Deck 10: The Family and Its Social Class Standing

Question 1

A husband and wife and one or more children constitute a(n)________.

A) empty nest
B) married couple
C) extended family
D) single-parent family
E) nuclear family

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Socialization is best described as ________.

A) a one-way process whereby adults socialize children
B) a one-way process whereby children socialize adults
C) a one-way process that occurs only during adolescence
D) a one-way process that occurs only during adulthood
E) a two-way process in which the young person is both socialized and influences those who are doing the socializing

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Billy tries to convince his mother to buy him a new set of markers by suggesting to her that his teacher said he needed them.This is an example of which of the following tactics used by children to influence their parents?

A) inspirational appeal
B) coalition tactic
C) consultation tactic
D) upward appeal
E) rational persuasion

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The ________ is the dominant institution in providing for the welfare of its members and is the major consuming unit.

A) friendship group
B) celebrity group
C) household
D) work group
E) family

Question 5

Kevin and Lisa have been married for two years and have not yet had their first child.What kind of family does this constitute?

A) empty nest
B) married couple
C) extended family
D) single-parent family
E) nuclear family

Question 6

In the case of men's underwear,which is frequently purchased by women for their husbands and unmarried sons,the women are the ________.

A) primary users
B) secondary users
C) beneficiaries
D) disposers
E) purchasers

Question 7

A husband and wife and one or more children,together with at least one grandparent living within the household,constitutes a(n)________.

A) empty nest
B) married couple
C) extended family
D) single-parent family
E) nuclear family

Question 8

________ is defined as the process by which children acquire the skills,knowledge,attitudes,and experiences necessary to function as consumers.

A) Intergenerational brand transfer
B) Peer socialization
C) Consumer socialization
D) Shared shopping experience
E) Family member socialization

Question 9

________ involves the transfer of product loyalties or brand preferences from one generation to another.

A) Intergenerational brand transfer
B) Peer socialization
C) Consumer socialization
D) Shared shopping experience
E) Family member socialization

Question 10

Traditionally,________ is defined as two or more people related by blood,marriage,or adoption who reside together.

A) friendship
B) celebrity
C) household
D) a work group
E) family

Question 11

Kim wants a candy bar and tries to convince her father to purchase one for her by threatening to throw a fit in the crowded grocery store if he does not.This is an example of which of the following tactics used by children to influence their parents?

A) pressure tactic
B) ingratiating tactic
C) exchange tactic
D) coalition tactic
E) consultation tactic

Question 12

________ includes imparting to children the basic values and modes of behavior consistent with the culture.

A) Intergenerational brand transfer
B) Peer socialization
C) Consumer socialization
D) Shared shopping experience
E) Family member socialization

Question 13

Because of divorce,separation,and out-of-wedlock births,there has been a rapid increase in the number of ________ households in the U.S.

A) single-parent family
B) nuclear family
C) extended family
D) married couple
E) empty nester

Question 14

Children perceive ________ to be a close and reliable source of information,whereas adolescents and teenagers are likely to look to ________ for models of acceptable consumption behavior.

A) their families; their friends
B) their friends; media
C) media; their friends
D) media; their families
E) their friends; their families

Question 15

Gloria buys Crest toothpaste because her mother always bought Crest for her family when she was growing up.This is an example of ________.

A) intergenerational brand transfer
B) peer socialization
C) consumer socialization
D) shared shopping experience
E) family member socialization

Question 16

In the case of men's underwear,which is frequently purchased by women for their husbands and unmarried sons,husbands and unmarried sons represent ________.

A) primary users
B) secondary users
C) beneficiaries
D) disposers
E) purchasers

Question 17

Which of the following attitudes and behaviors are family members likely to influence in preadolescents?

A) fashion
B) fads
C) personal style
D) what's "in" versus what's "out"
E) consumer behavior norms

Question 18

A ________ is a person or organization involved in the socialization process because of frequency of contact with the individual and control over the rewards and punishments given to the individual.

A) socialization agent
B) status agent
C) consumption agent
D) decision agent
E) composite agent

Question 19

Which of the following is true about gender roles in the modern family?

A) There is very little difference between working and non-working wives with respect to their purchases of timesaving goods.
B) Husbands whose wives work take on more responsibility for household chores.
C) The ultimate responsibility for household management belongs to the husband.
D) The more traditional the divisions of household labor in a household, the higher the marital satisfaction is of the wife.
E) Husbands of working wives make more purchase decisions by themselves.

Question 20

Which of the following is true of recent trends in the family?

A) The percentage of men and women either separated or divorced has declined.
B) Households have increased in size.
C) Household management now belongs to the husband.
D) The percentage of family households with no spouse present has risen.
E) Households with married couples with children are more numerous than nonfamily households.

Question 21

The feeling of social-group membership is referred to as ________.

A) reputational measures
B) class identification
C) social class involvement
D) class consciousness
E) reputational class

Question 22

Ken and Kira recently married and do not currently have any children.They both work and are conscientiously saving their money so that they can go on a cruise next summer.Ken and Kira are best described as being at the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 23

The underlying sociodemographic forces that have typically driven the need for an expanded FLC model include ________.

A) changing economic conditions
B) earlier marriages
C) changing trends in home ownership
D) declining blue collar employment opportunities
E) the high rate of divorce

Question 24

The choice of how many separate classes should be used to describe the class structure depends mostly on ________.

A) which country we are conducting the research in
B) the amount of detail that the researcher believes is necessary for the study's purposes
C) the time allotted for the study
D) the budget of the study
E) the objective of the study

Question 25

________ stress that children should not stress their own preferences,but rather go along with the parents' judgment on what is to be purchased.

A) Protective parents
B) Consensual parents
C) Conservative parents
D) Pluralistic parents
E) Liberal parents

Question 26

Researchers often measure social class in terms of ________.

A) religion
B) power
C) social status
D) upward mobility
E) education

Question 27

________ encourage their children to speak-up and express their individual preferences on purchases.

A) Protective parents
B) Consensual parents
C) Conservative parents
D) Pluralistic parents
E) Liberal parents

Question 28

Paul is an analyst at an investment bank.He notices that many of the senior executives at his office wear Rolex watches,so he decides to save up and buy a Rolex so that he will appear to more like those executives.This behavior is known as ________.

A) status consumption
B) affluent consumption
C) downward comparison
D) social stratification
E) antisocial comparison

Question 29

________ encourage children to seek harmony,but are nevertheless open to the children's viewpoint on purchases.

A) Protective parents
B) Consensual parents
C) Conservative parents
D) Pluralistic parents
E) Liberal parents

Question 30

The birth of the first child marks the transition from the ________ stage to the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle.

A) bachelorhood; honeymooner
B) honeymooner; parenthood
C) parenthood; postparenthood
D) postparenthood; dissolution
E) dissolution; bachelorhood

Question 31

The ________ stage of the basic family unit occurs with the death of one spouse.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 32

According to the ________ measure of social class,the phenomenon of social class is one that reflects an individual's sense of belonging or identification with others.

A) subjective
B) consumption
C) reputational
D) status
E) objective

Question 33

In the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle,single young individuals have established households apart from their parents.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 34

Relative ________ is a measure of the amount of economic assets an individual possesses.

A) wealth
B) affluence
C) social status
D) power
E) prestige

Question 35

Consumers in the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle are apt to spend their incomes on rent,basic home furnishings,and the purchase and maintenance of automobiles.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 36

________ is the process by which consumers endeavor to increase their social standing through conspicuous consumption and possessions.

A) Status consumption
B) Affluent consumption
C) Upward comparison
D) Social stratification
E) Social comparison

Question 37

Marriage marks the transition from the ________ stage to the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle.

A) bachelorhood; honeymooner
B) honeymooner; parenthood
C) parenthood; postparenthood
D) postparenthood; dissolution
E) dissolution; bachelorhood

Question 38

In terms of family consumption behavior,children of ________ tend to have more influence on purchases than do those of ________.

A) consensual parents; pluralistic parents
B) pluralistic parents; protective parents
C) protective parents; consensual parents
D) conservative parents; consensual parents
E) protective parents; liberal parents

Question 39

During the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle,married couples tend to be most comfortable financially.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 40

In the subjective measurement approach to social classification,most respondents have a tendency to classify themselves in the ________ class.

A) upper
B) middle
C) lower
D) working
E) highest

Question 41

Lower-middle-class consumers' affinity for ________ makes them prime targets for licensed goods.

A) status consumption
B) external points of identification
C) upward comparison
D) downward mobility
E) prestige

Question 42

Which of the following is true of social class as it relates to saving,spending,and credit?

A) Upper-class consumers tend to use their bank credit cards for installment purchases.
B) Young professionals perceive themselves as being average and have a strong sense of uncertainty about the future.
C) Lower-class consumers are more future oriented and confident of their financial acumen.
D) Lower-class consumers tend to pay their credit card bills in full each month.
E) Upper-class purchasers use their credit cards as a convenient substitute for cash.

Question 43

Occupation,amount of income,and education are typical variables used as ________ measures of social class.

A) subjective
B) consumption
C) reputational
D) status
E) objective

Question 44

Which of the following class strata constitute a major market for do-it-yourself products?

A) lower-upper class
B) upper-middle class
C) lower-middle class
D) upper-lower class
E) lower-lower class

Question 45

WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area.He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories.To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status.In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs.
In the WATCH MINI CASE,Bob's choice of an Icon wristwatch constitutes ________.

A) prestige
B) status consumption
C) status identification
D) social comparison
E) social stratification

Question 46

WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area.He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories.To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status.In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs.
In the WATCH MINI CASE,seeking a job with higher income and greater prestige,Bob is trying to exercise ________.

A) downward mobility
B) conspicuous consumption
C) downward comparison
D) power
E) upward mobility

Question 47

Defining the middle class in the U.S.has always been a challenge.What has been adding to the challenge in recent years?

A) the global shrinkage of the middle class
B) the failing economy
C) the geographic shift from metropolitans to the suburbs
D) the fact that luxury and technological products are becoming more affordable
E) the expansion of educational opportunity

Question 48

The classic Horatio Alger tale of a penniless young orphan who managed to achieve great success in business and in life is an example of ________.

A) downward mobility
B) conspicuous consumption
C) downward comparison
D) power
E) upward mobility

Question 49

Streamline Luggage Company markets its roll-aboard suitcases to international executives and businesspeople that travel regularly.This is an example of segmenting based on ________.

A) education
B) occupation
C) conspicuous consumption
D) income
E) prestige

Question 50

WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area.He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories.To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status.In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs.
In the WATCH MINI CASE,Icon's focus on men of a given age in specific zip codes is an example of ________.

A) affluence targeting
B) single-variable indexing
C) geodemographic clustering
D) autonomic decision-making
E) socialization

Question 51

Downscale consumers often spend a higher percentage of their available incomes on ________ than do their middle-class counterparts.

A) entertainment
B) housing
C) education
D) food
E) clothing

Question 52

________ works best in accounting for leisure consumption when measured in terms of a particular leisure activity.

A) Education
B) Occupation
C) Conspicuous consumption
D) Income
E) Prestige

Question 53

In the context of consumption,it is the difference in ________ that is an important discriminant of social class between people,not the amount of income they earn.

A) education
B) occupation
C) values
D) power
E) prestige

Question 54

Which of the following class strata view work as means to "buy" enjoyment?

A) lower-upper class
B) upper-middle class
C) lower-middle class
D) upper-lower class
E) lower-lower class

Question 55

Which of the following social class strata are typically conspicuous users of new wealth?

A) upper-upper class
B) lower-upper class
C) lower-middle class
D) upper-lower class
E) low-lower class

Question 56

The underlying rationale for ________ is that "birds of a feather flock together."

A) geodemographic clustering
B) social mobility
C) conspicuous consumption
D) affluence
E) down-scale consumers

Question 57

To reach a desired target market,marketers match the socioeconomic profiles of their target audiences to the ________ of selected advertising media.

A) social stratification
B) audience profiles
C) status consumption
D) single-variable indexes
E) conspicuous consumption

Question 58

WATCH MINI CASE: Bob is interviewing for high-level managerial jobs in the Boston area.He decides that, in order to make himself more appealing for the job, he should wear expensive suits and carry expensive business accessories.To this end, he has decided to purchase an Icon watch, because Bob perceives that Icon watches are expensive and typically worn by people with high social status.In fact, Icon specifically targets its wristwatches to image-conscious business executives and has its best results focusing its marketing efforts on men between the ages of 35 and 50 living in affluent zip codes of New York City and its surrounding suburbs.
In the WATCH MINI CASE,Icon seems to be appealing to a target market of consumers seeking a wristwatch that provides ________.

A) a sense of achievement
B) a sense of power
C) a sense of being well-educated
D) a sense of status
E) a sense of importance

Question 59

Downscale consumers are more brand loyal than upscale consumers because ________.

A) they have found the brand that satisfies their needs the best
B) upscale consumers are never satisfied
C) they cannot afford to make mistakes by switching to unfamiliar brands
D) they have loyalty towards companies that target them specifically
E) intergenerational brand transfer is more prevalent in these households

Question 60

________ is a weighted measure of occupation,source of income,house type,and quality of neighborhood to assess social class.

A) Social Stratification Theory
B) Chapin's Social Status Scale
C) Social Comparison Theory
D) The Index of Status Characteristics
E) The Socioeconomic Status Score

Question 61

SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union.He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan.
In the SMITH MINI CASE,which of the following is most likely to describe Nathan?

A) Nathan is likely to shop at Neiman Marcus.
B) Nathan prefers sleek clothing with a subtle look.
C) Nathan is a good target for licensed goods.
D) Nathan is likely to end up in the upper-middle class.
E) Nathan probably watches less television per day than more affluent consumers.

Question 62

The family commonly provides the opportunity for product exposure and trial and imparts consumption values to its members.

Question 63

Shared shopping experiences give children the opportunity to acquire in-store shopping skills.

Question 64

Marketers frequently target parents looking for assistance in the task of socializing their children.

Question 65

Most adolescents and teens prefer to look to their parents and older siblings in the development of consumer behavior norms.

Question 66

The incidence of extended family households has risen as a result of geographic mobility.

Question 67

SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union.He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan.
In the SMITH MINI CASE,Nathan is most likely to be a part of which of the following social classes?

A) lower-upper class
B) upper-middle class
C) lower-middle class
D) upper-lower class
E) lower-lower class

Question 68

SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union.He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan.
In the SMITH MINI CASE,Nathan most likely considered to be in the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 69

All households are families.

Question 70

PASTA MINI CASE: National Dining Company owns a number of different Italian food franchises.Its cheapest restaurants, Pasta Bowls, are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning $35,000 - $50,000.Pasta Bowl emphasizes big portions for a low price, with advertisements portraying Pasta Bowl as a way for busy parents and kids to stop running around and share quality time over a delicious and wallet-friendly meal.In contrast, Armando's Italian Grille is National's most expensive chain, emphasizing fresh ingredients, attentive service, and a quiet dining atmosphere.These restaurants are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning over $150,000.
In the PASTA MINI CASE,Pasta Bowl's target market is dominated by members of which of the following social classes?

A) upper-upper class
B) lower-upper class
C) upper-middle class
D) middle-middle class
E) upper-lower class

Question 71

PASTA MINI CASE: National Dining Company owns a number of different Italian food franchises.Its cheapest restaurants, Pasta Bowls, are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning $35,000 - $50,000.Pasta Bowl emphasizes big portions for a low price, with advertisements portraying Pasta Bowl as a way for busy parents and kids to stop running around and share quality time over a delicious and wallet-friendly meal.In contrast, Armando's Italian Grille is National's most expensive chain, emphasizing fresh ingredients, attentive service, and a quiet dining atmosphere.These restaurants are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning over $150,000.
In the PASTA MINI CASE,Pasta Bowl's advertising is targeting families in the ________ stage of the traditional family life cycle.

A) bachelorhood
B) honeymooner
C) parenthood
D) postparenthood
E) dissolution

Question 72

PASTA MINI CASE: National Dining Company owns a number of different Italian food franchises.Its cheapest restaurants, Pasta Bowls, are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning $35,000 - $50,000.Pasta Bowl emphasizes big portions for a low price, with advertisements portraying Pasta Bowl as a way for busy parents and kids to stop running around and share quality time over a delicious and wallet-friendly meal.In contrast, Armando's Italian Grille is National's most expensive chain, emphasizing fresh ingredients, attentive service, and a quiet dining atmosphere.These restaurants are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning over $150,000.
In the PASTA MINI CASE,National Dining Company identifies the social class status of geodemographic clusters through a(n)________.

A) subjective measure
B) objective measure
C) consumption measure
D) reputational measure
E) composite variable index

Question 73

A husband's behavior with respect to household chores remains the same whether the wife is or is not employed.

Question 74

SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union.He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan.
In the SMITH MINI CASE,which of the following is most likely to describe Nathan?

A) Nathan uses his credit card as a convenient substitute for cash.
B) Nathan perceives himself to be empowered in the sense that he can achieve whatever he sets his mind to.
C) Nathan saves money primarily in the interest of safety and security.
D) Nathan is likely to attend the theater and concerts.
E) Nathan prefers to spend his leisure time on cerebral activities, like reading or visiting museums.

Question 75

Nonfamily households are more numerous than family households.

Question 76

PASTA MINI CASE: National Dining Company owns a number of different Italian food franchises.Its cheapest restaurants, Pasta Bowls, are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning $35,000 - $50,000.Pasta Bowl emphasizes big portions for a low price, with advertisements portraying Pasta Bowl as a way for busy parents and kids to stop running around and share quality time over a delicious and wallet-friendly meal.In contrast, Armando's Italian Grille is National's most expensive chain, emphasizing fresh ingredients, attentive service, and a quiet dining atmosphere.These restaurants are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning over $150,000.
In the PASTA MINI CASE,Armando's Italian Grille's target market is dominated by members of which of the following PRIZM Cluster Segments?

A) middle age couples with working class jobs
B) privileged superrich families
C) lower income retirees
D) empty nesters settled in satellite communities
E) young, middle-class families

Question 77

SMITH MINI CASE: Nathan Smith is single and lives in Detroit, where he works on the assembly line at the local automobile manufacturing plant and is a member of the Automobile Workers Union.He views work as a means to buy things to enhance his leisure time and recently purchased a new television so that he could better watch his favorite team, the Detroit Lions, play football. Nathan has always followed the Lions, largely because his dad was a big Lions fan.
In the SMITH MINI CASE,Nathan roots for the Lions because his dad did.This is an example of ________.

A) subjective measurement
B) geodemographic clustering
C) intergenerational brand transfer
D) syncratic decision making
E) status consumption

Question 78

PASTA MINI CASE: National Dining Company owns a number of different Italian food franchises.Its cheapest restaurants, Pasta Bowls, are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning $35,000 - $50,000.Pasta Bowl emphasizes big portions for a low price, with advertisements portraying Pasta Bowl as a way for busy parents and kids to stop running around and share quality time over a delicious and wallet-friendly meal.In contrast, Armando's Italian Grille is National's most expensive chain, emphasizing fresh ingredients, attentive service, and a quiet dining atmosphere.These restaurants are opened in geodemographic clusters composed of households earning over $150,000.
In the PASTA MINI CASE,National Dining Company segments its restaurants' target markets based on ________.

A) prestige
B) power
C) education
D) status
E) income

Question 79

Working wives tend to purchase more time-saving goods than do non-working wives.

Question 80

Consumer socialization of children functions identically in all cultures.