is one of the most predictable causes of misbehavior because the children are not occupied and engaged in an activity.

Question 5

Psychologist Mary Rothbart developed the Measurement of ____________________ in Infancy, which assesses activity level, soothability, fear, distress when faced with limitations, smiling and laughing, and length of time paying attention to single objects.

Question 6

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Moral development​

Question 7

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Demandingness​

Question 8

____________________ definitions of misbehavior focus on the effect a child's behavior has on the adult.

Question 9

Gleeful abandon and ____________________ contagion may cause a normally well-behaved child to behave inappropriately while playing with friends at a birthday party.

Question 10

All human beings need to feel a sense of ____________________, to feel wanted and needed.

Question 11

____________________ definitions of misbehavior focus on the ability level, motives, and long-term well-being of the child.

Question 12

It is ____________________ to expect a toddler to sit quietly and politely for an hour while the family waits to see the pediatrician.

Question 13

No matter how old or young, we all risk losing control when we hit a certain level of ____________________ and stress.

Question 14

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Morality​

Question 15

Sometimes, it seems like children really want to abide by our requests, but because of their ____________________ self-control, they are simply unable to.

Question 16

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Functional

Question 17

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Moral affect​

Question 18

When a child has ____________________ the standards of his or her adult role models, the child begins to experience the emotional component of morality, or moral affect.

Question 19

Under oppressive enough circumstances, even the most docile of us might be inclined to ____________________.

Question 20

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Dysfunctional

Question 21

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Responsibility orientation

Question 22

Which of the following is not true of children in Kohlberg's second stage of morality?

A)Children gradually develop self-control and learn how to get along with others.
B)Children's level is referred to as semiconventional morality.
C)Children focus on simplistic perceptions of "goodness" and "badness."
D)Attachment, love, and respect trigger the child's internalization of values.
E)Children desire to please others and try to follow rules of family and community.

Question 23

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Justice orientation​

Question 24

As four-year-olds gradually learn to monitor their own actions, they should be able to

A)decide whether or not tattling is ethical.
B)understand the true meaning of the Pledge of Allegiance.
C)recite standard rules of etiquette.
D)explain why hitting another child is wrong.
E)all of these

Question 25

Adult-centered definitions of misbehavior focus on the effect a child's behavior has on the child's development toward adulthood.

Question 26

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Misbehavior

Question 27

Positive child guidance focuses on the child's ability level, the severity and intent of the behavior, and possible reasons for the behavior.

Question 28

Removing a child from the scene of a conflict is useful because it allows a cooling-off period, removes temptation, and provides more privacy for resolving the problem.

Question 29

Which of the following is not true concerning Carol Gilligan's research?

A)The male approach to morality assumes that individuals have certain basic rights and that one must respect the rights of others, so morality imposes restrictions on what one can do.
B)Gilligan summarizes her perspective by saying that male morality assumes a morality orientation.
C)The female approach to morality assumes that people have responsibility toward others, so morality is an imperative to care for others.
D)In her view, the female approach to morality assumes a responsibility orientation.

Question 30

Adults can support the development of morality in young children by all of the following except

A)assuring that children feel doubt and shame when they misbehave.
B)taking time to listen to children, to understand and respond to their questions.
C)explaining why hurtful behaviors are wrong.
D)treating other adults with dignity and respect.
E)providing books, songs, and stories with examples of appropriate behavior.

Question 31

The word inappropriate suggests fault or blame.

Question 32

An adult relying on a child-centered definition of misbehavior will​

A)make decisions based on the time of day and the planned schedule.
B)focus on the effect a child's behavior has on the adult.
C)consider the opinions of others watching the misbehavior.
D)focus on the ability level, motives, and long-term well-being of the child.
E)all of these.

Question 33

Younger school-aged children are not mature enough to develop self-control, learn how to get along with others, or follow any of the accepted rules of their family and community.

Question 34

Dysfunctional behavior includes all of the following except

A)self-destructive behavior.
B)inappropriate behavior.
C)behavior not serving a positive function in the child's life.
D)using words to express frustration.
E)teasing.

Question 35

When children have accepted as their own the moral values of their adult role models, they begin to experience the emotional component of morality that is called

A)postconventional morality.
B)self-determination.
C)autonomy.
D)moral affect.
E)all of these.

Question 36

The term inappropriate behavior means that the child

A)is to blame for an embarrassing situation.
B)has behaved in a manner that is not desirable in a specific situation.
C)is angry and upset.
D)has behaved in a way that is silly and unexpected.
E)all of these.

Question 37

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Inappropriate behavior

Question 38

When children evidence a compulsive and chronic pattern of very inappropriate or self-destructive behavior, the behavior can be termed functional.

Question 39

Which of the following is not true of children in Kohlberg's first stage of morality?

A)Children have developed a sense of moral discrimination.
B)Children's level is referred to as preconventional morality.
C)Children perceive right and wrong in terms of what a behavior will get for them
D)Children need adults to patiently explain the reason a certain behavior is right and others are wrong.
E)Children wonder, "If I do this will I get what I want? Will I avoid what I don't want?"

Question 40

Functional behavior includes all of the following except

A)it helps get a child's needs met.
B)it serves some positive function in a child's activities.
C)actions such as throwing rocks at birds in a tree.
D)appropriate actions.

Question 41

When a child has internalized the standards of adult role models, he or she has moral affect.

Question 42

The moral development of children is the concern of parents only and should not be the business of teachers, schools, and communities.

Question 43

Moral development is the process by which human beings learn to monitor their own actions, decide whether a tempting behavior is "good" or "bad," and inhibit inappropriate impulses.

Question 44

List eight underlying causes of problem behavior.

Question 45

The stage is set for rebellion when a situation exists in which a child cannot live up to adult expectations.

Question 46

Describe three indications that a child may be overly stressed or frustrated by adult expectations.

Question 47

A child has achieved morality if he or she can distinguish right from wrong, even if the child is not yet able to act accordingly.

Question 48

Moral reasoning helps adults evaluate the appropriateness of children's behaviors.

Question 49

To increase children's positive behavior, adults should anticipate and remove potential causes of inappropriate behavior.

Question 50

Attachment, love, and respect for an adult hinder the child's internalization of that adult's values.

Question 51

When children evidence a compulsive and chronic pattern of very inappropriate or self-destructive behavior, the behavior can be termed dysfunctional.

Question 52

Explain the difference between adult-centered perceptions of misbehavior and child-centered perceptions of inappropriate behavior.

Question 53

Moral reasoning is the thinking that guides children in deciding what is right or wrong.

Question 54

Children internalize the character attributes and ethical standards of the important role models in their lives.

Question 55

Child-centered definitions of misbehavior focus on the ability level, motives, and long-term well-being of the child in evaluating the appropriateness or inappropriateness of actions.

Question 56

The symptoms of stress can include moodiness, poor health, and inappropriate behavior.

Question 57

Shocked reactions from adults and laughter from other children will keep children from using inappropriate bathroom language in public.

Question 58

Some two-year-olds in a child care program regularly become cranky, uncooperative, and aggressive at about 11:30
a.m.each day.List two steps you would take to prevent this inappropriate behavior.

Question 59

List four appropriate steps to take once you have identified the probable cause of misbehavior.

Question 60

Identify three typical situations where children would be very likely to misbehave and describe an effective strategy to prevent the misbehavior in each setting.

Question 61

List three ways adults serve as positive role models for children's moral development.

Question 62

Give an example of a storytime learning activity that could be used to help five-year-olds develop moral reasoning ability.

Question 63

Identify two early indications that children are developing a sense of moral values.

Question 64

Nurturing helps children feel a sense of belonging.Why is that feeling important to positive child guidance?

Question 65

How can adults assure children that they are loved and accepted, even if their behavior is unacceptable?

Question 66

Describe two settings that are likely to trigger rebellion in young children.

Question 67

What are some typical characteristics of challenging children?

Question 68

How does stress affect contemporary children and families?​